This study investigated the reproductive performance of seven tomato genotypes grown under open-field conditions during the 2024 season at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. The experimental material consisted of four indeterminate genotypes (Novosadski jabučar, Pegaz, Dunavski rubin, and breeding line V14) and three determinate genotypes (Alparac, Bačka, and Knjaz) selected from the Institute's breeding collection. Plants were established in a randomized block design with five replications, using 30 plants per variant. Reproductive traits: flower number, fruit number, fruit-set percentage, average fruit weight and average fruit yield per truss, were recorded across the first four flowering trusses. Fruit number and fruit set declined consistently toward higher trusses across all genotypes, indicating physiological limitations associated with assimilate allocation. Truss position accounted for the majority of variation in fruit number (82.2 %) and fruit set (87.0 %), whereas genotype was the primary determinant of average fruit weight (82.7 %). Significant genotype × truss interactions were observed for all traits, highlighting differential genotypic responses along the plant axis. The results demonstrate that fruit quantity is strongly influenced by intra-plant positional and environmental factors, whereas fruit size is largely under genetic control. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating truss-level physiological considerations with genotypic selection in tomato breeding programs. The study provides practical guidance for selecting genotypes with stable reproductive performance and improved yield potential under variable field conditions.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop with high nutritional value and is widely cultivated across diverse ecological zones. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity based on morphological markers of 16 common bean accessions collected from the Priobia steppe, Siberia. The field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons at the National Agrarian University of Novosibirsk. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) among genotypes for most studied traits. A dendrogram based on genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.22 to 0.78 classified the genotypes into four distinct genetic groups, indicating high genetic diversity among the collected common bean accessions. Correlation analyses showed positive associations between seed yield and days to flowering (r g = 0.34 and r p = 0.34), number of pods per plant (r g = 0.64 and r p = 0.75) as well as hundred seed weight (r g = 0.62 and r p = 0.7), suggesting that selecting genotypes with higher mean values for these traits could enhance common bean yield. The findings provide a scientific basis for breeding programs and contribute to the conservation and effective utilization of common bean genetic resources within the Siberian agroecosystem.
Acidic pseudogley soils represent a significant limitation for agricultural production in Serbia due to unfavorable chemical conditions, primarily low pH and increased hydrolytic acidity, which reduce nutrient availability and crop productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of saturation sludge, a by-product of sugar beet processing, on selected chemical properties of pseudogley soil and the yield of spring barley, soybean, and pepper. The experiment was conducted as a controlled pot experiment with four treatments: control (without sludge) and sludge application rates equivalent to 5, 15, and 25 t ha⁻¹. After one vegetation period, soil pH, hydrolytic acidity, and the availability of potassium and phosphorus were determined, together with yield parameters of the tested crops. Application of saturation sludge significantly increased soil pH and reduced hydrolytic acidity, particularly at rates of 15 and 25 t ha⁻¹. These changes were accompanied by improved availability of potassium and phosphorus and increased yield, with the most pronounced response observed in spring barley. The results indicate that saturation sludge can be recommended as an effective ameliorative material for acidic pseudogley soils; however, soil chemical analysis prior to application and further field-scale research are necessary to confirm long-term effects.
With the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts and the threat of new pathogen populations due to climate change, understanding plant responses to stresses is crucial. This work studies the physiological effects of drought stress in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) to set repeatable water stress procedures which mimic field stress conditions, for investigating stress response at transcriptomic and epigenomic level. Two sunflower lines were tested: ABOR6 (drought-resistant) and DFAB1 (drought-susceptible) grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. Also, the reaction of the drought resistant sunflower line to the parasitic plant Orobanche cumana was assessed in an independent experiment. In the case of O. cumana, the reaction of the line to be assessed was compared with the one of a susceptible confectionary control by means of inoculation by sowing in parasite seed-infested soil. A drought stress treatment with recovery was applied, followed by measurement and comparison of physiological parameters, such as stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, nitrogen balance index. Our results showed that the chosen physiological parameters can be used to monitor the sunflower plants response to drought stress and determine the time necessary for a complete recovery from it. The findings can contribute to a deeper understanding of sunflower physiology under water stress and potentially guide the development and breeding of drought-resistant sunflower cultivars in the face of a changing climate.
