Currently, food products, such as oil, are displayed at high lighting intensities and sometimes at temperatures above 20 °C, factors that can accelerate oxidative rancidity, such as degradation of oil quality. This is the reason why a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control system was implemented that allowed quality tests to be carried out on the oil stored in different temperature conditions (13 °C to 27 °C). During these tests, the transfer function of the system and the controller, was found using the automatic tuning of the control box. This improved the precision and continuous voltage for illumination (from 155 lux to 1145 lux) by varying the intensity of the LEDs. For the experimental design, the central composite design (CCD) was used, resulting in 13 treatments. After 30 days, the quality of the oil was evaluated (acidity index and peroxide index), and the oxidative stability index was determined using the Rancimat method. It was found that temperature and lighting have a significant effect on the quality and oxidative stability of the oil (p < 0.05), achieving the storage condition with greater stability at 300 lux of lighting and 15 °C temperature.
Among the agricultural export chains, the coffee chain represents one of the oldest in Mexico compared to those of berries, avocados, floriculture and horticulture. In recent decades, this chain has gone through a series of problems in different links, for example pests, climate changes or volatile prices. Competitiveness in foreign markets is key to guide the future production and commercialization of Mexican coffee, which is why it is necessary to know the target markets, their trends and the position that the product currently has compared to its competitors. Through the indicators of revealed comparative advantage and constant market participation, the hypothesis that Mexican coffee needs to change its market strategy, focus on quality and reorient itself towards new markets is tested. It is detected that the competitiveness in the main market, wich is the United States, is low, in addition the characteristics of consumption do not benefit Mexican coffee. In contrast, the German market represents a good opportunity, especially for quality coffees of Arabica species (Coffea arabica) such as: Typica, Bourbón, Garnica, Geisha and Caturra. In addition, these coffees are characterized by generating a greater economic benefit for the producers.
The traditional Mexican mezcal socio-ecosystem has extensive biocultural and economic wealth presence in rural communities. However, in recent years an intense demand has been experienced in global markets generating processes of agro-industrialization of diverse traditional practices and thereby negatively impacting the sustainability of the system. Regarding this matter the research aims to characterize and typify the existing relationships between producers and their socio-environmental contexts, contributing elements to the construction of greater degrees of local sustainability within rural contexts, using the Queréndaro region, in the central north of Michoacán state, as a case study. Our results show that the sustainability of the analysis units varies between and intra diversed categories, while sustainability is not a characteristic of the type of mezcal, but of the producers. It is their traditional cultural relationships, their history and their association with nature the criteria which make this element to be created.
The Asturian Cider Culture was designated as the Spanish candidate before UNESCO declared an Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Cider represents the most identifying product of the region. However, beyond its own expression of heritage, its merit also lies in the wealth of knowledge and techniques transmitted from generation to generation. The social and economic value of this transmission, although, tends to be convenient for all social groups contained in the community. In the case of the cider culture, it is an integrating richness whose evolution represents a response to a changing environment and which contributes effectively when it comes to instilling a feeling of identity and continuity, also creating a link between the past and the present that can be decisive when it comes to guaranteeing a future. Therefore, its future depends on the behavior of those groups that know the rites, techniques, and customs transmitted to the social group.
The article shows how to design and evaluate the strategic vision for the Rural Urban Fringe in Adelia María, Córdoba, Argentina, and signify the commitments to the SDG 2030 agenda. Although the local periurban presents uses that synergize its operation, the community perceives unfavorable use that are not complementary (for example, bad odors from local production). A multicriteria stepwise procedure was used to design the vision and engage stakeholders. First, problems and aspirations were identified through interviews. Second, four RUF visions with strategic land uses were designed and evaluated. Third, the visions were evaluated with the PROMETHEE method. The results show that the actors want a RUF model that exceeds the trend. The chosen vision is complementary. Locate an industrial estate and take advantage of a forest area to reduce odors and noise. Additionally, it densifies future settlements on vacant land and expands the urban area by just 11% to include scattered residences. It locates 19 ha of agricultural parks and distributes recreational areas in the urban sprawl. The vision requires political efforts, and investments and shows how to signify the SDG 2030. The actors positively valued the planning process and how to agree on solutions to structural problems of the territory.
