This study investigates the influence of motivation (push and pull), cognitive‐affective trust (CBT and CBA), and satisfaction (SBT) on tourists' loyalty intention (LI) in travel apps. The sample consisted of 558 Brazilian tourists. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analysed by structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that CBT was the factor that most influenced LI, followed by SBT and CBA. And that push and satisfaction positively influenced CBC and CBA, while pull negatively influenced CBC and CBA. The study shows that CBT influences loyalty intention the most and that push motivation and satisfaction are important for the formation of CBT and CBA. The study suggests that building trust with tourists by providing accurate and useful information, good service,and creating positive experiences are important factors for travel apps.
Based on the Dual‐Process Theory (DPT), this article investigated the importance of processing the attributes of online reviews by cognitive systems in the decision‐making process of travellers. Transformer neural networks were used for multidimensional textual analysis of 89,290 online reviews (OR). The quantitative research tested the hypotheses using three machine learning algorithms: decision trees, random forest,and XGBoost, through the feature importance technique. The results indicated that systems 1 (heuristic, fast, and intuitive processing) and 2 (systematic, slow, rational processing) operate simultaneously and complementarily in the decision‐making process and exhibit an additive effect. Furthermore, system 2 plays a significant role in travellers’ decision‐making, indicating that consumers carefully examine the content of ORs before booking a hotel. The research enriches the understanding of the application of DPT in online decision‐making processes and expands its scope by proposing the multidimensional analysis of digital platform content. The study also contributes to hotel management by identifying the importance of each dimension of ORs.
This article explores the relationships between heritage, identity, and territorial development in municipalities with a tourism vocation, cultural activity, and creative dynamics. It proposes an evaluation methodology for incorporating localities into Mexico's Pueblos Mágicos programme through the OWA method, a multicriteria tool that integrates quantitative variables and weights territorial, cultural, and tourism attributes to generate decision-making scenarios. The methodology was applied to municipalities in the state of Sinaloa by constructing an index of territorial tourism competitiveness based on indicators such as service density, connectivity, cultural offerings, and perceived authenticity. The results demonstrate the model's capacity to rank destinations according to performance. The discussion suggests that this approach minimises discretion in nomination processes and enhances territorial coherence. It is concluded that the OWA method is suitable for contexts characterised by socioterritorial heterogeneity and structural constraints, offering a replicable technical tool to strengthen governance and improve the planning of cultural and tourism development.
This study analyses the social perception of tourism in Spain using data from the Tourism Perception Barometer (BPT), produced by the consulting firm LLYC, and official statistics from the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE). The analysis encompasses over one million social media messages, categorised by sentiment and topic, and relates them to the volume of visitors by Autonomous Community. The results reveal a significant negative correlation between the number of tourists and the social perception of tourism, as well as a strong association between tourist overcrowding and the emergence of messages concerning overtourism and gentrification. The findings highlight the value of social media as a tool for assessing the social impact of tourism and underscore the need for adaptive public policies in regions with high tourism seasonality
Audiovisual productions have increasingly assumed a prominent role in the promotion of tourist destinations, consolidating film tourism as a relevant territorial marketing strategy. This article analyses the role of film commissions in Spain—specifically the Spain Film Commission, the Andalucía Film Commission and the Madrid Film Office—within the context of the articulation between the audiovisual and tourism sectors. A qualitative approach is adopted, based on the analysis of interviews with institutional representatives and official documents. The findings indicate that film commissions perform strategic functions in attracting and facilitating audiovisual productions, as well as in enhancing filming locations as tourism assets, thereby contributing to the territorial promotion of destinations. It is concluded that, when integrated into tourism promotion strategies, audiovisual productions can strengthen destinations' visibility and positioning in the international arena. The study provides analytical insights and practical recommendations for destination management organisations and film commissions, highlighting the importance of inter-institutional coordination, the integration of audiovisual content into destination marketing strategies, and the continuous planning of film tourism.
This study aims at facilitating comprehension of the impacts of the “Nosso Centro” program from the perspective of stakeholders associated with the Historical Centre of São Luís/Maranhão (CHSLZ), as well as to identify whether these revitalisation initiatives have contributed towards gentrification in the area. This qualitative work used in‐depth interviews with individuals who reside and /or work in the area and/ or have knowledge of the CHSLZ revitalisation process. The results show that the positive impacts of the programme are reflected in public‐private investments, increased public interest and greater visibility for the CHSLZ. However, the negative effects are diverse: the inability of some workers to continue operating in the area; revitalisation focused on tourism; real estate speculation; the inefficiency of social policies; the lack of recognition of the right of use/occupation of buildings by former residents, among others. It is concluded that there are signs here of situations similar to those observed in gentrification processes in other contexts.
