This study analyzes the sociocultural perception of insects among seventh-grade students at the Sergio Camargo Educational Institution in Miraflores, Boyacá. A qualitative methodology was employed, based on playful activities and educational workshops designed by the authors, following a constructivist approach that promotes active participation. The results show that students tend to group insects with other arthropods, relying on general physical characteristics rather than precise taxonomic criteria. However, more than 90% correctly identified common insects and demonstrated significant knowledge about their habitats. Additionally, students’ attitudes and perceptions toward insects were explored. About 67% expressed positive perceptions, such as curiosity and admiration, while 26% reported feelings of rejection or fear. These results highlight the role of environmental education in fostering ecological awareness and reducing misconceptions about entomofauna. Although students recognize the ecological importance of insects, persistent conceptions show the need to strengthen educational approaches to biodiversity. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding children’s perceptions of insects to develop educational strategies that promote biodiversity appreciation and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals in Colombia.
This article analyzes the limitations of GrupLAC, a platform of the Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, for the capture and analysis of scientific information. Although GrupLAC allows the registration of research products, its extraction and visualization capacity is limited, making it difficult to generate essential bibliometric indicators to evaluate the scientific production of groups and researchers. The objective of this study is to make visible the capabilities of an application developed to capture and visualize these indicators, expanding the scope of GrupLAC in its usefulness for researchers and academic managers. The methodology included the identification of “New Knowledge” products (articles, book chapters and research books) and the design of software to extract and analyze such data in a systematized manner. The results show that the application facilitates the visualization of production and collaboration indicators, in addition to allowing a temporal and thematic analysis. This tool is projected as a strategic resource that allows researchers and institutions to access reliable and updated data, strengthening academic management and promoting knowledge transfer in the Colombian scientific community
Reliable instruments for data collection in educational research are essential to obtain valid conclusions. Knowing the key elements of their design is useful for researchers in different areas who need to develop reliable instruments with the support of technologies, optimizing the accuracy and objectivity of the process. Thus, the objective of this article is to establish a five-phase methodological framework for instrument design and validation. The elaboration of the proposal is the result of what was applied in the design and validation of a test to measure study habits in university students. The methodology includes a literature review with search categories focused on design, instrument validation, and AI tools. The results highlight the incorporation of AI in the phases: construct definition; preliminary instrument design; initial validation; final design; and analysis of psychometric properties. The conclusions point out that the use of AI in psychometrics is still limited, but with growing potential.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting a significant proportion of reproductiveaged women and is associated with various comorbidities. This review examines the influence of polymorphisms rs10407022 in the AMH gene and rs2272002 in the AMHR2 gene on the pathogenesis of PCOS, focusing on their relationship with hormonal regulation and ovarian function. It explores how the rs10407022 polymorphism may affect AMH expression and levels in women with PCOS, while rs2272002, located in an intronic region, could influence the functionality of the AMHR2 receptor. Despite advancements in identifying these variants, the heterogeneity of clinical results and genetic variability across different populations highlight the need to consider additional factors that may modulate the expression of these genes. A deeper understanding of these polymorphisms is essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS, as well as addressing associated comorbidities. As research progresses, these polymorphisms are likely to facilitate the development of more personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, thereby optimizing the management of PCOS and improving the quality of life for patients.
This paper presents the design and construction of a CanSat for simulated recovery missions. The system was designed to measure climatic variables; among the considerations to implement in the system were measurements of: temperature, pressure, altitude, gyroscope, accelerometer, and GPS position. The CanSat submitted to a competition organized by the Aerospace & Electronic System Society (AESS) at the Universidad Militar Nueva Granada" located in Cajica (Colombia). To validate the results, CanSat was evaluated in a competition organized by Aerospace & Electronic Systems Society (AESS), in Colombia.
