In accordance with the provisions of the Code on Science and Innovation of 2004 (republished), the Academy of Sciences exercises the role of strategic consultant to the Government, carrying out the process of public hearings of scientific reports. The report on the activity of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova in 2025 was presented during the 19th Session of the General Assembly of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova held on May 12, 2026, by Liliana Condraticova, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova and the institution’s Scientific Secretary General. The summary of the report provides an overview of the activities carried out in 2025 by the Presidium, the General Assembly of Full and Corresponding Members of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, the Academy’s scientific sections, and the subdivisions of its Administrative Office. More information regarding the activity of the institution in 2025 is presented in the pages of the „Academic Journal” published in the Akademos Journal of Science, Innovation, Culture and Art.
Alexandru Marghiloman was one of the Romanian political figures who defined Romanian political life at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. He was a minister in several governments seven times and prime minister between March 5 and October 24, 1918. He signed the painful peace with the Central Powers in Bucharest in May 7, 1918, as well as the Union of Bessarabia with Romania on March 27, 1918. Along with his political achievements, he left behind the model of an exceptional political orator, whose Parliamentary Speeches can still constitute an example of elegance, clarity, logic and stylistic vibration of the message in the parliamentary debate today. The present material aims to bring to attention the opinions of some contemporaries of the illustrious politician from Buzău, relative to his oratorical talent, but also to exemplify this, through a few excerpts from these speeches.
This paper examines the digital educational ecosystem as an integrated and adaptive model for transforming primary education in the context of accelerated digitalization. The methodology is based on documentary analysis and a comparative study of the curricular framework, educational policies, and digital infrastructure in Romania, the Republic of Moldova, Poland, and Portugal, using an analytical framework comprising 12 indicators organized into four dimensions: curricular, technological, pedagogical, and organizational. The results reveal different levels of digital maturity, determined by the coherence of policies, the pace of curricular modernization, teacher training, and available infrastructure. Poland and Portugal stand out for the early integration of digital competencies and sustained investments; the Republic of Moldova through the introduction of the subject “Digital Education”; and Romania through uneven progress marked by gaps between infrastructure and curricular-pedagogical integration. The study concludes that an effective digital educational ecosystem requires alignment between strategy, curriculum, infrastructure, and teacher training. It proposes several action directions for Romania and the Republic of Moldova, including strengthening digital training for teachers, harmonizing public policies, increasing curricular autonomy, standardizing the assessment of digital competencies, and developing personalized educational resources.
The geopolitical and strategic context of the Romanian Army’s intervention in Bessarabia in 1918 was represented by the following essential aspects: a) the inability of the Board of Directors of Bessarabia to control the situation in the newly established Moldavian Democratic Republic. It was threatened by the pressures of the anarchist Bolshevik forces and the annexationist claims of Ukraine, and the difficulties of the Board in managing the internal state of affairs determined the request for help from the Romanian Government; b) the major interest of the Kingdom of Romania to benefit, with the agreement of the Entente representatives, in the territory between the Prut and the Dniester, from a stable area that would ensure the security of communications and access to stocks of weapons, ammunition, food, etc.; c) the threat, from the Allies’ perspective, of the expansion of Bolshevism in southern Ukraine, as well as the interest of the Central Powers to impose the acceptance of the largest possible concessions from Romania, engaged in the peace negotiations in Bucharest, favored the support of both belligerent camps for the Romanian military intervention across the Prut. The presence of the Romanian Army in the territory between the Prut and the Dniester and the restoration of internal order in this space ensured the freedom of action of political structures and professional organizations and the free expression of the will of the majority population in Bessarabia, materialized in the historic decision of the Country Council of March 27/April 9, 1918.
The present article provides an outline of an analysis of the vocal cycle Don Quichotte à Dulcinée by Maurice Ravel. The score has been examined from the perspective of identifying possible interpretative variants. For this purpose, the expressive means chosen by the composer to reveal the artistic content of the songs will first be characterized. Subsequently, three interpretative versions that treat the author’s text in different ways will be compared. The first belongs to the Canadian baritone Gerald Finley and the British pianist Julius Drake, the second to the French singer Gérard Souzay and the renowned American accompanist Dalton Baldwin, and the third to the German vocalist Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau and the Swiss pianist Karl Engel. These interpretations were selected from a very large number of existing versions, based on the consideration that they are performed by world-renowned musicians known as outstanding performers of 19th–20th-century chamber and vocal music. The relevance of studying Ravel’s vocal cycle is determined by the fact that, although it represents a valuable achievement in French chamber vocal lyricism at the beginning of the 20th century and immediately attracted the attention of musicians, this work has not been sufficiently researched from interpretative perspectives.