Grape ripening is a complex process conditioned by climatic factors, which influence the evolution of solutes and define its composition. The objective of the study was to evaluate the behavior of the red Tannat variety in contracting climatic situations, considering the dynamics of berry growth, the rate of accumulation and reduction of solutes during ripening, and their composition at harvest. The trial was installed in two regions, warm and temperate climate, in rainfed commercial vineyards, during 2018 and 2019. Primary berry composition at ripening and secondary composition at harvest were determined. Multivariate analysis and comparison of means (Fisher’s LSD test) were performed. The climatic type (region) conditions the evolution of solutes at ripening, but their interaction with annual conditions determines berry composition. The annual variability is explained by rainfall, with a direct influence on the duration of the cycle and the ripening, size, and composition of the berry. In warm climates, there is greater sensitivity to the ripening year effect, with a strong influence on the rapid phase. In temperate climates, the greater stability between years results from a thermal condition more favorable to ripening processes.
Cattle production acquired special relevance in the northeast of Río Negro province over sheep farming. The change in the sanitary status to the south of the Colorado River in 2013, favored the progressive development of the activity. In addition, the activities from irrigated areas were diversified including forage and grain production. The purpose of this work is to understand the practices and strategies developed by cattle producers, based on the following research questions, What level of homogeneity and heterogeneity do the livestock producers of the region present? How did the changes occurred in the region affected management and production management practices? The quantitative-qualitative approach oriented to the actors, allowed identifying tree livestock social types, as well as the relationship with the production systems, revealing itself as an effective methodology for understanding their specificities. The testimonies collected in this investigation give an indication of the changes that occurred in a sector that was favored by the economic conditions provided by the barrier that boosted the value of the farm, generating a greater number of opportunities.
The soil-crop systems of the peri-urban area allow the recovery of chemical elements from the manure generated in intensive livestock production, reducing the risk of contamination of groundwater. This study evaluated the effect of the application of different doses of feedlot waste compost on the lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L.) and on the chemical, physicochemical, and biological properties of the soil. In two consecutive years, greenhouse experiments were carried out applying doses equivalent to 128 and 500 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, determining fresh weight and apparent efficiency of nitrogen recovery in the crop, and in the soil, nitrate content, organic matter, activity overall biological, electrical conductivity, and pH. The yield of the lettuce crop increased between 29 and 55%, with apparent N recovery efficiencies of less than 5%. In the soil, the effects were mainly manifested in the first centimeters, with increases in the contents of organic matter, global biological activity, and electrical conductivity. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in the pH or nitrate content at depths greater than those reached by the roots of the crop.
This article seeks to publicize the process of adapting the National Survey of the Uses of Time (ENUT) to be applied to Family Farming since it is identified that said survey has an urban-centric bias and does not take into account that the uses of time in rural spaces are structured in a particular and differential way to life in urban contexts. The adaptation process began with a first qualitative survey. It continued with a review of the measurement experiences in Argentina and in Latin American countries to identify contributions related to the tracking of aspects of rural life. With this information, we built a first form that was applied to people from the Family Farming of the Buenos Aires peri-urban area. Based on this journey, we found the final form that allowed us to obtain the National Survey of the Use of Time in Family Farming (ENUTAF). Said form presents methodological and content modifications based on the socio-territorial and cultural aspects of rural life.
The role of wine during the Rosas government in the Argentine Confederation (1829-1852) is examined, within the framework of tense foreign relations, particularly due to the Anglo-French blockade and civil wars, which severely affected the traditional Argentine wine culture. It threatened its disappearance, as occurred in other former Latin American enopoles such as Peru and Mexico. It is detected that the need to export their wines was one of the motives for France’s imperialist policy in the La Plata basin. Likewise, wine was important for Rosas as part of his oenodiplomacy strategy. It is discovered that this strategy contributed to Rosas' successful foreign policy concerning the Great Powers of Europe while at the same time serving to keep the wine culture alive in Argentina and generate the conditions for the subsequent takeoff of the national wine industry. In a way, Rosas’ strategy preserved the wine culture in Argentina, avoiding what happened in other great Latin American wineries such as Mexico and Peru, a tradition that has remained alive to the present day.
