Background: Cases of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are increasing on a daily basis, occurring at all age levels, with the prevalence of younger sufferers increasing. Diabetes mellitus that is not detected early and is not managed well can result in serious complications, both macrovascular and microvascular. Effective screening provides a potential opportunity for people with diabetes. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the needs of healthcare providers for a web-based application to support systematic screening and integrated management of type 2 diabetes patients in hospitals. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted involving nutritionists, pharmacists, outpatient and inpatient nurses, internal medicine specialists, general practitioners, and hospital managers selected through purposive sampling. Participants had worked for at least one year, had experience managing type 2 DM patients, and were able to use electronic medical record systems. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations and analyzed using thematic analysis Results: Five main themes were identified: the need for comprehensive data entry features, patient identity and health information management, an attractive and user-friendly interface, notification functions, and recapitulation and educational features accessible to both healthcare providers and patients. Conclusion: Healthcare providers require a web-based application to facilitate integrated care for patients with type 2 DM, particularly for complication risk assessment using SEAR-B. The study recommends developing an integrated application connecting healthcare providers and patients to improve diabetes management and screening outcomes.
Background: Neonatal asphyxia and iron-deficiency anemia are two leading causes of newborn morbidity and mortality. Delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) is an evidence-based intervention with the potential to prevent both conditions by optimizing placental transfusion following delivery. Objective: To analyze the effect of DCC duration (2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 7 minutes) on hemoglobin levels and oxygen saturation in term neonates. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 30 term neonates divided into three groups (n = 10 per group): the 2-minute, 3-minute, and 7-minute delay groups. Data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test and Tukey HSD post hoc test. Results: There were significant differences in hemoglobin levels (F = 43.471; p = 0.001) and oxygen saturation (F = 8.520; p = 0.001) between groups. The highest mean hemoglobin level was found in the 7-minute delay group (23.230 ± 0.807 g/dL), followed by the 3-minute group (20.240 ± 2.558 g/dL), and the 2-minute group (15.340 ± 5.277 g/dL). Post hoc testing revealed significant differences between all hemoglobin group pairs. Regarding oxygen saturation, the 3-minute and 7-minute delay groups showed no significant difference (p = 0.484), indicating that the effectiveness threshold was reached at the third minute Conclusion: DCC significantly improves hemoglobin levels and oxygen saturation in term neonates. A minimum delay of 3 minutes recommended as the optimal duration in newborn care as an integrated strategy for preventing neonatal asphyxia and anemia.
Background: Stunting is a chronic growth disorder influenced by maternal nutritional status, recurrent infections, and suboptimal caregiving practices. Strengthening maternal behavioral competence is an important strategy for stunting prevention, particularly through digital interventions. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Si NaNing mobile application developed in this study in improving responsibility, autonomy, initiative, and self - control among pregnant women. Methods: The study was conducted in community health centers and midwife private practices (MPP) in Tanjungpinang from October to November 2025 using a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design with a control group. A total of 200 pregnant women were selected through consecutive sampling from a population of approximately 450 pregnant women and equally assigned into intervention and control groups (n = 100 each). Both groups received a 45 - minute health education session on stunting prevention delivered by trained midwives, while the intervention group additionally received full access to the Si NaNing application. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire at baseline and seven days post-intervention. Results: Significant improvements were found in all behavioral variables in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed a very strong effect of the intervention, with R² values ranging from 0.960 to 0.986. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the Si NaNing application effectively strengthened maternal behavioral competencies related to stunting prevention and may serve as a promising digital educational approach for pregnant women.
Background: Furniture workers who lift and carry heavy loads face various ergonomic risks that impact their work performance and health. Field observations indicate that manual material handling is carried out conventionally with heavy and large loads without the use of assistive devices. This results in workers working in non-ergonomic positions. In addition, the high frequency of repetitive movements and the lack of education on correct lifting techniques increase the risk of fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: This study aims to analyze the differences in work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders in the ergonomic work positions of furniture workers. Methods: The study subjects were 60 male workers. Work fatigue was measured using a reaction time meter with millimeter (mm) units and a questionnaire. This study used an experimental design with a randomized controlled trial method. Data collection on musculoskeletal disorders used the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. Results: Comparison of pre-employment and post-employment scores in the treatment group showed that the average value decreased from 719.63 mm before work to 235.07 mm after work. The average musculoskeletal disorders in the control group increased before and after work from 30.30 to 33.30 (p=0.001). These results indicate that ergonomic work position interventions can reduce fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders in lifters. Conclusion: Therefore, companies need to implement comprehensive work ergonomic standards including manual handling technique training for all workers, provision of lifting aids such as trolleys or hand trucks, and worker health monitoring as a preventive measure against work fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders.
