The multi-disciplinary field of microfluidics, popularly called lab-on-a-chip, is expanding, with recent technological advancements now enabling the commercialization of microfluidic medical devices, Exciting microfluidics research is being done in diverse areas of early cancer detection via liquid biopsy, target cell separation and enrichment, and point-ofcare diagnostics. The objective of this presentation is to discuss three key steps that FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) is taking to advance microfluidics-based medical devices: (i) facilitating innovation, (ii) understanding new technologies and applications, and (iii) developing test methodologies for supporting device evaluation. To facilitate innovation, FDA encourages companies to engage with us early in their product lifecycle. By incorporating a regulatory perspective in the design process through early interactions with FDA, before device design is finalized, high-quality medical devices have a greater likelihood to be on the U.S. market faster and more efficiently. Such interactions can also help companies avoid common pitfalls and device complications.For microfluidics to be an effective technology in the biomedical field and for us to better understand technology in the development pipeline, FDA would like to gather real-world data from health-care providers, end-users of devices, manufacturers and academia. By understanding the knowledge gaps and modes of failure in microfluidic devices, we can start to identify commonalities between different device types that may lead to development of standardized test methodologies and technical guidelines. Currently, our research efforts are focused on identifying challenges, assessing quality control and characterizing flow phenomena in cell sorting microfluidic systems. By designing, fabricating and testing microfluidic devices in our laboratory, we are uniquely positioned to support this high-impact and fast-growing industry. We are interested in strengthening collaborations in the microfluidics community to ensure that novel, safe and effective medical devices are readily available to patients in the U.S.
This paper explains the solar energy based charging mechanism to generate the power for charging the battery packs of electric vehicles (EV). Increasing availability and accessibility of charging stations is predicted to increase purchases of electric vehicles.Very recently, Electric vehicles have been rapidly gaining popularity as they are an eco-friendly alternative to gasoline driven cars. According to a report by International Energy Agency, the global Electric Vehicle ownership has shown a rapid growth of 54% from 2016 to 2017. A specialised system containing an electrical control system is proposed using MATLAB and SIMULINK. A system was designed for improving the interaction among electric-vehicle charging points and battery storage system in which electrical control system assists in developing the correct duty cycle in order to stabilise and regulate the voltage at the DC/DC power conversion station. This idea, in future, may help protect our fuels from getting extinguished. All recent electric vehicles present drive on AC power supplied motor.
Lanthanide-doped fluoride up-converting nanoparticles (UCNPs) represent the imaging contrast agents which hold great potential for overcoming existing problems associated with traditionally used dyes, proteins and quantum dots. Over the last decade, decomposition of organometallic compounds has been indicated as one of the most convenient method for the synthesis of monodisperse NaYF4:Yb/Er UCNPs. Still, their biological application is restricted due to the fact that such synthesis must be followed by SiO2 encapsulation or ligands exchange to render them biocompatible. Herein, one-step polymer assisted solvothermal route is used for in situ synthesis of amino- or carboxyl- functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs that have hydrophilic surface capable for conjugation of biomolecules. Structural, morphological and optical properties of particles revealed nucleation of the cubic (Fm-3m) or hexagonal (P63/m) phases in spherical and elongated nanoparticles, respectively. UCNPs up-conversion efficiency was determined by measuring the intensity of blue (at 408 nm, due to 2H9/2 →4I11/2 transition)Green (at 520 i 540 nm, due to 2H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2 transitions) and red (at 655 nm, due to 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition) emission after excitation by NIR (iﾂ・not; =980 nm) light and calculating (X,Y) CIE chromatic coordinates. UCNPs cytotoxicity and cell labeling capability was tested in vitro toward oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, which early stages are asymptomatic and very similar to other mucosal diseases. Having in mind that great majority of investigations is focused on cancer cell testing, the potential cytotoxicity of UCNPs was additionally tested against human gingival cells (HGC) isolated from healthy gingival tissue. Low cytotoxicity against HGC and a dose dependent viability of OSCC indicates that these might be promising candidates for targeted therapy of cancer. A facile approach presented in this study may be extended to the synthesis of UCNPs with other biocompatible ligands raising at that way their use in biomedicine.