Climate change, marked by rising atmospheric CO₂ and temperatures, threatens global agriculture and underscores the need for climate-resilient crops like Camelina sativa. This review synthesizes camelina's physiological and biochemical responses to elevated CO₂ and temperature. Elevated CO₂ enhances photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, and water-use efficiency, but may alter carbon allocation and downregulate Rubisco activity, with genotype-dependent variation. High temperatures impair photosynthesis, accelerate respiration, and disrupt reproductive processes, reducing yields by up to 84.5% and altering oil composition. While elevated CO₂ can partially mitigate heat stress by expanding the optimal temperature range for photosynthesis, combined stressors often intensify yield losses. Nutrient uptake shifts under these conditions: CO₂ boosts nitrogen assimilation but may reduce phosphorus and micronutrient availability. Adaptation strategies include breeding for stress tolerance, adjusting planting schedules, precision irrigation, and integrated soil and nutrient management. Future research should explore CO₂-temperature interactions under realistic field conditions, identify resilient genotypes through genetic mapping, and apply emerging tools like high-throughput phenotyping and AI. Advancing camelina as a sustainable biofuel and oilseed crop demands coordinated, multidisciplinary approaches to ensure food and energy security under climate change.
Climate change in recent decades and increased concentration of precipitation during cold seasons, changing the planting date of legumes and winter dormant seeding can be a smart-climate agronomic solution. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate planting dates (spring: S and winter: W) and different fertilizer application (control, NPK, farmyard manure, complete chemical fertilizer, biological fertilizer, and nano-structured micronutrients) on chickpea growth and yield characteristics in northwest Iran. Evaluations showed that the chlorophyll content of plants grown in spring planting was higher than in winter planting. The highest number of secondary branches was recorded under S+ farmyard manure conditions (22.9). Although the use of all chemical, organic, and biological fertilizers significantly increased canopy width in spring planting compared to the control, NPK fertilizer had a greater effect on canopy width in winter planting. Not applying fertilizer at both planting dates increased the number of empty pods. Application of biological fertilizer at spring planting resulted in the lowest number of empty pods. The highest biomass and grain yield (430 g m-2) was achieved with NPK application in spring planting. Overall, the results revealed that winter planting was not suitable for the region and the cultivated plant variety, and spring planting resulted in better performance. Dormant winter seeding of chickpea in the studied region requires the use of some other specific agronomic management and improved cultivars.
Sunflower hull hardness significantly affects seed performance in the field, but its effect on seed susceptibility to major seed pests during storage has not yet been assessed. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of sunflower hull hardness (based on a puncture force) on seed germination, and suitability/susceptibility to Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), a major sunflower pest in storages. We tested the hull hardness of 14 sunflower genotypes in a needle penetration test. Germination was assessed daily, up to day 10. The susceptibility of genotypes to P. interpunctella attack and suitability for the pest's development was assessed in a biotest that encompassed artificial infestation with the moth eggs. The suitability was assessed based on developmental duration (days) and seed damage (%) after the termination of the moth life-cycle. Statistically significant differences in hull hardness were detected among sunflower genotypes and extreme values were registered for Neoplanta (3.83 N) and NS Romeo (2.24 N), as well as NS Oskar (0.62 N) and NS Kruna (0.84 N). Neoplanta seeds had the lowest germination on the first day (9%), followed by NS Ronin (17%) and NS Romeo (28%). During the final observation, Neoplanta and NS Horizont seeds expressed the lowest germination potential (91 and 92%, respectively), while germination of NS Kruna and Sumo 1 PR seeds was 100% after two days. The developmental duration of the moth did not differ statistically between genotypes as it ranged from 28-32 days. Also, seed damages ranged from 18-21.5%, depending on the genotype, but the values did not differ statistically.