Background: Adolescent mental health, particularly among nursing students exposed to substantial academic and emotional demands, requires effective and theory-driven resilience interventions. Although gamified health education shows potential, its integration with established nursing theories such as Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) remains limited. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a RAM-based educational card game in enhancing mental resilience among late adolescent nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was conducted involving 118 nursing students (59 intervention; 59 control) from Politeknik Negeri Indramayu, Indonesia. The intervention group participated in a two-week educational card game program (60–90 minutes per session) designed to address RAM’s four adaptive modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. The control group received standard health education booklets. Resilience was assessed using the Adolescent Resilience and Adaptation Scale (ARAS). Due to non-normal data distribution, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Mann–Whitney U tests were applied. Results: The intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in resilience from pretest to posttest (Z = −6.74, p < 0.001). Post-intervention resilience scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (U = 719, p < 0.001), with a medium-to-large effect size (r = 0.506). Conclusion: These findings indicate that a RAM-based educational card game is an effective and practically meaningful approach to strengthening resilience in late adolescent nursing students. This intervention offers a promising, theory-informed strategy for mental health promotion and supports the integration of resilience-building programs into nursing education curriculum.
Background: Depression and anxiety in postpartum women have a significant impact on the health of the mother, infant, and family. Early detection is essential to prevent long-term psychological complications. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether completing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), followed by a 20-minute brief education session delivered by midwives, could reduce EPDS scores among postpartum women within two weeks after the intervention. Methods: A quasi-experimental non-randomized controlled pre–post design was conducted at Pondok Bambu 1 Primary Health Center (intervention) and Pondok Gede District Hospital (control) using purposive sampling. A total of 52 postpartum women participated, with 26 assigned to the intervention group and 26 to the control group. The intervention consisted of EPDS screening followed by a brief education session on perinatal mental health, while the control group received routine care only. Results: Results showed that the mean EPDS score in the intervention group decreased from 13.23 ± 2.50 to 6.96 ± 2.18 (Δ = 6.27; 95% CI [−6.89; −5.65]; p < 0.001; d = 2.07), whereas the control group showed no significant change. The post-intervention Mann–Whitney test indicated a significant difference between groups (p = 0.021). Conclusion: These findings highlight that EPDS screening followed by brief education by healthcare providers is effective in reducing psychological distress in postpartum women. Integration of this program into postnatal care services is highly recommended to improve maternal and infant mental health outcomes.
Background: A file fracture is a significant complication in endodontic treatment, particularly when it obstructs access to the apical root canal. The primary cause is torsional fatigue, occurring when applied force exceeds the elastic limit of NiTi alloys. Heat-treated rotary files have been developed to improve torsional resistance. Objective: To compare the time to fracture due to torsional fatigue between gold and blue heat-treated rotary files under taper lock conditions. Methods: A total of 48 heat-treated rotary files (#25.04) were embedded in bulk-fill composite resin blocks to simulate taper lock. Samples were randomly divided into eight groups (n=6): E-Flex Gold (3 mm, 5 mm), EndoArt Smart Gold (3 mm, 5 mm), E-Flex Blue (3 mm, 5 mm), and EndoArt Smart Blue (3 mm, 5 mm). Torsional fatigue time was recorded from the start of rotation using an endomotor until fracture occurred. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in torsional fatigue time among groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Blue heat-treated rotary files showed longer fracture times and may be safer in high taper lock conditions, although results are limited by the in vitro resin model.
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) was the second-highest cause of death in Indonesia. West Java is one of the provinces with a high prevalence of heart disease in Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the inpatient therapy profile for CHD patients at Universitas Indonesia Hospital (RSUI). Methods: This study was a descriptive study using data from medical records of inpatients with CHD who were registered as BPJS Kesehatan participants at RSUI from January to September 2024. Results: The results showed that 84 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from a total study population of 208 patients, with the majority of patients being male (59,5%), aged <60 years (56,0%), and having a primary complaint of chest pain (79,8%). Based on laboratory characteristics, most patients had normal troponin T levels (86,9%), normal blood creatinine levels (54,8%), and random blood glucose levels <200 mg/dL (77,4%). The length of hospitalization was ≤5 days (82,1%) with improved clinical outcomes (97,6%). Most patients had ≥3 comorbidities (53,6%), with the most common comorbidities being HHD (38,1%), hypertension (35,7%), and CHF (33,3%). In addition, most patients received ≥5 drugs (97,6%), with the commonly used therapeutic profiles being platelet aggregation inhibitors (79,8%), HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (78,6%), organic nitrates (67,9%), selective beta-blocking agents (56,0%), and ACE inhibitors (45,2%). Conclusion: The predominant therapeutic profile of CHD inpatients at RSUI included platelet aggregation inhibitors, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, organic nitrates, selective beta-blocking agents, and ACE inhibitors.