Statement of the Problem: The present work provides method of quick production of highly porous Nano cellulose with uniformly spherical (CNS) and fibrous (NFCs) morphology from a waste biomass. The conventional methods used for synthesis of cellulose nano spheres (especially) are so far time consuming and utilize a main hydrolysis treatment of fibrous macro and microstructures in which high concentration H2SO4, H2SO4/HCl acid or enzymatic process is followed that utilize acids with concentration up to 64%. Due to which different factors from environment to characteristic properties of individual Nano cellulose remain affected. But in this study synthesis of hollow Nano spheres involves sulphur free method along with mechanical treatment to produce CNS and NFCs directly from defibrillated MFCs of waste biomass. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In place of conventional methods involving high concentration acid hydrolysis (mostly mediated by sulphuric acid), a combination of physico-chemical methods was used that in addition with intrinsic properties of the raw material helped producing speedy release of nanospheres from MFCs during high shear mechanical treatment.Statement of the Problem: The present work provides method of quick production of highly porous Nano cellulose with uniformly spherical (CNS) and fibrous (NFCs) morphology from a waste biomass. The conventional methods used for synthesis of cellulose nano spheres (especially) are so far time consuming and utilize a main hydrolysis treatment of fibrous macro and microstructures in which high concentration H2SO4, H2SO4/HCl acid or enzymatic process is followed that utilize acids with concentration up to 64%. Due to which different factors from environment to characteristic properties of individual Nano cellulose remain affected. But in this study synthesis of hollow Nano spheres involves sulphur free method along with mechanical treatment to produce CNS and NFCs directly from defibrillated MFCs of waste biomass. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: In place of conventional methods involving high concentration acid hydrolysis (mostly mediated by sulphuric acid), a combination of physico-chemical methods was used that in addition with intrinsic properties of the raw material helped producing speedy release of nanospheres from MFCs during high shear mechanical treatment.
When we look at one’s career progression today, it goes something like this. Find passion, master the skills needed to pursuit passion, learn through trial and error, perfect one’s skills, become aware of big ideas, proliferate ideas through leadership and make a global impact. In simpler words, do what you love and outsource what you don’t. This approach has led humanity towards ever evolving progress, prosperity and technological marvels. However, it still leaves humanity with winners and losers and we finally have the right tools to improve our story. Instead of doing what we love and outsourcing what we do not, we automate the undesirable. This approach leads us to the tipping point, the transition from type zero to type one civilization (see Kardashev scale), we are moving from human doing to human being. I will tell you a story, enriched with animated visuals from my experience in leading a half a million-dollar private footwear and apparel company towards automation, by simplifying the product creation process into clean steps, rewritten as algorithms to be fed to machine learning mechanisms on phase one. Next, the machines will breed between digitally human created 3d CAD models, similar to how nature breeds us and everything alive. Finally, bring in artificial intelligence to bridge the gap between creator and benefactor (client) allowing everyone involved to seamlessly influence the product throughout its entire life-cycle. 1. Digitized - we take all physical existing shoes and new ideas and make digital twins (a 3D CAD model that contains all of the material, properties, pricing and production information within one unifying file.) 2. Deceptive - although it takes longer to prepare a digital twin in comparison to traditional shoe making, this twin can be used for more than the end product. It can be used for 3D visualization, presale, AR, VR, MR, Holograms, and other things that we haven’t even thought of. 3. Disruptive - when the day comes where additive manufacturing outperforms subtractive manufacturing and when people buy files to make the product rather than the product, the files themselves are the asset. Files are free to transfer, they need a tiny fraction of storage as they live on the cloud, (but we need physical servers somewhere), they are fluid and can adapt to incoming data, (think of custom shoes for every human being that matches each person’s foot scan data and so on. 4. Demonetized - as creator tools and shoe knowledge becomes vast and free on the internet. There will be a tsunami of designs flooding the market and most of them will be free for people to download and make at home.
