ABSTRACT Mycobacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms that are found in the environment, particularly in water and soil. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) comprise a group that are distinct from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae. Traditionally, they are classified according to their in vitro growth rate into rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM). Host–mycobacteria interactions are diverse, ranging from commensalism as well as primary and opportunistic pathogenic behavior. We report the case of a 34-year-old female who developed subcutaneous nodules, inflammation, and abdominal deformity following mesotherapy at an unaccredited aesthetic clinic. Mycobacterium thermoresistibile was isolated from clinical specimen and the patient was successfully treated with a triple-antibiotic regimen. Key words: Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection, Mesotherapy, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile
ABSTRACT The therapeutic landscape of atopic dermatitis (AD) has traditionally focused on anti-inflammatory and barrier-repair strategies. Recent advances in microbiome science highlight the potential of postbiotics is non-viable microbial derivatives with functional activity as targeted therapeutic tools. This review synthesizes current evidence, introduces the Postbiotic Efficacy Hierarchy (PEH), and outlines a translational roadmap for integrating postbiotics into AD management. Key words: Atopic eczema, Atopic dermatitis, Diet, Skin barrier, Skin microbiome, Postbiotics
ABSTRACT The digital age has profoundly reshaped the concepts of beauty, self-image, and skin health. Social media platforms, beauty-enhancing filters, and influencer culture now play pivotal roles in forming public perceptions. This review explores the psychological consequences of digitally distorted skin ideals, the emergence of phenomena such as “Snapchat dysmorphia,” the influence of “skinfluencers,” and the rising relevance of psychodermatology. Additionally, the growing obsession with skincare itself—often leading to harm—is examined. By integrating dermatologic expertise with psychiatric insights, clinicians may better address the evolving needs of patients in a world where the line between real and virtual beauty increasingly blurs. Key words: Psychodermatology, Social media filters, Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Background: Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nails caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophytes molds. It leads to nail discoloration, thickening and represents an important public health concern due to its chronic nature, recurrence and impact quality of life. Objective: To study the clinical and mycological features of onychomycosis and their relation to age and sex. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-five patients with the clinically suspected diagnosis of onychomycosis attending, dermatology department Benghazi- Libya over a period of one year (2023-2024). All cases were carefully examined including detailed disease history and complete dermatological examination. Nail samples were collected for mycological tests including direct microscopic examination using potassium hydroxide (KOH) 20%and culturing on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar, containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Results: Out of a total of 135 patients, 119 patients were diagnosed with onychomycosis including 96 (80.7%) females and 23 (19.3%) males. Finger nail fungal infections were more common than toe nail infections (65.5%) and (18.5%) respectively, and significant increase in incidence of finger nail onychomycosis among females than males 74% and 30.4% respectively. distal lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) was predominant clinical type of onychomycosis in both fingernails and toenails (42.3%) and (45.5%) respectively. Direct microscopic examination was positive in 37% of the patients, and both direct microscopic and culture was positive in 37.8% of patients. Both Candida and non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) were the most common pathogens isolated, (37%) followed by dermatophytes (26%). Conclusions: onychomycosis was more common among females with fingernail involvement predominating. The DLSO type was the most common clinical pattern. Candida albicans, Aspergillus nigra and Trichophyton Tonsurans were the main causative agents.