Background: The use of partographs in obstetric care is an important topic, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, which face high maternal and neonatal mortality rates. Objective: This study aimed to explore and analyze factors influencing midwives' use of the partograph for early detection of labor complications. Methods: This study employed a non-experimental quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design to analyze factors influencing partograph use by midwives. The study population was 135 midwives in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, with a sample of 101 midwives determined using a simple random sampling technique. The dependent variable was partograph utilization, while the independent variables included midwives' knowledge, attitudes, motivation, perception of supervision, training, length of service, age, and education level. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and observation sheet. Data analysis used the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression to identify relationships between variables influencing partograph utilization. Results: The education was significantly associated with partograph utilization (p=0.001; OR 6.0), with midwives with higher education being more likely to use it. Conversely, length of service ≥5 years was associated with decreased partograph utilization (p=0.000; OR 0.05). In addition, motivation (p=0.002; OR 1.6) and supervision (p=0.032; OR 1.7) also positively influenced partograph use. The logistic regression model showed that higher education increased the probability of partograph use (Exp(B)=11.172), while longer work experience decreased the probability (Exp(B)=0.028). Conclusion: Higher education significantly increased partograph use, while work experience above 5 years decreased its use. Motivation and supervision also positively contributed to optimal partograph use.
Background: Hypertension is a common chronic condition that requires consistent medication adherence to prevent complications. Despite various control programs, adherence remains influenced by sociodemographic factors. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, national health insurance enrollment (JKN), smoking habits, and medication adherence among hypertensive patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Mengwi Public Health Center, Badung Regency, Bali Province. The study population included 611 adult hypertensive patients, and 239 respondents were selected using random sampling. The dependent variable was medication adherence, while the independent variables were age, gender, marital status, education, employment status, household position, JKN membership, and smoking habits. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test to assess associations. Results: The results showed that among 239 participants, 82.8% adhered to their medication. Age was significantly associated with adherence (p = 0.008), and regression analysis (p = 0.901; OR = 1.001; 95% CI: 0.980–1.023) indicated a small effect but a pattern where older and middle-aged patients were more compliant than younger adults. Employment status was also significantly related to adherence (p = 0.039), with regression results (p = 0.039; OR = 3.125; 95% CI: 1.061–9.206), showing a positive association. Other variables, including gender, marital status, education, household position, JKN membership, and smoking habits, were not significantly associated. Conclusion: Age and employment status significantly influenced medication adherence among hypertensive patients. These findings emphasize the importance of age- and occupation-based interventions, such as adherence education for younger patients and time management strategies for employed individuals.
Introduction: Clinical competence is a fundamental component of nursing education; however, the concept remains inconsistently defined across contexts. This lack of clarity hampers effective teaching, assessment, and the development of shared competency standards. Objective: This study aimed to clarify the construct of clinical competence for prelicensure nursing students during clinical education and to identify its implications for the learning process and evaluation. Methods: This study employed Walker and Avant’s concept analysis systematically following the sequential steps of concept selection, multidisciplinary literature exploration, and identification of defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences. A literature review was conducted using Scopus, Proquest, Springer, and SAGE Journal. Searches conducted from January 2018-December 2023 identified 70 records, of which 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. The analysed literature encompassed multiple health-related disciplines, including nursing, digital health, medicine, midwifery, dentistry, allied health, physical therapy, and obstetrics. Results: Clinical competence is conceptualised as an integrative capability encompassing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, strengthened by advanced nursing skills, soft skills, leadership, and professionalism. These capabilities develop through formal education and supervised clinical experiences and are influenced by both educational contexts and individual factors. Clinically competent students can deliver safe, effective, high-quality care, maintain nursing standards, and perform efficiently in professional settings. Conclusion: This study provides a refined operational definition and key attributes of clinical competence, offering guidance for curriculum development, instructional strategies, and assessment practices in competency-based nursing education. The findings highlight the importance of standardised definitions to improve teaching quality and consistency in evaluating clinical competence
Background: Hajj is a physical and spiritual activity that demands excellent health conditions, especially for pilgrims with chronic disease risks such as diabetes mellitus. HbA1c levels are a key indicator for assessing long-term glycemic control, which is highly relevant in predicting the risk of complications during the pilgrimage. Objective: This study aimed to analyze HbA1c levels and identify its correlation with participant characteristics in pilgrims. Methods: This study used an analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, with a sample size of 185 pilgrims from South Halmahera Province. Data were collected using a questionnaire sheet and HbA1c examination. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Test. Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the variables tested (sig. value <0.05). There was a strong positive correlation with a correlation coefficient (r = 0.82) and a very high significance level (P-value< 0.0012). The r value indicates that the higher the Fasting Blood Sugar level of a worshiper, the higher the HbA1c level, reflecting poor long-term glycemic control. Conclusion: The conclusion in this study is that there is a strong and significant positive correlation between Fasting Blood Sugar levels and HbA1c levels in pilgrims of South Halmahera Province. These findings emphasize the importance of screening and strict glycemic management, both instantaneous and long-term blood sugar levels, as part of the pilgrims' health preparation to minimize health risks during the pilgrimage.