Over recent years, vehicle connectivity progressed considerably, pushed by technological advancements and pulled by more demanding consumers. This article explores the associated challenges and opportunities for incumbent car manufacturers. While connectivity opens opportunities to create additional profits, incumbents will only be able to capture these if they manage to close capability gaps and shorten vehicle lifecycles. Customers demand more recent vehicle technology to utilise connectivity features like continuous over-the-air vehicle updates effectively.
In vivo study mechanical properties of facial skin mainly composed of epidermal, dermis and hypodermis, especially the development of experimental devices and the optimization of experimental methods are very important. In this study, a set of facial skin and soft tissue mechanical properties measurement equipment is developed, which is composed of indentation and friction device and properly combined with three cameras CCD. One CCD connected transparent indenter is used to observe the contact area and the topography of the test area. The other two acquire the image around the test area during the experiment and then obtained the deformation field by using digital image correlation technology. This device can not only obtain the force-displacement curve, but also observe the morphology of the test area and the deformation of the surrounding test area. It can be obtained the mechanical properties of the facial soft tissue more accurately. Compared with the formulas in classical Hertz theory, the contact force calculated by the new formula is in better agreement with the experimental results. We performed the in vivo indentation tests on human facial skin to evaluate the Young’s modulus. A better understanding of the adhesive behavior of human facial skin is important for dermatological or cosmetic applications. The real contact radii of human facial skin under different conditions were obtained by indentation experiments on the six volunteers and their adhesive behavior is studied. Except the adhesion forces under different conditions, we also compared the theoretical adhesion energy and theoretical debonded radius with the experimental results. Considering that hyperelastic model is usually more suitable for skin research, we revise the classical elastic adhesion theory (JKR theory) based on Neo-hookean model and the contact radii obtained by the modified hyperelastic adhesion theory model shows a better agreement with the experimental values.
Two-dimensional layered materials such as garphene, MoS2 and WSe2 have attracted considerable interest in recent times as semiconductor after Si and becoming an important material platform in condensed matter physics and modern electronics and optoelectronics. The studies to date however generally rely on mechanically exfoliated flakes which always be limtited to simple 2D materals, especially 2D lateral complicated structure can not be perpared through exfoliation strategy. Much like the traditional semiconductor technique, complicated structure such as controlling the space distribution of composition and electronic structure of two dimensional semiconductor material is essential to construct all modern electronic and optoelectronic devices, including transistors, p???n diodes, photovoltaic/photodetection devices, light-emitting diodes and laser diodes. And many physics phenomenon can only appear in more complicated structure. To fully explore the potential of this new class of materials, it is necessary to develop rational synthetic strategies of two dimensional lateral complicated struture, such as lateral heterostructure, multiheterostructure, superlattice, quantum well etc., With a relatively small lattice mismatch (~4%) between MoS2 and MoSe2 or WS2 and WSe2, it is possible to produce coherent MoS2???MoSe2 and WS2???WSe2 heterostructures through a lateral epitaxial process (Fig. 1a). Our studies indicate that simple sequential growth often fails to produce the desired heterostructures because the edge growth front can be easily passivated after termination of the first growth and exposure to ambient conditions. To retain a fresh, unpassivated edge growth front is important for successive lateral epitaxial growth. To this end, we have designed a thermal CVD process that allows in situ switching of the vapour-phase reactants to enable lateral epitaxial growth of single- or few-layer TMD lateral heterostructures. We used this technique to realize the growth of compositionally modulated MoS2??? MoSe2 and WS2???WSe2 lateral heterostructures. From the Fig. 1 b,c,d,e we can see the formation of WS2???WSe2 lateral heterostructures clearly. The WS2???WSe2 lateral heterostuctures with both p- and n-type characteristics can also allow us to construct many other functional devices, for example, a CMOS inverter. Fig. 1g is the optical image of the invert constructed using the WS2???WSe2 lateral heterostuctures and the curves of the output???input and the voltage gain. The voltage gain reaches as large as 24. In a typical sequential-growth process for 2D lateral heterostructure, the excessive thermal degradation or uncontrolled nucleation duringthe temperature swing between sequential growthsteps represents the key obstacle to reliable formation of monolayer heterostructure or other lateral complicated structure .We designed a modified CVD system.We used a reverse flow from the substrate to the source during the temperature swing between successive growth steps A forward flow from the chemical vapor sourcewas only applied at the exact growth temperature. With such reverse flow, the existing monolayer materials will not exposure to high temperature and chemical vapor source at the tempreture increasing and decreasing steps to minimize thermal degradation and eliminate uncontrolled homogeneous nucleation. With a high degree of controllability in each step, the integrity and quality of monolayer heterostructures can be well preserved after multiple sequential growth steps. We used our approach initially for the general synthesis of a wide range of 2D crystal heterostructures. We also grew more complex compositionally modulated superlattices or multiheterostructures, the number of periods and repeated spacing can be readily varied during growth. HADDF-STEM analysis of the atomic structure of the lateral heterostructures and Multiheterostructures show the atomically sharp interface can be clearly observed.