This article presents the results of a study on the etiopathogenesis of acute obstructive calculous cholecystitis and the effectiveness of decompresive laparoscopic cholecystolithostomy tehniques used in treating patients with acute cholecystitis and cholecysto-pancreatitis in high-risk groups. The implementation of cholecystolithostomy technology with visual or endoscopic extraction of gallstones from the gallbladder, associated with intraoperative cholecystoscopy for the evaluation of the gallbladder lumen and the infundibulo-cystic junction, as well as the use of modern investigative methods, made it possible to elucidate certain pathogenetic mechanisms that have been insufficiently known until now. Three main factors involved in triggering the acute episode and in the development of intravesical hypertension were discovered: stones impacted in the gallbladder neck (mechanical factor), inflammatory occlusion of the infundibulo-cystic junction (inflammatory factor), increased bile viscosity (colloidal factor). The role and interaction of these factors in the occurrence and maintenance of increased intravesical pressure, as well as in the progression of inflammatory changes in the gallbladder wall, were demonstrated. Based on these findings, a fundamentally new etiopathogenetic concept of acute obstructive cholecystitis has been formulated, allowing for prediction of the inflammatory progression within the gallbladder and determining the necessity of applying minimally invasive decompressive laparoscopic procedures – an essential approach for high-risk patients.
In this article, the author presents, using phaleristics, heraldry and sigillography, the Order of the Star of Romania and the Order of the Crown of Romania which were awarded to Alexandru Marghiloman in 1895 and 1888
Alexandru Marghiloman was, without a doubt, one of the political personalities who marked the political and social life of Romania from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The present study aims to reveal to the readers the image of the young and ambitious politician, when he was in full ascension of his political career, which will culminate with the appointment, by King Ferdinand I, as prime minister on March 5, 1918. Alexandru Marghiloman was a strong character, educated at the French school, with a brilliant speech and also a remarkable figure in the socio-cultural life of Romania, a true „wallah lord” as Nicolae Peneș called him in his book.
In the 1950s, the Department of Human and Animal Physiology within the Faculty of Biology at the State University of Chișinău progressed from a stage of consolidation and predominantly theoretical instruction, marked by ideological influences, to a period of maturation characterized by the development of applied research and the diversification of courses. Initially, the department faced a lack of resources, qualified staff, and strict control over scientific content, dominated by Pavlovian doctrine and dialectical materialism. Despite these limitations, the founders succeeded in creating a local scientific nucleus and organizing research on the role of the cerebral cortex in regulating physiological and endocrine functions. After 1956, with the easing of political pressures, both teaching and experimental activities diversified, shifting the focus toward students’ practical training and the integration of modern scientific achievements. The department’s evolution reflects the transition from an institution in formation, constrained by ideological pressures, to a mature academic center capable of training competent specialists and contributing to the development of local experimental physiology at the local level.
A multifactorial mathematical model has been developed, which allows the preliminary evaluation of the humus horizon thickness based on the values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and terrain slopes. Based on this model, the soil map of the agricultural lands of the company "Rustas" was refined, covering an area of 3,377.85 ha. As a result of improving the soil map on the lands of SRL "Rustas," the following distribution of soil areas was identified: ordinary chernozems – 2,777.33 ha (73.60%), of which slightly eroded – 121.59 ha (3.22%), moderately eroded – 14.05 ha (0.37%), strongly eroded – 8.16 ha (0.24%); carbonatic chernozems – 404.61 ha (10.72%), of which slightly eroded – 133.08 ha (3.53%), moderately eroded – 30.59 ha (0.81%), strongly eroded – 10.73 ha (0.32%); floodplain groundwater-wet soils – 80.75 ha (2.14%) and alluvial soils – 192.66 ha (5.11%). The integrated approach, combining remote sensing and field determination of the humus horizon thickness, can be applied for the preliminary evaluation of soil erosion intensity. The research results facilitate the work of pedologists in conducting soil studies.
Some aspects related to the functions and possible approaches in building a territorial information system for the health sector are examined. The emphasis is placed on the main source of data and information - the electronic health record, which can serve both for the management of the sector and for all patient referrals to any medical institution (clinic, laboratory, pharmacy, etc.). Solutions are proposed for medical information systems, including for the Republic of Moldova, which would contribute to a safe, secure way of exchanging data and information between medical institutions used by stakeholders in the healthcare, including patients in the process of diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, care, etc.
The unification of Bessarabia with the Motherland in 1918, an act with profound heroic and nationalpatriotic reverberations, was to open the way for the fulfillment of complete national unity and the realization in the year of grace 1918 of Greater Romania, a free, independent, and sovereign country. At the end of the 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century, the struggle for the unity of all Romanians entered a new phase – unification had become a priority issue both for the Romanian state and for Romanians in the oppressed territories: Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Transylvania, closely supported by all Romanians, including those in the diaspora. A delegation of the Council of the Country composed of I. Inculeț, Pan Halippa, and Daniel Ciugureanu once again came to Iași on March 2 to get in touch with the new Romanian government led by Alexandru Marghiloman.