The concept of Good Living plays a crucial role in relation to the community and becomes an opportunity to improve the quality of life. This article systematizes the entrepreneurship experience with peasant women from the rural area of Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia, as a contribution to human flourishing. This research followed the guidelines of the Alforja Network, which proposes a systematization framed within dialectical, systemic, and holistic approaches to popular education. The results are presented in three phases: characterization of the families, the environment, and the entrepreneurship production; interdisciplinary accompaniment and sustainability through the structuring of networks and alliances. The experience reflects the ability of women for the Good Living of themselves and their families, collective organization, and innovation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the role of the State in strengthening local development through the production chain, preserving its rural identity in the context of equitable processes.
This work of reflection around the articulation of regional foresight studies and the 2030 Agenda, promoted by the United Nations Organization, through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). It is based on a foresight experience developed in the Department of Guaymallén, Province of Mendoza, Argentina, proposed as a base study for the design of the municipal land use plan provided for in Law 8.051/2009. The article shows the general context for the design of planning instruments at the local level. Next, it presents the territorial dynamics considered most critical for the future to subsequently compare the desired scenario with the 17 SDGs. The research work included a bibliographic review of the main articulation proposals between regional foresight and the 2030 Agenda. Among the findings, the need to deepen the territorialization of the 2030 Agenda at the local government level stands out, and to anchor the planning processes for development, with a foresight vision of each SDG. Working on these concerns will allow the robustness of the foresight and its appropriation by the social actors of the territory.
Bahía Blanca and Punta Alta are the most important urban agglomeration in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, with 300 extensive farmers in their area of influence. In this semi-arid region, wind erosion affects human health in the city, due to suspended dust, and the sustainability of agricultural production, due to soil loss. Faced with this critical territorial problem, the Rural Extension Agency of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology Bahía Blanca has conducted out surveys and interacted with different actors to set up a Territorial Observatory of Local Sustainable Practices. This article aims to describe the levels of information generated in this process, which is still under development, and to assess its usefulness in recognizing transformations towards the use of sustainable practices in the territory. The study adopts an exploratory-descriptive design. Geographic Information Systems maps and the MESMIS method generated information layers. These were socialized and disseminated to contribute to understanding the territorial dynamics in the adoption of sustainable innovations and to reduce the margin of error in the decisions of public-private actors in the territory for its development and sustainability.
This investigation aims to determine the components of the organizational innovation in Chilean bottled wine SMEs, to strengthen the internationalization strategy in global markets, concerning the leading countries with international recognition. These results should help enhance competitiveness in cosmopolitan markets with wine tradition. In operational terms, it includes five stages: data collection from wine SMEs, instrument design (questionnaire), application of this instrument in companies through personalized field work, processing, analysis, and systematization of the collected data through office automation instruments- mainly the SPSS statistical program for a validation-and delivery of these results to each of the participant companies. As one of the primary outcomes, wine SMEs are gaining legitimacy through organization innovation as a corporate strategy to have opportunities to stay in national and international markets.
This study aimed to craft an extruded product resembling conventional French fries, utilizing rice as the primary ingredient, and incorporating potato blends to enhance physicochemical and sensory attributes during frying. Mashed potatoes, rice flour, and additives were processed using a twin-screw extruder, followed by frying at 160°C for 2.15 minutes in three stages. In stage I, four formulations were assessed, with the formulation comprising 70% mashed potato, 30% rice flour, and 0.1% salt displaying superior acceptability and minimal oil absorption (8%). Stage II compared vacuum application to non-vacuum conditions, revealing enhanced sensory acceptability with vacuum due to improved texture and firmness. Combining optimal conditions, stage III yielded the best formulation of 70% mashed potatoes, 30% rice flour, 0.1% salt, and 48% moisture. Extrusion conditions result in heightened sensory evaluation across sensorial parameters. This study pioneers a novel avenue for producing healthier rice-based French fry alternatives via extrusion technology, ameliorating frying attributes.