The present project discusses the design and implementation of automotive charging system by alternation of solar panel and alternator in KIGALI-RWANDA. The project aim is to design the system which will prevent the problem of jump starting the vehicle especially ones with automatic transmission which is has the problem of not allowing the push starting. Furthermore, apart from the charging system, this solar panel will continue to supply all vehicle electrical systems even if the battery of the vehicle is not present. This system serves as a clean source of energy and will not damage the environment since it uses renewable energy. For that purpose, the researcher used various methods and techniques of research such as documentation, primary and secondary data collection. This system is composed of different components such as: Alternator and solar panel as the source of electrical energy to charge the battery, the controller, the relay to alternate the current from both sources and the battery to store the electrical energy.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) it is the best way to transform customer requirements and needs into quality characteristics and develop and design quality products. In comparison, globalization has led to an increase in competition in the automobile market. All this drives companies to shorten their product development cycles while boosting innovation while reviewing the existing product. This research article presents some methodologies for accelerating mechanical design and development using knowledge-based techniques to modify the automotive glove box.
Bulk V2O5 is a diamagnetic semiconductor with a band gap (Eg) of about 2.3 eV, which is based on the ionic configuration with filled O2p and unoccupied V3d orbitals. However, the special electronic structure of V2O5 forms three bands, including V3d states, V3d split-off states and mid-gap states, which lead to interesting optical properties of V2O5 micro-nanostructures. Therefore, the band edge absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) peak positions of low-dimensional V2O5 material are not coincident. In this study, the fabrication processes, structure, optical characterization and photocatalytic activity of V2O5 micronanostructures, including thin films, nanoparticles, micro-nanorods, micro-nanowires, nanospheres, Nanohollows (NHs) and V2O5/RGO nanocomposites were summarized and analyzed. The wide ranges of band edge absorption and broad PL of V2O5 micro-nanostructures are clarified in terms of factors such as the morphology, synthesis method, growth conditions, micronano size and phase transition. The relations among the separation, diffusion, recombination and degradation of the electronhole pairs in V2O5 micro-nanostructures are also studied. The formation of α-V2O5 films occurred when the sample was annealed at temperatures below 500 °C. As the annealing temperature increases, some of the α-V2O5 structures were distorted and restructured to form a high-quality mixture ofα-β phase V2O5. This leads to wide absorption and enhancement of the visible-light. A larger number of V4+ oxidation states of V2O5 nanospheres strongly enhanced PL intensity compared with other structures that showed weak PL. In particular, V2O5 nanospheres showed intense Ultraviolet (UV) PL near 395 nm (3.14 eV) due to strong excitation by UV light, while this PL peak was not observed from other nanostructures. A large amount of charge separation in V2O5 nanospheres and the large surface contact area in V2O5 nanohollows and nanoparticles result in more efficient photocatalytic activity than from V2O5 micro-nanorods and micro-nanowires.