Artificial intelligence (AI) understood as the field of computer science whose main objective is focused on creating systems capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence has caused a significant transformation in the contemporary world. Since its inception, it has experienced an evolution in various directions. This paper shows an analysis that will allow us to understand its historical trajectory, the progress it has achieved and the projections that are in sight for its future, specifically in the field of mathematical education. The latter since the spectrum of action of AI includes aspects such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, language understanding, visual perception, among others.
Ionizing radiation can interact with biological material, leading toDNAdamage, mutations, and cancer development. Therefore, it is crucial to gather comprehensive information on the significance of studying radiation-induced aberrations in the context of cancer, as well as the cytogenetic analysis techniques that enable their investigation. A literature review of 33 articles published between 2018 and 2023 from the Google Scholar, NCBI PubMed, and Scopus databases was conducted. The studies underscore the impact of ionizing radiation in the medical field, emphasizing the prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in exposed populations and increased risk of cancer. Notably, the review highlights significant differences in abnormalities rates across various occupational groups and between genders. The article also explores cytogenetic techniques and future challenges in this field, highlighting the need to effectively integrate molecular and classical approaches to advance the understanding of radiation-induced chromosomal abnormalities. The relationship between radiation, chromosomal aberrations, and their impact on cancer research highlights the need to consider demographic factors in risk assessment. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to low doses of radiation reveals significant findings in the incidence of specific cancers, arguing for an approach that integrates cytogenetics with molecular biology to understand the complexity of the effects on the genome.
This paper explores the development and influence of the Goranchacha Astronomical Observatory, a space provided by the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, in the promotion of astronomy in the department of Boyacá. By combining scientific dissemination, research activities, and training programs, such as workshops, hand in hand with a comprehensive approach, the space has created learning environments accessible to the entire community. Through the equipment available, the search for strengthening the field of astronomy in the Department of Boyacá. has grown, which has triggered acceptance and greater community access to these areas of education. The experiences acquired and generated for students, visitors, researchers, and human talent in charge of the facilities, bring with them learning and the inclusion of people whose areas are not specifically science, being the Observatory is a key catalyst for science in the region and a space with great potential to inspire future generations of scientists.
Over the years, artificial intelligence has expanded its reach in various fields, including the environmental field. Considering the challenges that this field presents in the short, medium and long term, the objective of this article was to analyze the search trends applied to environmental engineering. To this end, research opportunities and the main challenges it faces were considered. Through an analysis of the literature in databases such as Google Scholar and Scopus, a growing interest in the use of artificial intelligence to address ecological and sustainability problems was identified. Although interest in this topic is documented since 1987, its application was oriented to military purposes. On the other hand, commercial and freely available tools applied to the object of study are described. After an analysis, it was concluded that predictive models have a great potential to prevent catastrophes and harmful impacts, and that the dissemination of information at national and international level is esential for data analysis in artificial intelligence.
Specific parameters of the binary system HD 113449 and E9 of the open cluster NGC 4349 were analyzed in order to identify the stellar dynamics, interactions and chemical composition of these stars. Because they present variations in radial velocity which implies alterations in the observed spectral lines so it is necessary to adjust their Gaussian profiles, these fluctuations are closely related to the atmospheric parameters studied from the Kurucz and Low models. the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium or LTE hypothesis, the results show differences in their dynamic behavior as well as in their chemical compositions. Contributing in this way to the study of open clusters that favor the strengthening of stellar models for the improvement in the prediction of the Evolution and stellar dynamics in very little studied stars.
This study evaluates the effects of gamma radiation on strawberries (Fragaria x Ananassa) with three different doses (0.77, 1.15, and 1.44 kGy), aiming to determine its impact on the quality and shelf life of the product during refrigerated storage at 2± 0.1°C. This study included an analysis of parameters such as pH, firmness, weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), and color, as well as assessing consumer sensory acceptance through panelists with semi-trained palates. The methodology involved the administration of controlled doses using a Cobalt-60 irradiator, belonging to the Nuclear Radiation Laboratory of UPTC, and monitoring strawberry quality during storage periods of 3, 8, and 15 days. The results indicate that gamma radiation did not cause significant changes in the pH, TSS, or color of the strawberries. However, the higher doses, particularly 1.44 kGy had a positive effect by reducing firmness and weight loss. Panelists in sensory tests gave higher acceptability ratings for irradiated strawberries, especially those treated with higher doses. These findings indicate that gamma irradiation is a viable technique to extend the shelf life of strawberries without significantly affecting their sensory quality, which could benefit the postharvest fruit industry.