Sustainable tourism faces particular challenges in contexts of structural inequality. This study examines the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the development of sustainable tourism in the regions of La Libertad and Lambayeque, Peru. Using a quantitative approach and a correlational design, a survey was conducted among 480 local residents. The results show that tourism participation is significantly associated with variables such as age, income, and occupation, highlighting young people as the most active segment, although limited by economic precariousness. Gender equity was observed in tourism demand, but not necessarily in opportunities within the sector. Relevant differences were also found in the frequency, seasonality, and social perception of tourism. The discussion suggests the need to reconfigure the sustainable tourism model from a territorial perspective, promoting public policies aimed at equity, community participation, and the diversification of tourism offerings to foster greater regional inclusion.
Nature tourism has grown globally as an alternative to the mass tourism model. In this context, protected areas (PA) represent key spaces for diversifying the tourism offer of destination hubs. This study aimed to analyse the profile of potential tourism demand for PA in southern Sinaloa, identifying differences based on the origin of Mazatlán's residents and visitors regarding their willingness to visit, tourist behaviour, motivations, and preferences. A descriptive quantitative design was applied using questionnaires administered to 198 people divided into three segments (local, national, and international), with data analysed through descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. The results show a widespread positive disposition towards PA, with tourism motivations and preferences oriented towards contact with nature. The study discusses how these findings can guide strategies for designing the tourism offer and promoting PA among the stakeholders involved.
This article explores the role of digital narratives in promoting tourist imaginaries online, in the context of discussing the concept of tourist imaginary and the growing academic interest in digital narratives by influencers, such as blogs and social media, focusing on the representation of Portugal from the perspective of imaginary studies. Based on the hypothesis that digital narratives can build tourist imaginaries, we use content analysis as the methodology to understand how the country is portrayed through the narratives of women traveling alone, a tourist demographic that is increasingly growing in Portugal. The study highlights the importance of investigating Portugal in the context of digital spatial representation and the impact of influencers’ narratives on the construction of these imaginaries. The results indicate that the Portuguese tourist imaginary offers a strong identity, oscillating between the image of a historical, picturesque country and a wild natural paradise, characteristics that are increasingly emphasised in contemporary tourist representations.
This paper presents a chronicle of the socio-anthropological dialogue held as part of the Fifth International Congress of Sociology and Anthropology of Tourism (SOCANTUR), which took place at the Universidade da Coruña from 11 to 13 June 2025. The session, coordinated by Antonio Miguel Nogués- Pedregal and featuring the contributions of Camila del Mármol and Alejandro Mantecón, examined the current state of socio-anthropological research on tourism, questioning dominant frameworks and organising discussion around the question of the discipline's object of study. Del Mármol proposed conceptualising tourism as a fetish in the Marxist sense, one that renders invisible the social relations underpinning it, whilst simultaneously emphasising the need for a transdisciplinary and holistic perspective that avoids the excessive compartmentalisation of the phenomenon. Mantecón, in turn, argued for a rematerialisation of tourism studies drawing on Marx and Bourdieu in response to the excesses of the culturalist turn, and called for the establishment of biophysical and ethico-political limits on tourism. The dialogue rejected conventional debate structures in favour of a more open and dialogic mode of participation, highlighting both the richness and the challenges that epistemic abundance poses for socio-anthropological research on tourism.
Strengthening existing dynamics and promoting local skills allows for the active participation of rural stakeholders and for them to consolidate in order to contribute to territorial development. The objective of the research is to understand the relational dynamics by deepening the analysis of structural variables of social and relational capital among the networks of active agents linked to tourism activities in the municipality of Villa de Leyva, Boyacá. A mixed approach was used, incorporating descriptive analysis, social network analysis and geographic density analysis. The results indicate heterogeneous networks of stakeholders, with unidirectional links and scarce interaction. This leads to weak management and planning capacities and the so‐called phenomenon of free rider. Knowing the characteristics of the agents in the tourism ecosystem makes it possible to take sustainable advantage of the territory’s resources and integrate local actors to generate sustainable social, economic benefits for all.
This article analyses the influence of sociocultural elements on the design and production of handicrafts in four communities in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The objective of the study was to analyse the relationship between the social and cultural elements of four Oaxacan communities and the design of handicraft products, considering aspects of form, colour, texture, quality, innovation in materials, and the perceived value of innovation. The research was grounded in social capital theory, employing a quantitative, exploratory, and correlational approach, and a questionnaire was administered to local artisans. The results show that cultural symbolism and promotion and encouragement are the social elements that contribute most to the design of handicraft products, whilst colour, texture, and material innovation stand out among the product attributes. Based on the results, a positive and significant relationship is demonstrated between social elements and the design of artisanal tourism products in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca. It is concluded that the cultural and social aspects of communities are closely related to the design of tourism products. Therefore, recognising these aspects is fundamental to strengthening artisanal activity, communicating cultural heritage, and promoting sustainable tourism. These findings suggest the need to expand studies to other regions in order to explore these relationships further.