A CAN-based integrated sensing system, which can auto control the car window’s opening/closing status by the integrated consideration of rain and toxic gases presence inside the vehicle’s cabin, is implemented in this work. The ability of this single system to decide the closing/opening of windows during both rainfall and the presence of a high amount of toxic gases, adds to the smarter automation and cost-effectiveness. Two STM microcontrollers (MCs) are used out of which, one works to sense the rainfall/existence of hazardous gases, and another works to control power windows based on the sensed information by the first MC. The data collected by the sensor MC is sent to the actuator MC through CAN bus protocol. The gas sensor used in this work is MQ9, which mainly measures carbon monoxide (CO) and other flammable gases. A resistive rain sensor is used to detect rainfall.
Our rational mind can expand its understanding consequentially always from a beginning which is considered an unquestionable truth, while it can never curve back and confirm the original assumption or truth. This renders the rational mind linear, while also clearly stating that nothing can qualify as truth. In order to understand this better please consider that every attempt by the mind to stipulate a theory has a beginning, while no such beginning has ever been confirmed. So, Euclid’s geometry is based on axioms that cannot be confirmed. Physics also is inaugurated by the notion of objective reality, while quantum mechanics clearly shows that observation affects the phenomenon, rendering objective reality unfounded, at least partly. The theory of relativity is based on the assumption that the speed of light is constant, but no theoretical work has ever confirmed such a belief. In fact, even Einstein doubted such a truth. Philosophy also is inaugurated by the assumption that truth is included in the linear description expanded by the philosopher, but such truth has never been found. To the extent that philosophy is unable to define truth.The meaning of order explains that the notion of truth is necessarily demanded by our rational mind in order to expand its consequential and linear interpretation of reality, while in fact no such truth exists The beginning of time is such a truth, by which our rational mind can provide a consequential description of reality, a narration of its cosmogony, while such a linear account of reality can never understand the findings of quantum mechanics. Understanding that time is unbounded, just like the mathematical time, is the greatest challenge of our times, by which everything becomes clear. Such understanding necessarily delivers the following aphorisms. • Unarguably, physics is forever digging deeper and deeper into subatomic space in order to find the beginning by which everything can be explained linearly, but in vain as there is no beginning.• Philosophy to its capacity does the same thing. • Biology also, where despite its vigorous analysis of the organism, is unable to clearly define illness and therapy, only rehabilitation has been achieved. Physics is correct in concluding that everything in the universe amounts to zero, expressed by the theory of the Big Bang where everything is derived from zero. The beginning of time, though, is only an unsophisticated assumption that allows our mind to build a mechanistic description of reality, while quantum mechanics clearly states that reality is also non-mechanistic. Cosmogony also, by its etymology, demands the birth of reality in time, while the meaning of order explains that the notion of the beginning of time is a limitation of the linearity of our mind, by which identity is inaugurated and upheld in a universe whose origin is not defined in time. The meaning of order presents reality as the mathematical first derivative of timelessness. This means that the aggregate ensemble of everything is at all times zero, or else, that the integral of reality over all time is zero. Such understanding delivers a new model for the universe, which immediately explains the observed turbulence in all levels of magnification. Such understanding demands that reality hosts no constants, while constancy is achievable, just as the existence of an atom of an inert gas clearly shows. Science, on the other hand, believes - due to the notion of the beginning of time - that constancy cannot be achieved, while also that constants which are synonymous to truth are a reality. Such analysis presents many derivatives in all sciences. The whereabouts of antimatter and dark matter will clearly be shown in the provided model of the universe, derived from the fact the reality is the mathematical first derivative of timelessness. The nature of a black hole will be exhibited as an entity created by inverted space where only antimatter can reside stably. As a result of this, one can only interpret Gamma Radiation Bursts as jets of antimatter.