Background: Caregivers of breast cancer patients are at risk of experiencing a high caregiver burden due to prolonged physical, emotional, and social demands. Coping responses play an important role in determining how caregivers manage these challenges. Objective: The study aimed to analyze the relationship and caregiver burden in caring for breast cancer patients. Methods: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design involving 200 caregivers of breast cancer patients. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, good health status, active involvement in caregiving, and the ability to read Indonesian. Data were collected from August to December 2024 using a demographic questionnaire, the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), and the Indonesian version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Most caregivers with maladaptive coping experienced a high caregiver burden (79.8%), while only 20.2% of caregivers with adaptive coping reported a high burden. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant association between coping responses and caregiver burden (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Caregivers who used maladaptive coping strategies had a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing a high caregiver burden compared with those who used adaptive coping strategies. Coping responses are significantly associated with caregiver burden among caregivers of breast cancer patients. Strengthening adaptive coping strategies through caregiver-focused interventions is essential to reducing caregiver burden and supporting optimal patient care.
Background: Indonesia continues to face challenges related to the circulation of substandard and counterfeit medicines. Perception plays an important role in shaping medicine-use behavior among healthcare professionals and patients. Objective: To identify factors associated with and dominant determinants of perceptions of substandard and counterfeit medicines among physicians, pharmacists, and patients in healthcare facilities in DKI Jakarta Province. Methods: A mixed-methods study with an explanatory design was conducted among 300 respondents, including 100 patients, 100 pharmacists, and 100 physicians. Quantitative samples were selected using cluster random sampling, while qualitative participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression (α<0.10). Results: The factors most strongly associated with perceptions of substandard medicines were knowledge among patients (95%), information among pharmacists (77%), and age among physicians (5%). For counterfeit medicines, the strongest associated factors were knowledge among patients (94%), gender among pharmacists (29%), and education among physicians (29%). Multivariate analysis showed that information was the dominant factor influencing perceptions of substandard medicines among patients (OR=2.000), pharmacists (OR=2.164), and physicians (OR=1.382). Perceptions of counterfeit medicines were predominantly influenced by knowledge, information, and education, respectively. Conclusion: Factors influencing perceptions of substandard and counterfeit medicines vary across respondent groups. Strengthening knowledge, education, and access to accurate information may improve awareness of substandard and counterfeit medicines.
Background: Anemia remains a major global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where distinguishing Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) from Anemia of Inflamation (AI) remains diagnostically challenging. Hemoglobin alone cannot differentiate these conditions, necessitating more specific biomarkers. Serum ferritin, the primary iron-storage protein, reflects body iron reserves but is also elevated during inflammation through interleukin-6-mediated hepcidin induction. Objective: This review examines the dual role of ferritin as an iron biomarker and an inflammatory marker. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and the Cochrane Library with a ten-year publication limit. Of the 89 articles identified, only eight studies met the inclusion criteria and directly evaluated the relationship between ferritin, iron status, and inflammatory processes. Results: Ferritin remains a key indicator of iron reserves, but its interpretation needs to take into account the inflammatory status. Conclusion: The combination of ferritin with inflammatory biomarkers such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP)and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) improves the diagnostic accuracy for anemia related to both iron deficiency and inflammation.