In this review I present a revisitation and rereading of one of the most important sociological and anthropological books on tourism in Spain in 1970. Following the protests against tourism in Spain this past summer of 2024, I reflect in dialogue with the book on the need to look critically and calmly at the past of the history of Spanish tourism, especially in the Mediterranean, in order to better think about the current situation and what we want or can build in terms of tourism in the future.
The Salt Valley of Añana (Álava, Spain) is a unique enclave that combines cultural, natural and historical values centred around traditional salt production. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach integrating heritage economics, land-use planning and tourism analysis to examine how the recovery of ancestral techniques and the promotion of cultural and tourist activities have facilitated the territory's transition towards a service-based economic model, compensating for the decline of the agricultural and industrial sectors. The econometric analysis evaluates the impact of tourism on local economic activity, providing valuable information for improving tourism planning and promotion. The results demonstrate an increase in interest in heritage and highlight the relevance of nearby cities in attracting visitors. Overall, the study underscores the potential of local heritage tourism as a driver of sustainable development for rural areas with limited resources.
This study examines how festival attendees' experiential perceptions and motivations influence perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty, while incorporating the analysis of the mediating role of these variables. The case study focuses on the 2024 Córdoba International Flower Festival. Drawing on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, a quantitative approach was implemented through a survey (n=774) and a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) methodology. The findings reveal that experiential perceptions significantly affect perceived value and satisfaction, although they do not exert a direct influence on loyalty. Satisfaction emerges as the main determinant of visitor loyalty, whereas perceived value operates as a full mediator between motivations and satisfaction. These results contribute to advancing academic knowledge on cultural festivals and provide practical insights for event managers in the design of sustainable and memorable visitor experiences, with relevant implications for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage.
Tourism competitiveness has become a key factor in positioning destinations in a global environment marked by digital transformation. In this scenario, digital competitiveness is crucial for tourism management. In Cuba, there is still a gap in the measurement of the digital competitiveness of heritage destinations, which limits their development. Therefore, the overall objective of the research was to determine the composite index of digital competitiveness of heritage destinations in Cuba. The study integrated quantitative and qualitative methods, combining literature review, document analysis, and data mining on digital platforms, processed with R-Studio and Python. The composite index was constructed using the Shannon and Gini indicators, complemented by the Lorenz curve and validated by statistical tests. The results provide a novel tool for measuring digital competitiveness, offering a replicable benchmark that strengthens the management of heritage tourism in Cuba.
Heritage tourism offers an opportunity to drive socioeconomic development in regions with a strong cultural identity. This study examines its impact on infrastructure, competitiveness and the local economy in San Agustín, Huila, using a mixed‐methods approach based on surveys of tourists and tourism stakeholders. Results show high visitor satisfaction with infrastructure (58 positive responses) and average spending between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000 per stay. However, tourism stakeholders perceive limitations in accessibility, promotion and profitability. Significant correlations were found between spending, length of stay and perception of safety. Destination sustainability is linked to heritage appreciation and local collaboration. The study highlights the importance of strengthening infrastructure, diversifying tourism experiences and promoting participatory governance to balance economic growth with cultural preservation.
This text offers a critical review of Visible Ruins (2024), written by historical and political anthropologist Mónica Salas Landa and published by University of Texas Press. The work is situated in the Totonac region of northern Veracruz, Mexico, and analyses the production of Mexican state ruins as devices of political, heritage, and touristic visibility throughout the twentieth century. Across four chapters organised around documents, infrastructures, pre-Hispanic remains, and ethnographic photographs, the author examines how the institutionalisation of the Mexican Revolution consolidated hegemonic structures of perception that render invisible the social, ecological, and cultural contradictions of the region. The theoretical framework draws on Jacques Rancière's distribution of the sensible, Ann Laura Stoler's processes of ruination, and Walter Benjamin's figure of the ragpicker. The review highlights the work's substantial historiographical and ethnographic contribution, its engagement with local and family archives, and its capacity to articulate a nuanced critique of the capitalist and colonial dynamics underlying the construction of Mexican national heritage and identity
This study analyses the relationship between digital skills, employability and second language proficiency in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector in the departments of Quindío and Valle del Cauca, Colombia, with the aim of identifying how the correlations between these variables impact local business competitiveness. Quantitative design was used, a survey was applied to 114 SMEs, and the data was analysed using structural modeling with partial least squares (PLS‐SEM). The results reveal that digital skills significantly influence employability, with second language proficiency being even more decisive. This highlights the importance of these skills in improving organisational efficiency and adapting to change. The study concludes that developing these skills can optimise worker performance and corporate processes, particularly in the tourism sector