Archaeological excavations in southeastern Serbia have unearthed previously undocumented charred seeds from the early to late antiquity. These seeds exhibit a semispherical, laterally compressed, and angular morphology. Provisionally, they have been classified as Iridaceae. The macrobotanical remains closely resembled seeds of the extant Gladiolus italicus Mill. By charring modern field gladiolus seeds, the authors verified their initial findings, providing a valuable case study on the taphonomic processes that preserve the soft membranes of charred G. italicus seeds. The charring experiment revealed an additional morphological form among archaeobotanical finds. If the brittle seed membrane falls off due to exposure to high temperatures, the resulting seeds exhibit a "smooth" surface with a globose-pyriform (rounded, pear-shaped) shape. The presence of macro remains at the late Classical/early Hellenistic urban settlement of Kale-Krševica, built in the Greek style; the Late Roman imperial site of Felix Romuliana; and the Byzantine imperial site of Jusiniana Prima reveals that this plant species was a weed contaminant in fine-sieved grain storage facilities. Macrobotanical finds significantly contribute to understanding the introduction of this plant species into the weed flora of Serbia and encourage further research on its past distribution in the Balkans.
The cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum L. in Meghalaya benefits from favorable agro-climatic conditions that support year-round production. Rising concerns over heavy metal accumulation highlight the necessitate for continuous monitoring across agro-ecological zones. This study assessed heavy metals in eleven tomato genotypes using CRD and ICP-MS. The t-test results revealed highly significant mean values for Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd (p < 0.001), confirming their consistent presence, while Mn was not significant (p = 0.096), indicating higher variability. PCA showed strong positive correlations among Fe-Zn (r = 0.84), Cu-Zn (r = 0.82), and Fe-Cu (r = 0.76), with Ca negatively correlated with all metals, three components explained 90.98% variance. Most metals were within USDA and FAO/WHO limits, though site-specific differences occurred. Tura exhibited highest Cu (0.28 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.10 mg kg-1), Resubelpara and Khliehriat had higher Mn (1.20 mg kg-1), Ampati and Baghmara recorded elevated Ni (0.70-1.37 mg kg-1) and Ca (43.78-96.99 mg kg-1). Overall, Meghalaya shows strong potential for safe tomato production.
This study analyzes the impact of different nitrogen fertilization levels, in the form of UREA, on the growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under greenhouse conditions in Raška during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. The experiment was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, on a 12 m² plot. UREA (46% N) was applied in various rates (0, 40, 80, 120, and 140 kg ha⁻¹) to evaluate its effect on spinach growth and productivity. Key parameters such as plant height, days taken to first cutting, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, fresh weight of leaves, and yield per pot and hectare were measured. The results showed significant differences in most of the analyzed parameters. As the N rate increased, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, and yield increased, with the highest values recorded at 140 kg ha⁻¹. However, excessive doses showed diminishing returns, particularly between 120 kg ha⁻¹ and 140 kg ha⁻¹. The control group exhibited the lowest values for all parameters. Additionally, earlier flowering and potentially reduced quality with higher nitrogen doses were observed. The study concludes that optimal nitrogen levels are crucial for spinach yield and quality, and a balanced approach to fertilization is necessary to achieve sustainable production while minimizing environmental risks.
As a widely cultivated vegetable crop, dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is produced for both food and medicinal purposes. This research investigates the genetic diversity of 30 dill accessions from diverse regions of Iran. The evaluated traits included: seed number per umbel (SNU), number of umbellets per umbel (NUU), number of umbels per plant (NUP), node number before flowering (NNF), inflorescence fresh weight (IFW), plant fresh weight (PFW), inflorescence dry weight (IDW), plant dry weight (PDW), and seed yield (SY). The accession-by-trait biplot explained 83% (52% and 31% for the first and second principal components, respectively) of the total variation, indicating a complex pattern of interactions between accessions and traits in dill. Plant fresh and dry weight, and SY were related to seed of umbel, and umbellet of umbel, so these yield components can be used for improving both seed yield and biomass. Results revealed significant variation in traits across the accessions, with accessions 22 (Urmia) and 11 (Sarab) showing consistently high performance for both PDW and SY. Also, a graphical biplot analysis highlighted key trait associations, including strong positive relationships between IFW, IDW, and NUP. Accessions 22 and 11 were identified as the most reliable candidates for future breeding programs aimed at improving dill biomass and seed yield. Accession 24, followed by accessions 3, 22, and 30, were identified as the ideal accessions, suggesting their superior ability for discriminating across traits. PDW following to SNU and SY indicated the more potential for both representative and discrimination capabilities, positioned at the ideal trait location.