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that substantially impairs social functioning and work productivity, leading to high unemployment rates and significant economic burdens for individuals, families, and society. Despite the importance of employment for recovery and quality of life, evidence regarding the predictors of work productivity among individuals with schizophrenia remains fragmented. Objective: This scoping review aimed to identify and map key factors associated with work productivity in individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: The review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across four electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCO. The search was limited to articles published between 2015 and 2025. Results: After systematic screening and feasibility assessment of 1,307, 10 studies were included in the final analysis, consisting of various research designs such as cross-sectional, longitudinal, cohort, randomized controlled trials, and case reports. The findings indicate that work productivity in individuals with schizophrenia is influenced by four main domains: cognitive function, motivation and psychological factors, family and social support, and work rehabilitation interventions. Conclusion: The findings work productivity among adults with schizophrenia is influenced by multiple interrelated factors, particularly cognitive function, motivation, family and social support, quality of life, and work rehabilitation. These findings support multidimensional assessment in clinical settings and recovery-oriented support in community and rehabilitation services to improve vocational outcomes.
Background: Opportunistic fungal infections such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus are increasing, particularly among immunocompromised patients. The use of synthetic antifungal agents is often limited by side effects, resistance, and high costs, thus alternatives from natural sources are needed. Rice straw (Oryza sativa L.), an agricultural by-product rich in bioactive compounds, has been reported to possess antibacterial activity; however, its potential as an antifungal agent has not been extensively investigated. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) extract against the growth of two pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Methods: The research was conducted experimentally in a laboratory with a quantitative approach. Extraction of rice straw was carried out using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solvents based on polarity differences. Antifungal activity was tested using the well diffusion method, with inhibition zone measurements as an indicator of effectiveness. Results: The results showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, as evidenced by the largest inhibition zones at a concentration of 7%. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated an average inhibition zone of 18.25 mm against Candida albicans and 12.83 mm against Aspergillus fumigatus. Conversely, the n-hexane fraction did not show antifungal activity. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among concentrations and fraction types. Conclusion: This study concludes that rice straw extract, particularly the ethyl acetate fraction, possesses potential as a natural antifungal agent effective against pathogenic fungi, and may be further developed for traditional plant-based therapy.
Background: Tissue preservation is a crucial procedure in pathological studies to maintain cellular and structural integrity, commonly performed through formalin fixation. However, formalin fixation may cause DNA degradation, posing challenges for molecular analysis. Detection of cancer biomarker genes, such as Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2), can be performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a technique for amplifying specific DNA fragments. Objective: This study aimed to determine the presence of the MDM2 gene in formalin-preserved tissues stored for different periods using PCR. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design with random sampling was employed. The study was conducted at the Anatomical Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories of Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional. Samples included 10 hair and nail tissues as controls, and formalin-fixed tissues stored for 2 days, 1 month, 2 months, and 8 years. DNA isolation was performed using the Geneaid gSYNC™ DNA Extraction Kit. DNA quality was assessed by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis, while concentration and purity were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. DNA concentrations ranged from 320–420 ng/µL, with purity ratios between 0.8 and 1.125. Results: The results showed that the MDM2 gene (178 bp amplicon) was detectable in tissues stored for up to 2 months but was not detected in tissues stored for 8 years. Conclusion: These findings indicate that storage duration affects the success of gene detection in formalin-fixed tissues.
Background: Excessive fat accumulation resulting from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure is the hallmark of obesity. The growing prevalence of obesity-associated T2DM has been attributed to changes in lifestyle patterns, sedentary behavior, and elevated anthropometric indicators, particularly BMI and waist circumference. Objective: This study aimed to analyze BMI and waist circumference among obese individuals with T2DM at Hamadi Health Center, Jayapura City. Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 92 participants, consisting of 46 obese individuals with T2DM and 46 obese individuals without T2DM. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test for normally distributed variables and the Mann–Whitney test for non-normally distributed variables. Results: Significant differences were observed between the case and control groups in height (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.005), glucose level (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001), HDL cholesterol (p=0.007), and insulin level (p<0.001). Conclusion: Obese individuals with T2DM exhibited significantly different metabolic and clinical profiles compared with obese individuals without diabetes. These findings emphasize the importance of metabolic monitoring and early risk assessment among obese populations.
Background: Unintended pregnancy (UP) is a reproductive health problem that can undermine psychological well-being, social functioning, and family dynamics, particularly marital interaction. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the extent to which social support and coping strategies predict the quality of marital interaction among couples experiencing UP. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed involving 200 couples from Bekasi City and Bekasi Regency, Indonesia, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews using standardized questionnaires and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The results showed that most couples reported low levels of social support and marital interaction, while coping strategies were generally at a moderate level. Social support had a significant positive effect on both coping strategies (p < 0.01) and marital interaction (p < 0.01), and coping strategies also had a significant positive effect on marital interaction (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of strengthening social support networks and enhancing adaptive coping skills to improve marital quality and foster family resilience in the context of unintended pregnancy.