This talk is on three techniques recently developed at HKU that use bioinspired microstructures to precisely manipulate liquids: water collecting, liquid repelling, and droplet capturing/releasing. Unique structural and topological features of spider-silks and their web enable them being a super water collector witnessed by a large number of water droplets handing on them in the early morning. With the microfluidic technology, we have precisely fabricated robust microfibers with spindle cavity-knots and different topological fiber-networks in mimicking these features. These microfibers are endowed with unique surface roughness, mechanical strength, and long-term durability, thus enabling a super performance in collecting water. The maximum water volume collected on a single knot is almost 495 times the knot volume; the water collection is even more efficient and scalable with their networks. These light-weighted yet tough, lowcost microfibers offer promising opportunities for water collection in water-deficient areas. Liquid-repellent surfaces repel liquids instead of allowing droplets to adhere. These surfaces are important in many fields including self-cleaning clothes and kitchenware, enhanced heat transfer, and antifouling, anti-corrosive and drag reduction coatings. The dream of research and development on liquid-repellents is a structure that has robust liquid repellency, strong mechanical stability, and is inexpensive to produce on a commercial scale. However, the functional outcomes of existing liquid-repellent surfaces have not been satisfactory, because of inadequacies of conventional structural design and fabrication approaches in engineering microstructures and properties of such surfaces. We developed a lowcost scalable approach for the fabrication of well-defined porous surfaces with robust liquid repellency and strong mechanical stability. The design of the liquid-repellent surfaces is inspired by structures on springtail cuticles, which can effectively resolve the longstanding conflict between the liquid repellency and the mechanical stability. Springtails are soil-dwelling arthropods whose habitats often experience rain and flooding. As a consequence, springtails have evolved cuticles with strong mechanical durability and robust liquid repellency to resist friction from soil particles and to survive in watery environments. We design the porous surfaces to be composed of interconnected honeycomb-like microcavities with a reentrant profile: the interconnectivity ensures mechanical stability and the re-entrant structure yields robust liquid repellency. The cuticle-like porous surfaces are fabricated by self-assembly using microfluidic droplets, which takes full advantage of the capabilities of microfluidics in terms of scalability and precise-handling of small fluid volumes. The generation of these cuticle-like porous surfaces using microfluidics has led to precise, controllable, scalable, and inexpensive fabrication. Some semiaquatic insects can readily walk on water and climb up menisci slope due to the dense hair mat and retractable claws of complementary wettability on their tarsi. Inspired by this, we created a mechano-regulated surface whose adhesive force to liquid droplets can be simply switched through mechanical regulation. The mechano-regulated surface functions as a “magic hand” that can capture and release multiple tiny droplets precisely in a loss-free manner, and works for both water and oil droplets down to nano-litre scale. These surfaces are relevant and crucial in various high-precision fields such as medical diagnosis and drug discovery where the precise transferring of tiny liquid is a must. Learning from nature paves the way for creating nano/microstructures with unique features to interact with liquids on-demand. Small yet powerful, these structures can manipulate liquids effectively and precisely. With these techniques, water may be gathered directly from the air in deserts, no more laundry may become true, and liquids can be conveniently handled like solids.
Tara tannins (TT) are hydrolysable tannins, requiring aldehydes to form resins. They are generally used to treat leather, but other higher added-value applications are possible. In this study, we used TT as precursor of mesoporous materials by mixing with Pluronic F127 and various aldehydes, which increased the carbon yield but reduced the textural characteristics of the resultant carbons. However, blending Tara tannin together with Mimosa tannin (MT), Pluronic F127 and water allowed obtained highly microporous-mesoporous materials without using any aldehyde. We followed three approaches for the synthesis of mesoporous carbons: We mixed TT, Pluronic F127 (P) and 37.1 wt. % formaldehyde (F) solution in a PM100 (RESTCH) planetary ball miller for 1h with different P/TT and F/TT weight ratios. When TT was directly submitted to pyrolysis, the resultant carbon was purely microporous and had limited texture development, the BET areas (ABET) was only 111 m2/g while those materials including P and F were micro-mesoporous. F addition improved the mesostructuration but reduced ABET. F addition also increased the carbon yield from 20 (0 g) to 45% (2g). P addition increased the mesoporous and total pore volumes while microporous volumes remaining unchanged. The mesoporous carbons had ABET values ranging from 212 to 536 m2/g. We used different aldehydes instead of using F in order to have a greener synthesis approach: 97 wt. % furfural (Fur), 40 wt. % glyoxal (G) or 50 wt. % glutaraldehyde (GA) solutions. Mechanical mixing was applied as described above. When using TT with GA, Fur or G, higher ABET than that determined when using F were obtained, but the carbon yields were also lower that those obtained with F. A good compromise was obtained with Fur, which led to ABET of 836 m2/g and to a carbon yield of 20.6%, compared to 362 m2/g and 40.1%, respectively, when using F. We mixed TT with MT, in different weight ratios, and with P and water (W). The total amount of tannin (T) was kept to 2 g, whereas P and W were set to 0.75 and 1.75 g, respectively. Mechanical mixing was applied as described above. When mixing TT with MT, carbon yield, linearly decreased, from 50.3 to 22.2% indicating that there is no interaction between TT and MT. Adding TT also induced disorder but the mesopore volume progressively increased to a maximum obtained for equal amounts of TT and MT, 1 g of each. This approach is the greenest of the three presented here because it allowed mesostructuration of the final carbon material without using any aldehyde.