The present study deals with ethnobotanical survey of wild vegetables used as food and medicines in North Macedonia. For obtaining information about traditional uses of wild vegetables in North Macedonia 84 respondents were interviewed using structural designed questionnaires, from March to June 2023. 78.6 % of respondents practiced picking wild vegetables, while 94 % of respondents consumed wild vegetables. Obtained results showed that the fourteen plant species from eleven botanical families were recorded as wild vegetables. Most of the mentioned wild vegetables belong to the Polygonaceae family. The botanical family, scientific name, folk name, used plant parts, culinary and medicinal use as well as the relative frequency of citation index (RFC) of wild vegetables are shown for each of the plant species. In this research, Urtica dioica L. is the species with the highest relative frequency of citation index (0.25). Also, it was found that among the edible parts, leaves are dominant (59 %). Ethnobotanical studies are key to finding ways to use natural plant resources, and therefore such research should be continued in the future.
The adverse effects of climate change are impacting agricultural production, necessitating adaptation and mitigation measures. Sequestering atmospheric carbon into the soil represents potential strategy to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of green manure and intercropping of winter wheat and winter forage pea on soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, with the goal of achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable agricultural production. The study was conducted over three growing seasons (2021/22, 2022/23, and 2023/24) on experimental plots at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. Different combinations of treatments with winter wheat, winter forage pea with biomass incorporation were applied. Sowing was done in autumn, and in early May the crops were mowed, chopped and incorporated into the soil. Soil sampling was conducted at a depth of 0-30 cm. Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. The results indicate that green manure significantly contributes to increased nitrogen and organic carbon content in the soil, particularly when combined with other sustainable agricultural practices like intercropping. The highest organic carbon (14.89 g/kg) and nitrogen (0.195%) content in the soil were observed in these treatments. Intercropping of forage pea and wheat + biomass incorporation, compared to the control, increased soil carbon content by an average of 1.4 g/kg, meaning that the SOC stock increased by 0.5 t/ha/yr. The implementation of climate-smart agricultural practices enhances the resilience of agricultural production to climate change while preserving soil as an exceptionally important, non-renewable natural resource.
Zinc (Zn) soil deficiency negatively affects crop yields and the quality of staple food globally. Soil Zn availability is declining due to soil conditions and is further impacted by factors such as agricultural practices, especially the use of phosphorus fertilizers, which can reduce Zn uptake in wheat. As a result, wheat grain often contains low Zn levels, and its bioavailability is limited, contributing to insufficient Zn intake through wheat-based foods. This review focuses on plant-available Zn status in soils, Zn in wheat grains, and the human population in Serbia, emphasizing the connections between these issues. Data on soils with low available Zn, rather low Zn in wheat grain and general lack of results on Zn concentration in crop plant tissues and application of Zn fertilizers suggest that further research is needed to evaluate nutritional status of wheat plants for Zn. Existing data suggest that Zn deficiency in humans could be a concern in Serbia, especially with dietary shifts toward more plant-based diets. Given the high consumption of wheat in the country, biofortification presents a promising and solution to improve Zn levels in wheat grain in a sustainable way. Agronomic biofortification, through application of soil and foliar Zn fertilizers can enhance Zn concentration in wheat grain and improve human nutrition, thus reducing the risk of deficiency in the population.