The secondary verification of the Charit.-Berl.n protocol was a crucial step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of SARS-CoV-2 detection at the GEBIMOL laboratory. Methodology: The Luna Universal Probe One-Step RT-qPCR kit was optimized to amplify the viral E gene, utilizing a total of 89 samples previously characterized by a national health entity (NHE). The test’s reproducibility, clinical agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were evaluated through triplicate processing of all samples. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including ChatGPT, Blackbox, and Perplexity AI, were employed to develop an algorithm that classified patient status based on their Ct values. Results and Discussion: No significant differences were observed in the Ct values of positive samples (p = 0.806) across the three RT-qPCR replicates. The concordance rate was 99% with a Kappa index exceeding 0.9 (p < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.97 with sensitivity and specificity values of 100% and 97%, respectively. Conclusion: The Charit.-Berl.n protocol is validated for delivering reliable results, and the integration of AI enhances the rapid classification of epidemiological data at the university.
In this article, a mathematical model is formulated to describe water infiltration in unsaturated porous soils, taking into account relevant physical factors such as hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity, as well as water density, viscosity, and gravity. The model is represented by a partial differential equation that, after simplification through certain transformations and assuming a steady-state conditions, reduces to a linear equation with initial and boundary conditions. Using the separation of variables method, an analytical solution is obtained, yielding the potential flow function. Based on the physical relationships between variables, the moisture function is established. The model can be applied to irrigation and drainage systems in agriculture, and it can also be modified and solved using other methods.
This study analyzes the relationship between age and the body laterality coefficient in a sample of 40 people. Descriptive statistical analyses, a hypothesis test, and a correlation study were conducted to determine possible associations between the variables. The results indicated that the mean laterality coefficient was M = 0, 539 (SD = 0, 285), with no significant differences compared to a reference value of 0, 5 (t = 0, 868, p = 0, 391). Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis (r = −0, 095, p = 0, 559) did not show a significant linear relationship between age and the laterality coefficient. The distribution histograms showed that laterality is relatively symmetrically distributed around 0, 5, while the participants age is mainly concentrated between 6 and 9 years. These findings suggest that body laterality does not vary significantly with age in the studied population.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been recognized as the most prevalent endo-crine-metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. As it is a polygenic disorder; multiple genes determining PCOS susceptibility have been identified, including the FSHR gene. In this study, the susceptibility of 3 SNPs to PCOS in the FSHR gene was evaluated in a sample of Colombian women. The study included 49 patients and 49 participants in the control group. Allelic discrimination was performed by iPLEX and the MassARRAY system (Agena Bioscience). In addition to the PCOS risk analysis, a genotype-phenotype analysis, and a linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis were performed in PCOS women. No associations were found between SNPs in FSHR and the risk of PCOS. It was identified that rs2268361 was associated with low FSH levels, high LH, and post-glucose levels. Associations with younger menarche were identified in rs2349415, and associations with high levels of TSH, and low levels of E2 were found in rs11692782. SNPs rs2349415 and rs11692782 showed a strong LD. No differences were observed in the distribution of haplotypes between groups. This exploratory study provides preliminary results that can be used for future research with a larger sample size and adequate statistical power.
