The activities of colonisation in Campo de Nijar during the period of Francoist developmentalism sparked conflict between individuals and the technicians who arrived at the behest of the media, local and provincial authorities. This article endeavours to analyse the actions undertaken, based on administrative documents, personal notes and journalistic sources. The objective is to ascertain whether the decline in the levels of the aquifer located on these lands was related with this process. At that time, the perspective of productivism influenced both sides, which led to an overexploitation of water resources that continues to our day.
In this work, we aim to analyse the anti-academic, reactionary and nationalist components of the discourses on the past, which are increasingly popular in the historical divulgation books published in Spain. To do so, we have studied the authorship and themes of all the books in the "History" sections published between 2010 and 2024 by the following editorial houses: Espasa, La Esfera de los Libros, Planeta, and Taurus. We have conducted a quantitative analysis, which has been complemented with a qualitative approach on some of the most popular books of our sample.
Current historiographical research on the extreme right starts from an indisputable premise: the need to resort to primary sources not available in public institutions, which has generated heterodox methodologies. In general, those who have investigated it have found themselves in a precarious situation that places on the way some methodological options to follow, with their ethical, academic, political and moral implications, but also with different results. This article seeks to present how research has been carried out and what implications should be highlighted with the aim of presenting elements for a future debate focused on the development of a deontology of existing research.
This research examines Egypt's reaction to Chile's September 1973 coup d'& eacute;tat, simultaneous to the Yom Kippur War. Based on Chilean diplomatic sources, it argues Egypt adopted a dual strategy: public condemnation of the coup in solidarity with Allende, combined with private bilateral continuity toward the Military Junta. This diplomatic stance prioritized national interests: preserving ties with Arab communities in Latin America, maintaining allies in the Latin American Group, and strategically managing Cold War pressures. The study contributes to historiography on Chile-Egypt relations, filling a gap in the period's diplomatic history.
This article analyzes the Russian media outlets RT and TASS and their legitimization of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine from a constructivist perspective. Through critical discourse analysis, selected publications are studied for their official nature. Five key geopolitical codes are identified: strategic disinformation, questioning the legitimacy of the Ukrainian state, appeals to anti-fascism, denunciation of Russophobia, and opposition to Western decadence. These codes construct a symbolic framework that justifies military intervention and unites Russian society, while seeking to influence international perceptions of the conflict.
Since the beginning of the 21(st )century, the logistics sector in Spain has been on a continuous rise. Strategic business transformations have occurred in a turbulent economic context. E-commerce players like Amazon have introduced elements of digital Taylorism: automation, outsourcing, and algorithmic work management. Labour unions face new challenges in addition to those stemming from the 2008 crisis and the 2012 Labour Reform: wage cuts, labour flexibility, and precariousness. Based on the analysis of economic data, legal resources, and interviews, this article studies the sector's development: its economic and labour significance, labour conflicts, and collective bargaining.
Between 1977 and 1986, Mozambique and Cuba developed a technical cooperation program linked to a project of socialist transition. This study analyzes these missions from a perspective centered on the politicization of the struggle against underdevelopment in the Third World. The exchanges examined reveal a reorientation of priorities in response to the worsening of the Mozambican civil war, as well as the flexibility of state planning according to its practical implementation and the preservation of margins of autonomy in a tense geopolitical context. In this process, technical cooperation functioned as a laboratory in which internationalist solidarity and governmental management-observed through the administration of technical expertise-make visible the strategic adaptation of both countries to the challenges of the late Cold War.
In the 1990s, a terrorist group composed of members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), operating under the name Direct Action Against Drugs (DAAD), launched a violent campaign against drug trafficking in Northern Ireland. During this campaign, several "alleged" drug dealers were killed, whom the organisation accused of causing serious harm to nationalist communities. The IRA openly claimed responsibility for these actions and used the campaign as a form of political pressure during the peace negotiations with the British government. Through this strategy, the organisation sought to reinforce its social control in certain areas while delivering a clear political message: the ceasefire was not unconditional, and its breakdown remained a credible and deliberate threat.
This paper recovers and analyzes, through primary and secondary sources, how the causes of African peoples shaped the activities of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) in Cuba during the 1970s and 1980s. From the perspective of global history, the main objective of the article is to examine how the CDR contributed to securing Cuban popular support for the defense of sovereignty and the struggle for the independence of African peoples. To this end, it explores the connections, discourses, and actions that aligned the Cuban mass organization with the defense of African peoples.