Maize production is often threatened by numerous phytophagous insect species and diseases, among which the European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis and ear rot caused by Fusarium species stand out. The damage to maize ears caused by the European corn borer larvae can represent access points for Fusarium spores, increasing the probability of infection. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide treatment against the European corn borer and its subsequent impact on reducing the incidence of ear rot caused by Fusarium species. Additionally, the study sought to assess the prevalence of Fusarium species throughout the four-year experimental period. The study was performed from 2013 to 2016 and included a treatment and a control, with four replications. Each experimental year, a combination of chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin at a recommended dosage was applied as an insecticide treatment, while in the control treatment no insecticides were applied. The obtained results indicated that the insecticide treatment significantly reduced the number of ECB larvae on maize ears in all years of the study, except in 2015. The efficacy of the insecticide treatment in reducing the total number of damaged ears was significant only in 2016, while in other years, the efficacy varied. The insecticide treatment had a significant effect on the disease severity index and significantly reduced ear rot only in 2013. During the four-year study, F. verticillioides was the most commonly identified fungal species on maize, except in 2014, when F. graminearum was dominant. The insecticide treatment had no effect on the species diversity within the Fusarium genus.
It is obvious that the end product of any crop production activity embarked upon by any farmer/agronomist is yield. This review paper is aimed at diagnosing various ways or approaches through which crop yield could be increased to meet the need of the teeming global population. Yield means different things to different farmers. To grain crop growers, yield constitutes the harvested grains; to root/tuber crop farmers, it implies the economic roots/tubers; to forage crop growers, yield is the top (shoot) of the crop plant harvested either fresh or dry. So, the yield of crop plants is the quantity of seeds or grains obtained from a particular piece of land measured in kilograms/hectare or bushel/acre. Yield is of three main types among which are-potential, actual and attainable and can be estimated by different means. On the other hand, precision farming is defined as a technological approach that targets increasing the sustainability of agricultural production through measurement, observation, and responses to temporal and spatial variability. Some of these technological approaches applied to increasing crop yield include use of quality seeds, field productivity zoning, crop growth monitoring, accurate weather prediction, smart application of fertilizers, proper irrigation, soil testing, weed, disease and pest management. Consequently, forecasting crop yield and smart combination of agricultural efforts can be applied to analyze crop attributes or traits to predict its yield.
Soil quality monitoring is essential in agricultural regions such as the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The abundance of bacterial functional groups involved in the nitrogen cycle presents a good indicator of nitrogen forms in soil and soil fertility. This study aimed to assess the abundances of selected bacterial functional groups across three different soil types in Vojvodina and to examine their correlation with soil chemical properties. Analyzed soil types (chernozem, solonchak, vertisol) were sampled at nine locations, with two agricultural and one control plot at each location. The abundances of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifiers, nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and total heterotrophic bacteria were determined. Results showed differences in the abundances of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifiers, and nitrifiers across different soil types. Chernozem had the highest abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifiers. Denitrifiers were most abundant in solonchak, while vertisol had the highest abundance of nitrifiers and total heterotrophic bacteria. A statistically significant moderate correlation was observed between the abundance of bacteria and certain soil chemical properties. Namely, moderate negative correlation between nitrifiers and pH in KCl (r=-0.57), pH in H2O (r=-0.53), and CaCO3 content (r=-0.4) and moderate positive correlation between denitrifiers and P2O5 content (r=0.4) were determined. Moderate correlation of bacterial counts and soil properties could indicate that bacterial count variability is also linked to other factors, such as soil vegetation cover type, soil use, anthropogenic activities and climate change. Thus, bacterial functional groups could be useful as an indicator of overall soil health and fertility, especially in connection with nitrogen, as an essential element.
