Objective This systematic review examines the assessment of psychopathy in female populations, critically analyzing the psychometric performance of traditional instruments compared to newer dimensional models, while exploring the distinct phenotypic and behavioral characteristics of psychopathy in women. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify empirical studies evaluating psychopathy in women across forensic and correctional settings. Results The evidence reveals that traditional behavioral and criminal indicators—such as those operationalized by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)—systematically yield lower scores in women. This has often resulted in the controversial and potentially arbitrary lowering of diagnostic cutoff scores for female samples. Furthermore, the review identifies key differential characteristics in female psychopathy, noting that women tend to exhibit higher rates of relational aggression, verbal hostility, and emotional dysregulation over overt physical violence. Conversely, alternative dimensional frameworks, such as the Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale (PPTS), the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP), and the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), demonstrate robust validity. These models successfully capture the core personality traits, emotional dysregulation, and high Cluster B comorbidity characteristic of female psychopathy without relying on explicit antisocial history. Conclusion Traditional instruments present limitations in reflecting how psychopathy manifests in women. Transitioning toward dimensional personality frameworks is essential to ensure gender-sensitive and clinically useful assessments.
Background Matrescence is a developmental transition involving bodily, psychological, relational, and social change. Research on autistic pregnancy and early parenthood documents sensory overload, communication barriers, disrupted routines, professional scrutiny, and limited recovery alongside attachment, commitment, competence, and self-knowledge. Such divergence requires a model treating neither autism nor parenthood as sufficient explanations of psychological outcomes. Approach This theoretical paper reuses the 25-publication corpus of a published mapping review on autistic pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum experience, infant feeding, and early parenting. It develops a distinct theoretical synthesis by integrating that corpus with theories of stress, resource loss, functioning, and person-environment-occupation fit; it does not report a new review or formal study-quality appraisal. Model The paper proposes that proximal psychological outcomes are shaped by dynamic person-environment fit among transition demands, state-dependent regulatory resources, and environmental demands and affordances. Its specific extension is the distinction between support availability and usability. Support usability is modelled as a staged conversion process through which available support must be accessed, processed, trusted, and implemented to become psychologically effective. The model specifies boundary conditions under which minority stress, trauma, psychopathology, acute clinical complications, or structural violence should be treated as primary explanations. Implications Five propositions address within-person variation, sensory and communication moderation, recovery mediation, support usability, and reciprocal developmental feedback. Candidate measures are mapped onto instruments, including the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire, state anxiety, perceived stress, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, parenting confidence, parenting styles, and preliminary autistic-burnout measures. Generalization beyond autistic matrescence is presented as a transfer hypothesis rather than an established contribution.
Loss aversion is often inferred from a prospect-theory parameter (λ) greater than 1 and interpreted as evidence that losses receive greater psychological weight than equivalent gains. Yet this interpretation depends on the assumptions used to translate observed choices into model estimates. We examined whether λ can be interpreted as a measure of psychological loss weighting by comparing observed choices and model estimates across money and time. A total of 124 participants chose between safe and risky options in separate gain-only and loss-only tasks involving both resources and completed a measure of time perspective. Participants chose the risky option more often for losses than for gains in both resources. However, the primary model yielded population-level λ estimates of 0.77 for money and 0.82 for time, with no reliable difference. Individual estimates showed weak correspondence across resources, although recovery analyses indicated it could arise even when the underlying λ is identical. Time perspective did not predict λ. Across alternative modeling specifications, estimated λ shifted from below to above 1 despite unchanged observed choices. Moreover, different combinations of loss valuation and sensitivity to value differences could produce identical predicted choice probabilities. Thus, behavioral differences between gains and losses, and even an estimated λ greater than 1, do not necessarily demonstrate greater psychological weighting of losses.
Digital romance–investment fraud is often examined through sequential models of scam progression or explanations centered on individual cognitive deficits. However, these approaches offer limited insight into how emotional grooming and financial exploitation become intertwined within the same interactional process. Drawing on 60 retained victim accounts, 16 focal cases, and a broader comment corpus from Zhihu, China, this study combines qualitative coding and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to develop the Cues–Capture–Compliance (CCC) framework. The findings identify a structurally coupled process in which multimodal cues and culturally recognizable relational norms, including guanxi, renqing, and mianzi, build familiarity and trust (Cues). These resources are subsequently incorporated into relational frames of reciprocity, shared future planning, and material commitment, through which financial requests acquire relational meaning (Capture). Compliance refers to the financial actions narrated within this evolving relational context, rather than an inevitable consequence of relational capture. Beyond this interactional process, the analysis of platform comments shows that retrospective accounts are subject to competing public interpretations, including support and validation, risk education, critical questioning, and victim-blaming. By integrating multimodal interactional analysis with topic modelling and the examination of public discourse, this study advances a sociotechnical account of how relational trust can be appropriated for financial exploitation and how victims' experiences are subsequently reconstructed and contested in digital spaces. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both deceptive interactional strategies and the social conditions that shape how responsibility for fraud is interpreted.
Introduction Mobile phone addiction, often termed problematic smartphone use, is an increasingly recognized behavioral health concern among students. Physical activity is inversely associated with it, potentially through self-control and stress-regulation. Given inconsistent findings, this review systematically examined this association among students. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EBSCOhost-SportDiscus were searched from inception to May 15, 2026. Eligible studies reported zero-order or partial correlations between continuous overall physical activity and mobile phone addiction scores. Populations were defined by educational stage without age limits. Correlations were pooled using Fisher's z transformation and random-effects models. Subgroup, meta-regression, publication-bias, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results Thirty-five reports were included, with reported sample sizes summing to 87,008. 31 were conducted in China and two each in India and Türkiye. Physical activity was inversely associated with mobile phone addiction (r = −0.273, 95% CI [−0.335, −0.208], p < 0.001). Heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 98.9%), and the 95% prediction interval was [−0.593, 0.123]. Subgroup differences were detected across mobile phone addiction instruments (p = 0.039), but not physical activity instruments (p = 0.415) or educational stages (p = 0.391). Study-level meta-regression indicated weaker inverse associations in samples with higher female proportions (k = 34; β = 0.0067, p = 0.004), without establishing individual-level moderation. Conclusion Higher physical activity was associated with lower mobile phone addiction scores. Substantial heterogeneity and the predominance of studies from China limit generalizability. These findings do not establish that increasing physical activity prevents or treats mobile phone addiction.Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD420261402127.