Background: Hair dye dermatitis is a common, increasingly frequent dermatological problem that can be seen as localized or generalized dermatitis with different clinical patterns such as lichenoid photosensitivity, dermatitis, and angioedema. Objective: The aim of the present study was to do a full clinical and epidemiological assessment of patients with hair dye dermatitis within a limited period of time. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive case study that began in January 2014 and ended in December 2022, aiming to record all cases of hair dye dermatitis during this period. Full epidemiological and demographic features were recorded. Also, history taking and clinical examination of the patients were performed. Biopsies were taken for histopathological assessment. Results: A total of 234 patients with hair dye dermatitis were analyzed and assessed; their ages ranged from 32 to 60 years, with a mean of 50 years, with 189 (80.8%) males and 45 (19.2%) females, with a ratio of 4:1. All patients had applied black hair dye. The frequency of these cases among years showed an upsurge-curve as follows: 2014: 6 (2.6%), 2015: 12 (5.1%), 2016: 42 (17.9%), 2017:50 (21.4%), 2018: 42 (17.9%), 2019: 33 (14.2%), 2020: 13 (5.5%), March 2021: 6 (2.6%). The years 2020 and 2021 could be excluded because of COVID-19, while the year 2022 included 30 (12.8%) cases. The sites of rash were as follows: face in 159 (67.9%); neck and V area of the chest in 120 (51.2%); scalp in 60 (25.6%); limbs and trunk in 60 (25.6%) patients. The patterns of facial rash were acute angioedema in 32 (13.7%) cases, erythematous dermatitis in 36 (15.4%), and pigmented lichenoid photodermatitis in 166 (70.9%). This chronic state exactly mimics chronic actinic dermatitis. In addition, 102 (43.6%) patients had facial melanosis as separate or combined with other features of hair dye dermatitis. The histopathological assessment showed features of acute and chronic dermatitis. Conclusion: There was a sharp rise-decline curve in black hair dye dermatitis within six years. It was a disease of middle-aged male patients, and the most common presentation was chronic pigmented lichenoid photodermatitis with or without extrafacial involvement, and the clinical picture was similar to chronic actinic dermatitis. Many patients presented mainly with facial melanosis. Black hair dye dermatitis is now a great mimicker disease, hence any adult patient with dermatitis and hair dye dermatitis should be excluded.
Background: Melanoma of the skin is responsible for the majority of deaths related to skin cancer globally, and its occurrence has been increasing over the past decades. There are four major clinical subtypes of cutaneous melanoma: superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular melanoma (NM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). The clinical and pathological features differ between melanoma subtypes. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare demographic and pathological features to provide additional data on melanoma. Methods: Patients who underwent excision at Izmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Türkiye, and were diagnosed with cutaneous malignant melanoma were searched in the pathology archive. Files covering the 20-year period from 2006 to 2025 were reviewed. The patients’ sex, age, melanoma clinical type, localization, and Breslow thickness were compared. Results: A total of 313 patients with 318 malignant melanomas were identified. Trunk distribution for men and leg and finger subungual locations for women were statistically significant (P<0.001). ALM type was the third most common type (18.2%), after SSM (36.8%) and NM (28.9%). The plantar region shares the second-most-common location (18.9%) with the trunk (18.9%), after the head and neck (30.2%). Conclusion: Melanoma occurred more frequently on the trunk in men and on the legs in women. Attention should also be given to the plantar region in addition to a thorough evaluation of all body regions. The higher incidence of finger subungual melanoma in women necessitates further research
Nicolau syndrome is a rare adverse effect occurring after injections. The purpose of this observation was to report on a new case with a view to implementing preventive measures. A 32-year-old man consulted at the Dermatology Department of the Teaching Hospital of Bouaké for inflammatory swelling of the entire left lower limb following an intramuscular injection of 2.4 million international units of benzathine penicillin administered into the left thigh. Mucocutaneous examination revealed livedoid dermatitis of the left thigh associated with inflammatory swelling of the left lower limb. Neuromuscular examination revealed paresis of the entire left lower limb with contracture of the left quadriceps. CPK and LDH were elevated. The diagnosis of left Nicolau crural syndrome complicated by neurological and muscular damage was retained. Nicolau syndrome is an iatrogenic skin necrosis. Compliance with precautionary measures during injections is essential to limit its occurrence.
ABSTRACT Cutaneous warts are benign skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus infection and represent a common dermatological condition. Although often asymptomatic, warts may cause physical and psychological discomfort, particularly when persistent, painful, or located in visible areas. Conventional treatment methods show variable efficacy, recurrence and adverse effects. Photodynamic therapy has emerged as a minimally invasive therapeutic alternative with promising outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic in the treatment of cutaneous warts through an analysis of scientific literature, using databases. Articles published in English between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed using keywords: “warts,” “verruca,” “human papillomavirus,” and “photodynamic therapy.” The findings suggest that photodynamic therapy is a valuable therapeutic option for cutaneous warts, particularly resistant to conventional treatments, offering selective tissue destruction and minimal invasiveness. However, further large-scale randomized trials could help standardize protocols and confirm its comparative effectiveness. Key words: Warts, Verruca, Photodynamic therapy, Therapy, Photodynamic, Photochemotherapy