Plant diseases represent one of the main biotic stressors that, depending on the time of occurrence and intensity, lead to a reduction or complete yield losses. Phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, a major causal agent of bacterial leaf spot disease (BLS) in sweet peppers causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruits. The aim of this study was to select spectral reflectance indices that correlate to the highest extent with the results of the visual assessment of BLS. The appearance of disease symptoms was assessed on two tolerant and two susceptible sweet pepper lines, by visual scoring according to the Horsfall-Barratt (HB) scale and by using an active, portable multispectral optical device (Plant-O-Meter), in the field under natural infection. The results indicated that vegetation indices (VIs) showed different significance depending upon the particular stage of visual assessments (V.A.). Indices, such as EVI, WDRVI, GRDVI, PNDVI were found to be the most suitable for early disease detection since they showed significant correlation at third V.A. The largest number of vegetation indices showed the highest significant correlation at 4 V.A. and 5 V.A. which indicated that they can serve in later stages of disease detection. This study provides valuable insights into the use of an active sensor device for sweet pepper bacterial leaf spot detection, monitoring, and evaluation, potentially enabling more timely and targeted interventions. Further research could explore the practical implementation of these findings in field settings and evaluate their effectiveness in large-scale disease management strategies.
The reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the tobacco sector in the European Union aims to gradually phase out subsidies for tobacco cultivation, a change that will significantly impact the tobacco industry in the Republic of North Macedonia. As a response, one proposed adaptation strategy is the cultivation of alternative crops to maintain employment levels and market competitiveness with new products. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) was explored as a potential alternative crop that local farmers could adopt. Field experiments were conducted in 2019 across three localities (L1 - L3) on seven experimental fields (EF1 - EF7). The results revealed that EF3 achieved the highest yield of dry biomass at 4,400 kg/ha, followed by EF7 and EF1 (3900 kg ha-1 and 3580 kg ha-1 respectively), showing significant differences with other fields (p < 0.05). The highest dry leaf yield (1,400 kg ha⁻¹) was observed at EF7, with statistical differences with EF6, EF5, and EF4. Among the localities, dry biomass yield was significantly higher at L3 (3,250 kg ha⁻¹) and L1 (3,115 kg ha⁻¹), compared with L2 (2,450 kg ha⁻¹). Based on dry leaf L3 producing the highest yield (935 kg ha⁻¹), significantly greater than L1 (840 kg ha⁻¹) and L2 (875 kg ha⁻¹). While some findings, such as the dry biomass yield are promising, the overall results obtain from one year of investigation are insufficient to recommend stevia as a viable alternative crop for the tobacco-growing regions of the country at this time.
The RFLP analysis of the 16S rDNA revealed two distinct phytoplasma groups, 16SrXII-A and 16SrXII-H, suggesting the presence of diverse phytoplasma strains within the analyzed isolates from the Russian State Collection of Pathogenic Microorganisms. Partial 16S rDNA sequences of four phytoplasma, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma', isolates belonging to the 16SrXII group from the three plant species: common hop (Humulus lupulus L.), Indian datura (Datura metel L.) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) are presented. DNA of gene coding 16S rRNA was amplified, using nested PCR with primers P1/16Sr-SR and R16F2n/R16R2.Fragment of 16S rDNA of the 1.2 Kb was eluted from the corresponding band after agarose gel electrophoresis, purified and used to generate libraries. Sequencing of DNA libraries was performed on a MiSeq sequencer, while assembly of sequences was carried out using the QIAGEN CIC Genomics Workbench software. To compare 16S rDNA sequences with reference strain, the MEGA 5.2 program was used. Two phytoplasma isolates from grapevine (NCBI acc. nos. OQ120463 and OQ120464) and one from datura (OQ130742) have shown 100% and 99.9% similarity to the reference strain and to previously deposited phytoplasma isolates from Russia infecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), as well as 99.9-99.7% similarity to 'Ca. P. solani' isolates from grapevine from Spain, Italy, Georgia, and from tobacco in Serbia. Phytoplasma isolate sequenced from common hop belonged to the 16SrXII-H subgroup, closely related to 'Ca. P. convolvuli'. This type of phytoplasma was discovered and sequenced for the first time on the territory of the Russian Federation. Its similarity to the species 'Ca. P. solani' did not exceed 97.2%, and it reached 99.8% relatively to the reference 'Ca. P. convolvuli' isolate (JN833705) from field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.).