With the evolution of mobile processor technology and applied features in artificial intelligence, especially in machine learning area allows us to create autonomous driving cars as a reality in our lives. With the acceptance of a car very familiar like a weapon in most of the cultures, autonomous driver engines always seek to protect the owner of the car??s life in case of any accident or immediate decision making progress while driving. This different vendors and different structured AI engines has its own ethic principles and survive thrills so within a manned drive and unmanned autonomous drive car, hybrid environment becomes a drastic problem to evaluate the contradictions and coordination rules. Here a question arises like in case of an accident between two autonomous cars, insurance companies will subject to charge the other side according to which principle? They will subject to same principles and regulations with the manned drive car or we should evaluate a new justice system for AI Engines. If any of driver does not apply the latest updates for his car and AI Engine that severally responsibility to the owner/driver or manufacturer? Also in disaster scenarios or emergency situations we need a centralized management platform to overrule internal AI Engine survive codes and optimization rules that just motives its own vehicle. So we need to identify an interactive communication, listening, ordering and obeying rules that will manipulate the whole traffic. Let??s assume an English autonomous car driving in New York, like the song I am an alien a legal alien I am an English man in New York. Tomorrow will not be easy and technological barriers and engineering problems are just the beginning we need more interaction from philosophy, sociology, anthropology and ethics to create a better organized human, humanoid, android, AI world. In our university we create a multidisciplinary project team to evolve the tomorrow??s world with the tomorrows adults Generation Z and Generation AI. We would like to build cooperation with other universities and institutes for these studies. In my Innovation in technology management class we are creating a framework for autonomous car and social/legal implications.
Objective: To measure visual acuity in high contrast and low contrast sensitivities in different grades of visible light transmission films in three different positions (front, lateral and rear windows).Methods: Forty-four healthy volunteers between 30-75 y-o, with BCVA better than 0,5, were tested in the 5 following vehicles with different grades of visible light transmission films.Vehicle 1: 75% in the front and 70% in the lateral and rear windows; Vehicle 2: 70% in the front and lateral windows and 28% in the rear; Vehicle 3: 70% in the front, 28% in the lateral and 15% rear; Vehicle 4: 35% in all 3 windows; Vehicle 5: 50% in the front, 20% in the lateral and 15% in the rear.Descriptive statistics were used and the average of the 3 measurements of VA was considered.Wilcoxon Test was applied to compare the average visual acuity in each vehicle and position.P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: According to the Brazilian Traffic Regulations for driving in categories C/D/E, when low contrast was tested in the front window, all visible light transmissions were borderline, in the lateral window they were all outside the limit, while in the rear window for both low and high contrast, all visible light transmissions tested were outside the limit and also borderline for driving in categories A/B, with the exception of the vehicle with visible light transmission of 35%. Conclusion:Visual acuity is affected, especially in the rear window, by the use of automotive films.The study is an alert that window films is a possible cause of accidents and may contribute to the revision of traffic regulations worldwide.