The "Alash" movement, pivotal in early 20th-century Kazakh history, established the Alash National Autonomy during the Civil War (1917-1920). Led by Alikhan Bukeikhanov and others, it sought to create a democratic state. Though dissolved by the Bolsheviks in 1920, its leaders and ideals significantly influenced Kazakhstan's national identity. During the 1930s-1940s, despite Stalinist repression and attempts to erase its memory, the movement's cultural and political legacy persisted covertly, inspiring later generations. This study examines the Alash-Orda's socio-political activities and its enduring impact, culminating in Kazakhstan's eventual independence and recognition of the movement's historical importance.
This paper analyses the relations of the Powers in this specific area from the emergence of the Westphalian international system in the 17th century to the present. Therefore, this article has a main objective: clarify the existing debate in the science of International Relations on the succession of the different international systems, including the current one where specialists discuss the unipolarity thought the comparation of the different international systems in the History. Through this comparison, the exaltation of current time is observed in analysts who distinguish different political systems in the 21st century.
After the end of the Franco regime, Spain began a decentralization process that gave rise to the State of the Autonomies. One of the new administrative figures was the Government Delegates, representatives of the central executive branch to the different autonomous regions. Established in the 1978 Constitution, their regulatory development entailed constant conflicts regarding their role and fit within the new state model, a process that didn't culminate until 1997. This article provides a historical overview of the institutional role of the Government Delegates, the debates they generated, and their value within the framework of the State of the Autonomies.
This article explores the difficulties that hampered the only two cases of international guerrilla convergence formally developed in Latin America: The Revolutionary Coordination Junta and the Battalion America. Due to the disparity of forces with respect to the state, harsh counter-revolutionary measures, and ideological, tactical, or strategic differences among the groups that formed them, both cases were impracticable. Through an analysis based on extensive bibliographic research, archival documentation, and information from personal interviews, this article provides an overview of guerrilla phenomenology, which even today has elements that remain to be developed.
This article deals with the role played by the United States in the broadcasting of propaganda in Europe during the Cold War. More specifically, it exposes the role played by the United States in the psychological war against communism in post-war Italy, focusing on the CIA and its role in the broadcasting of grey and black propaganda. Thus, the role of the Americans in the broadcasting of propaganda and the covert financing of political organizations and parties will be analyzed, framed in the American fight against communism during the Cold War.
This article explores the evolution of China-Latin America relations, highlighting CELAC-China summits as key for political, economic, and cultural cooperation. China's strategic investments in infrastructure, technology, and energy have bolstered its regional influence. However, trade imbalances, socio-environmental impacts, and geopolitical tensions pose challenges. The analysis emphasizes leveraging the partnership for sustainable and diversified development.
Mercosur possesses significant potential to solidify its position as a prominent regional block with international influence. However, it faces the strategic challenge of navigating relationships with crucial external players, namely China and the European Union. These interactions, characterized by varying agendas and interests, create a landscape rife with both opportunities and tensions amid ongoing geopolitical rivalries. This article delves into the implications of these relationships, exploring how they affect Mercosur's aspirations and the management of its internal resources within the broader context of International Relations.
The graphic novel is one of the artistic expressions that has acquired the most importance since the end of the 20th century. Recognized as the ninth art, it has experienced growing interest among researchers and readers. In this article we will analyze La Retirada, one of the most important migratory movements in the contemporary history of Spain through three works: El & Aacute;ngel de la Retirada by Paco Roca and Serguei Dounovetz, Las hogueras de El Pert & uacute;s by Alberto V & aacute;zquez and La Retirada by George Bartol & iacute;. At the same time, we will address the use of the graphic medium as a tool for historical dissemination, especially in relation to Democratic Memory.
Francoism was not innocuous in Latin America. Just as there were opponents, admirers appeared in some countries in the region and one of them was Venezuela. This article wants to analyze which are the main groups linked to Francoism within Venezuela in the mid-20th century. To do this, different sources will be dissected, with the aim of analyzing the ideology of the main far right groups. The figure of Germ & aacute;n Borregales stands out. Therefore, the analysis of the Borregales work will be crucial to show the formation of a militant Francoism in certain sectors of Venezuelan society.
This article reviews the origin, development, and characteristics of Asian Studies degrees in Spain. Spanish sinology was the pioneer in the West, but it was overshadowed in parallel to the imperial power. The current Asian studies emerged in the eighties, as a university product, influenced by the "Rise of China" and thanks to the initiatives of specific individuals. It took twenty years to achieve the first official degree (2003). But, in the following twenty years, a complex system has been created, covering the three levels of studies, completely standardized with Europe and leader in the Hispanic world.
