Abstract The human endeavor in space exploration has never ceased, where space electronics with high radiation tolerance are of paramount importance. Due to the atomic-level thin-layer characteristic, atomic-layer material electronic devices exhibit extremely high radiation tolerance compared with traditional bulk material devices. However, on-orbit testing on atomic-layer electronics is still lacking, restricting the understanding of their online performance in the space environment. Here we report a spaceborne radiation-tolerant and low-noise atomic-layer MoS2 memory array. Deployed on the Fudan No.1 Satellite in a low Earth orbit, this work enables the first demonstration of on-orbit real-time testing on atomic-layer memory. To date, after 23 months of on-orbit testing, the accuracy of the returned memory data has remained at 100%, indicating impressive radiation tolerance. This work presents a substantial step forward for the practical application of atomic-layer space electronics.
2025 Nobel Laurent Omar Yaghi is establishing a new center in Tsinghua University, aiming to transform chemistry and materials science through AI and robotics.
Evolutionary miniaturization is often accompanied by phenotypic rearrangement, and may play an important role in occupying new adaptive zones. This process has hypothesised relevance to the origin of lissamphibians, which include the smallest living tetrapods. We test this by quantifying patterns of evolution of body size and other traits, using a dataset of 577 fossil and extant members of the lissamphibian total-group. We find that initial body size reduction occurred on the direct stem lineage leading to Lissamphibia and further miniaturization occurred in the crown group, giving rise to the down-shifted size distribution of living species. This coincides with rearrangements of skull morphology and the diversification of body shapes, indicating invasion of a fundamentally distinct adaptive zone. Our finding provides a compelling case of the potential contribution of miniaturization to ecological innovation at a macroevolutionary scale, facilitating the diversification and persistence of lissamphibians through ∼300 million years of evolutionary time.
Nonlinear Hall effects have emerged as defining probes of quantum geometry. Here we observe a Hall response that is nonlinear in the magnetic field rather than the electric field, in Mn5Si3 thin films, an altermagnet candidate, in the canonical Hall geometry: a high-field Hall conductivity component that grows quadratically with an out-of-plane field. Opposite-sign Berry curvatures associated with opposite-spin bands nearly cancel at low fields, but Zeeman band shifts at high fields lift this cancellation and generate increasing net total Berry curvature. This magnetic-field-tuned Berry-curvature imbalance can generally produce a nonlinear Hall conductivity, and the observed quadratic dependence in Mn5Si3 is consistent with chiral next-nearest-neighbor hopping involving magnetic exchange and Haldane-like flux phases. Moreover, reversal of magnetic order under opposite fields reverses the hopping chirality, making this quadratic contribution odd in field. Beyond fundamental advances, the nonlinear response remains unsaturated up to 57 T, suggesting possible opportunities for high-field Hall sensing.
Abstract Photoelectrocatalytic synthesis provides a sustainable route to high-value organic chemicals, yet achieving high selectivity while maintaining long-term stability remains challenging because of limited interfacial reactant availability and competing radical-mediated reaction pathways. Here, we develop a COF-modified photoanode by integrating a functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) onto β-Fe2O3 to regulate aqueous C(sp3)–H halogenation. Using cyclohexane chlorination as a model reaction, the COF-modified β-Fe2O3 photoanode achieves a monochlorination selectivity of up to 96.8% under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm−2), far exceeding the 53.9% obtained over bare β-Fe2O3. Under one-sun illumination, the photoanode delivers a photocurrent density of 2.8 mA cm−2 and remains stable for 300 h, retaining approximately 95% chlorocyclohexane selectivity at the end of the test. Even under 13-sun illumination, the photocurrent density reaches approximately 35 mA cm−2, with a chlorocyclohexane selectivity of 91.9% after 100 h. The COF-modified photoanode also shows enhanced monobromination and monoiodination selectivities, demonstrating the generality of this approach.