Urban travel generally have significant adverse health and environmental impacts. Research studies found that transport users are becoming more aware of the necessity to reduce carbon emissions, however, they are not willing to change their travel behavior mainly because of the inability to perceive the associated social and private costs. In practice, fuel consumption and emissions costs have a minor effect, if any, on travel-choice behavior. The fundamental reasons are that drivers do not perceive fuel consumption costs as out-of-pocket costs and they usually do not have intelligible information about the substantial health-related implications of emissions. These costs can be perceived using an information communication system, called Advanced Traveler Information System (ATGIS). The system calculates, estimates and provides information regarding effects to different user groups. By raising the driver awareness regarding the social and environmental consequences of travel, a carefully designed scheme can provide considerable benefits for large metropolitan areas, where small positive changes in travel behavior could save millions of dollars in time, fuel and emissions costs. In this talk, I examine the influence of offering such information on individuals??? travel decisions examining real-life driving patterns and a survey we conducted in Montreal, Canada. We found that urban travelers are generally unaware of the energy and environmental footprints of their travel. Over 80% are unable to estimate their fuel consumption, GHG social costs and healthrelated air pollution costs across different travel modes. A personalized information system could fundamentally influence travel decisions especially route choices. This research thread will also play an important role in efforts to estimate transport-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from major metropolitan areas and to calculate annual national GHG inventory to meet UNFCCC obligations. Moreover, it would be beneficial to provincial governments and/ or environmental agencies, as it indicates the feasibility of a low cost energy management system that saves energy, preserves environment and induces sustainable energy consumption decisions.
Tungsten disulfide nanotubes (INTs-WS2) are extremely hydrophobic and chemically inert inorganic nanomaterials. This feature quite strongly limits their usefulness in numerous mechanical hardness and tribology-relating research developments and subsequent industrial/bio-active end-applications. Thus, the covalent versatile linkage of any kind of functional organic and/or biology-relating species remains a quite critical developmental step towards highly innovative high-performance nanomaterials and multiphase composites in the field of essential interfacial versatile chemistries. In such a highly challenging methodology/ functionalization issue context concerning these chemically inert hydrophobic nanomaterials, an innovative method of surface functionalization (versatile polycarboxylation ??? polyCOOH shell formation) of multi-walled inorganic nanotubes (INTs-WS2) and fullerene-like (IFs-WS2) nanoparticles has been successfully developed. This covalent functionalization method makes use of highly electrophilic and reactive imminium salts (Vilsmeier-Haack (VH) complexes-reactions) in order to enable the introduction of a chemically versatile polyacidic (polyCOOH) shell onto the surface of VH-treated inorganic nanomaterials. Moreover, a significant statistical Design Of Experiments (DoE) method has been also involved for global optimization of this multi-parametric polyCOOH shell generation. This novel INTs-nanotube sidewall polyCOOH functionalization enabled innovative-targeted interfacial chemistries. Indeed, it enabled the effective nanofabrication of a wide range of covalent WS2-INTs surface modifications (polyNH2, polyOH, polySH) via (i) polyCOOH chemical activation (EDC, CDI) and (ii) 2nd step covalent nucleophilic substitutions by short -aminated bifunctional ligands H2N-linker-X (X outer surface functionality). Moreover, an additional innovative surface engineering methodology for same multi-walled inorganic nanotubes (INTs-WS2) has been also discovered via use of small 5.5-6.0 nm-sized lanthanide action/complex-doped magnetic maghemite nanoparticles towards corresponding magnetically responsive inorganic nanotubes for photo-thermal therapy (PTT) anti-cancer bioactivity. Resulting fully characterized functional INTs-WS2 (f-INTs-WS2) have a quite wide potential for use as novel functional nanoscale fillers toward new mechanically strengthened and/or conductive composite polymeric matrices (case of hybrid polythiophenedecorated f-INTs-WS2 nanocomposites, Figure 1). Corresponding novel functional nanomaterials/nanoscale fillers have been also shown to be PTT bioactive and non-toxic in preliminary toxicity studies, which opens a wide R&D route/progress for relating end-user applications (cellular toxic CNTs nanofillers replacement for example).