The processed cocoa agroindustry is entering a new phase of hypercompetitive business where all companies focus on becoming low-cost producers. The problem becomes complex, with the tendency to decrease business units yearly. This study aims to determine which decision-making units (DMUs) have technical efficiency in producing processed cocoa products sustainably. Researchers used purposive sampling to determine research locations, questionnaires and interviews to collect data, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyze data. The study results show that all DMUs produce different percentages of technical efficiency, so they are categorized into three types: high, medium, and low. The score distribution shows thirty efficient DMUs and seven inefficient DMUs. In order to achieve operational efficiency and stability of DMU, it is necessary to improve the allocation of cocoa raw material input, labor costs, and industrial capital input. The conclusion is that industrial efficiency has a vital role in the existence of DMU if it can pay attention to the quality and quantity of production at an optimal efficiency scale and can meet domestic and export demand so that it is competitive in global markets.
This paper aims to analyze the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Brazil regarding the wine and beer sectors and, more specifically, fine wines and special beers as high-value-added production. It is assumed that the increase in wealth stimulates the desire for a greater variety of products and that consumption relations are essential in economic development since there is no reason to produce a commodity that will not be consumed. In this sense, to analyze consumption, it is necessary to understand the structure of income distribution, national production and its restructuring in the century, and the new strategies for marketing and selling products. In general terms, it is safe to assume that special beers and fine wines are consumed by classes A, B, and C, with differences in frequency and type of product. Moreover, companies try to meet all income ranges of the consumer market through product differentiation and different distribution channels.
In this article, we examine the processes of agrarian change that occurred between 1990 and 2011 in the Department of Canelones, Uruguay, using available General Agricultural Censuses. We aim is to analyze the processes of social disintegration, concentration, land grabbing, and proletarianization. We seek to describe and understand a process that differs from those studied in agribusiness territories like the western coast of our country and other sectors such as agriculture, forestry, livestock, and dairy farming. In the case of Canelones, the historical and structural significance of family production, along with the majority focus on domestic market-oriented sectors such as horticulture, poultry, pigs, and vineyards, sets it apart and justifies the relevance of our analysis. The results highlight the need to delve deeper into the study of land grabbing, concentration, and proletarianization in agriculture. The evidence does not support a simplistic and mechanistic opposition between family production and these processes. It is crucial to acknowledge the prominent role of family production in contemporary Uruguayan agrarian change, as understanding it is a prerequisite for addressing the issues it entails.
The purpose of the article is to study what traces of their stay the Kayi left in the Orangay region of Kazakhstan. This study utilises a range of scientific research methods, including descriptive, comparative, historical-critical, and dialectical approaches, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The investigation reveals that Orangay, situated within the Turkestan oasis and along a branch of the Great Silk Road, played a crucial role in the history of the Kayi tribe during the VIII-XI centuries. This region served as a focal point for the Oghuzes and witnessed the emergence of the Oghuz State in the Aral Sea region and the lower reaches of the Syr Darya. Orangay also marked the consolidation of the Kayi tribe, marking the beginning of their ascendance. Archaeological excavations in the Turkestan oasis provided concrete evidence of the direct connection between the Orangay region and the Kayi tribe, including the discovery of pottery adorned with snake patterns, characteristic of the Kayi tribe’s material culture. In conclusion, this research establishes Orangay as a historically significant region for the Kayi tribe during the VIII-XI centuries in Central Asia.
The purpose of the work is to analyse the public policy of national memory in Ukraine regarding the commemoration of the victims of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 and its recognition as a genocide of the Ukrainian people. A number of methods were used, among which it is worth highlighting the method of logical analysis, legal hermeneutics, deduction, induction, and synthesis. In the course of the research, the concept of “genocide” was defined, and its characteristic features were given in accordance with international law. An analysis of the legal and regulatory framework of Ukraine was carried out in relation to the implementation of the public policy of national memory in honouring the victims of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 and its recognition as a genocide of the Ukrainian people. The results of this study can become a component in the formation of national memory, national identity and national consciousness, especially in the conditions of a full-scale war of the Russia against Ukraine.