The authors first deal with the last period of Alexandru Marghiloman’s life, almost forgotten and struck by a relentless disease: pancreatic cancer. They extensively present the funeral of the great Buzău politician. The study’s signatories highlight the fact that Alexandru Marghiloman wished for a simple, discreet burial, without pomp. His heirs, primarily his wife, respected this final wish. Nevertheless, the sad event drew the interest of newspapers of the time such as Adevărul, Aurora, Dimineața, Neamul Românesc, Universul, as well as of public opinion, friends, and political adversaries. All of them reported in detail the main moments of his passing into eternity. Now, on the commemoration of 100 years since his death, we can only offer our modest and respectful tribute.
Alexandru Marghiloman – a personality of Romanian political life, a statesman of the stature of those who lived and were active in Europe and Romania at the end of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century, was born in Buzău, into a family with an impressive fortune, his parents Iancu and Irina Marghiloman being among the major landowners in the country. A year and a half before his death, Alexandru Marghiloman drew up his will. In his notes, he said, “I entered politics rich a nd I leave poor, but with clean hands.” The situation of his fortune was “complicated,” as he himself admitted, and “the testamentary duties ... difficult.” Through the Will written on October 7, 1923, in Bucharest, in which he recorded clear dispositions, which denotes his organized nature, he leaves his entire fortune, in usufruct, to his wife Maria Marghiloman
The purpose of this study was to examine the reaction of the press of the time (1925) to the news of the death of the Romanian politician Alexandru Marghiloman. The study demonstrated that the Romanian press marked this case, some newspapers publishing broad positive comments about the deceased (e.g., Gazeta Dorohoiului), other newspapers had critical opinions about the former Prime Minister of Romania Alexandru Marghiloman (e.g., Universul). Taken as a whole, the newspapers of the time highlighted the great personality of the Buzoian Alexandru Marghiloman.
Academic Journal VI” presents a retrospective of the scientific and cultural events held between January and March 2026 on the scientific dialogue platforms and within the expert committees formed at the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (ASM). The journal includes information on public hearings organized by the ASM's science departments, as well as on scientific conferences held in the context of National Culture Day, the Day of the Union of the Romanian Principalities, the Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania, the International Day of Women in Science etc. The scientific and cultural events are included in the ASM Action Plan for 2026, dedicated to the 65th anniversary of the founding of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova and the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the first academic research institutes.
Alexandru Marghiloman was a prominent member of the Conservative Party, a minister multiple times, and in 1918, during the war, he became Prime Minister of Romania. He accomplished one of the most important acts in our history: the Union of Bessarabia with Romania on March 27, 1918, but he was forced to sign the Treaty of Peace of Bucharest (May 1918), a painful treaty, yet considered by him a strategic necessity. However, he also left us: Marghiloman Coffee, as well as a solid equestrian legacy or Political Notes.
Congenital anomalies of the connective tissue represent one of the most common congenital malformations of the urinary system encountered in the pediatric population. At the same time, one of the main pathogenetic factors of renal function impairment in congenital nephropathies is hypoxia, at the same time, hypoxia is considered one of the basic factors affecting connective tissue metabolism, thereby creating a vicious circle. Therefore, in order to facilitate diagnosis, staging, long-term follow-up and prevention of complications, in-depth studies are required on the evaluation of certain biomarkers related to the pathophysiology of connective tissue. The article represents a complex retrospective and prospective analysis of a group consisting of 100 patients who underwent surgical treatment for reno-urinary malformations during the period 2013–2025. The prospective analysis of medical records was performed in 35 patients with congenital hydronephrosis, in 45 – with vesicoureteral reflux and in 20 – with megaureterohydronephrosis. The evaluation of PCE(BChE) levels, as well as other biomarkers such as total protein, and the functionality of serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), can provide valuable information about the prognosis of patients in various clinical situations and could improve prognostic accuracy and the establishment of new effective pathogenetic treatment approaches in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and congenital developmental anomalies associated with connective tissue dysplasia. Further in-depth studies are necessary, aimed at reducing the incidence of connective tissue dysplasia in congenital nephropathies in children.
The digitalization of contemporary education has become an imperative necessity, yet its potential is still insufficiently utilized in the field of (self )evaluation, either due to the poor reputation of e-testing (e.g., fraud) or the lack of best practices and the time required to develop and apply quality and durable items. This paper explores techniques, tools, good practices for the effective development and use on the Moodle educational platform of sustainable but variable tasks with each launch, such as educational games (e.g.: Crosswords, ”Who Wants to Be a Millionaire”) and parameterized items. Due to their variability, the same unique common tasks/statements can be used on a large scale, practically for any discipline, both in thematic, current, and training self-evaluation and final assessment, without losing their value and with minimal risk of fraud. Such randomly generated tasks with automatic grading and feedback, contribute to increasing students' motivation, improving academic performance, and significantly reducing the costs of developing and managing digitalized evaluations.