We present a detailed morphological study of the Seyfert type 2 spiral galaxy NGC 4303 (M61), using the twodimensional fast Fourier transform (2DFFT) applied to multiband images (V, H, g, i). This analysis encompasses both the circumnuclear region and the large-scale structure of the galaxy. In the circumnuclear region, the m=1 mode dominates in the V and H bands with a pitch angle of (90◦), revealing the presence of a spiral arm emerging from the innermost region and extending toward the periphery of this zone. Additionally, the m=2 mode, with a pitch angle of −63.4◦, suggests the existence of an unusual barlike structure. On a larger scale, the m=2 mode predominates in the g and i bands, with pitch angles of −82.9◦ and 90◦, respectively, indicating a more pronounced stellar bar in the i band. These findings reflect a differentiated dynamical evolution between the nucleus and the galactic disk, where circumnuclear structures may facilitate the transport of material toward the active nucleus.
Bees, recognized for their role as pollinators, have seen their populations affected by habitat fragmentation and urbanization, although some studies indicate that these insects are common in urban environments due to their attraction to floral gardens. However, studies in these environments are scarce in Colombia, especially in highland cities like Tunja. This study aimed to determine the diversity of bees in Tunja, establishing sampling stations in urban and peri-urban areas, for which three different sampling methods were used. 60 bees from the Apidae family were collected, with Apis and Thygater found in urban areas. At the same time, Bombus, Centris, and Xylocopa were recorded in peri-urban zones with greater vegetation cover. The richness of the genus suggests being greater in peri-urban environments than in urban ones, and manual capture was the most effective method. Additionally, the altitudinal record of Xylocopa has been extended to 2770 m. The differences observed highlight the importance of implementing conservation strategies to preserve and restore green spaces in urban and peri-urban areas, which are essential for the refuge and ecological stability of high Andean bees.
The increasing challenges of energy sustainability, particularly for applications with limited access to conventional energy sources, have spurred interest in nuclear batteries as a viable, long-lasting alternative. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of nuclear batteries, their energy sources, design components, and energy conversion mechanisms. Nuclear batteries derive their energy from radioisotopes and, due to their durability and high energy density, offer a range of applications from space exploration to medical devices. The study categorizes various radioactive materials based on emission type, lifetime, and energy density, and explores their impact on battery performance and longevity. Energy conversion mechanisms, including ion-pair generation, thermoelectric effects, and photon-intermediated systems, are analyzed for efficiency and suitability for various applications. In addition, shielding materials, such as alloys and polymers, essential for safety in various environments are discussed, and risk assessment models for ensuring operational safety are examined. Concluding with practical examples, this review highlights the transformative role of nuclear batteries in fields such as space science, medicine, and industry, and positions them as essential for powering future technologies.
The study analyzed 280 papers related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) for teaching probability, obtained by free AIs to establish trends, applications, methods, or existing gaps, through a content analysis. OpenIA SCISPACE was used to analyze them according to criteria; in addition, the AIs NotebooklM, Gemini, and Consensus allowed filtering Open-Accsses-papers, considering topics: education, teaching, probability, or probability didactics. 110 met some of these. The content analysis was supported by the AI Claude with research from 1985 to 2024, emerging five categories: C0: does not address the specific topic (87 articles), C1: AI in education (8), C2: integration of probability in AI (7), C3: computer-assisted probability teaching (3), and C4: the use of AI to teach probability (5). It is concluded that 60.71% of the papers focused on topics other than education or the teaching of probability and only 4.5
En este artículo se considera un modelo depredador-presa tipo Leslie-Gower con cooperación de caza entredepredadores. Esta interacción es descrita por un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias, no lineal,autónomo y de tipo Kolmogorov, con una respuesta funcional hiperbólica. Se establece la existencia deuna región positivamente invariante, la acotación de las trayectorias, la existencia de un único punto deequilibrio positivo y la presencia de una curva heteroclínica. Considerando un sistema topológicamenteequivalente, se analiza la naturaleza del equilibrio (0,0). Además, se examina la cuenca de atracción de(0,0) y la estabilidad de todos los puntos no negativos. Este sistema presenta soluciones muy sensibles acondiciones iniciales, ya que existe una curva separatriz que divide las trayectorias. Finalmente, se realizansimulaciones numéricas para validar los resultados analíticos.
