Business Process Reengineering (BPR) in monopolistic enterprises aims to increase efficiency and reduce costs by integrating processes in order to achieve optimal performance. The business plan in monopolistic companies relies, among other things, on cost optimization and price control in competitive conditions. Monopoly and perfect competition represent two extreme market structures. A perfectly competitive market is characterized by the presence of numerous firms producing a homogeneous product, with no barriers to entry for new firms into the industry. In a monopolistic market, there is only one producer offering a differentiated product with no close substitutes, and where barriers to entry are very high. Like firms in other market structures, a monopolistic firm seeks to maximize its total profit. The position of maximum profit is achieved at the level of output where marginal costs equal marginal revenue. This corresponds to a level at which price is higher than marginal cost, which is the source of its monopoly power. Economic theory has devoted considerable attention to the study of monopoly power and measures for its mitigation. The subject of this paper is the specific impact of BPR on increasing the effects of ad valorem taxation as one of the forms of regulating monopolistic firm behaviour, as well as the effects of its implementation, which ultimately result in equilibrium in the monopolistic market.
Financial reporting represents one of the key instruments of modern business and corporate governance, as it enables transparent and reliable communication of financial position and performance to investors, creditors, regulatory institutions, and other stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of financial reporting and identify the most significant challenges it faces in the context of globalization. Particular attention is devoted to the process of international harmonization of accounting standards, the role of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in improving the quality of financial information, and the impact of the institutional environment on the effectiveness of their implementation. The analysis of relevant scientific literature indicates that the harmonization of financial reporting contributes to greater comparability, transparency, and reliability of financial statements; however, its effects depend on the quality of regulatory oversight, the development of capital markets, and the professional competencies of participants in the reporting process. The paper also examines contemporary challenges arising from digital transformation, the automation of accounting processes, the growing importance of non-financial and ESG reporting, and increasing demands for corporate transparency. The findings suggest that the future development of financial reporting requires the integration of financial and non-financial information, the continuous improvement of regulatory frameworks, and adaptation to technological changes shaping the global business environment.
The modern banking sector is characterized by numerous changes driven by globalization, digitalization, and increasing competition in the financial market. Under such conditions, mergers and acquisitions represent an important instrument of restructuring and strategic business decision-making in banks. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of mergers and acquisitions on gaining competitive advantage, increasing efficiency, and strengthening the market position of banks. The paper analyzes the motives, risks, and effects of integrations, with special reference to the banking sector of the Republic of Serbia. The research results indicate that mergers and acquisitions contribute to increasing capital concentration, reducing operating costs, expanding banking services, and strengthening the competitiveness of banks. At the same time, integration processes involve certain operational and organizational risks, which is why high-quality business decision-making is of crucial importance for the success of integration.
This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of contemporary payment systems in the Republic of Serbia, examining the intersection between institutional infrastructure upgrades and empirical financial consumer behaviour. Structurally, the analysis highlights recent macro-environmental milestones executed by the National Bank of Serbia, including the deployment of the high-performance DinaCard Switch, advanced EMVCo security protocols, and the continuous growth of the Instant Payment System (IPS). To evaluate market readiness, primary empirical research (N = 30) was conducted to track user adoption frequencies, safety perceptions, and transitional barriers regarding digital instruments. The empirical findings reveal a distinct development paradox: while infrastructure efficiency is exceptionally high, a psychological trust deficit and deeply ingrained cash habits (46.7%) restrict total mobilization. Ultimately, the paper synthesizes these insights to establish a strategic optimization roadmap, advocating for targeted financial literacy frameworks, transparent dispute resolution integration, and regulatory alignment with the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) to accelerate cashless integration.
This paper examines genocide as one of the most complex international crimes. Starting from the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, the paper analyzes the fundamental elements of genocide, emphasizing its specificity in relation to other forms of mass violence, particularly through dolus specialis, that is, the existence of a specific genocidal intent aimed at the total or partial destruction of protected groups. In addition to its conceptual definition, the paper analyzes the phases, typology, and normative framework of genocide, both within the national law of the Republic of Serbia and in international law. Special attention is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical contributions of Raphael Lemkin, the creator of the very concept of genocide, as well as to subsequent legal and sociological critiques of the narrow convention-based definition. The paper also examines the phases of genocide according to George Stanton’s model, with particular emphasis on the phase of denial, understood as a permanent and socially harmful continuation of the victimization of affected groups. Furthermore, various types of genocide are analyzed in accordance with theoretical classifications, alongside an examination of the motives and objectives that may underlie its commission. In addition to the analysis of positive law, the paper examines genocide as an international criminal offense par excellence, which constitutes the central focus of this study. This crime transcends the boundaries of national legal systems and represents an obligation of the international community as a whole. In the spirit of protecting fundamental human rights, the paper concludes that the prohibition of genocide constitutes one of the foundations of contemporary international law. The paper also addresses the economic consequences of ge-nocide
