Mg 95 Ni 5 + x% Ti 1. 0 Mn 0. 9 V 1. 1( x =0,10,20,and 30) composites were prepared by hydriding combustion synthesis( HCS) and the HCS products were mechanically milled( MM) to obtain Mg-based hydrogen-storage composites. The dehydriding properties,phase structure,surface morphology,and particle composition were studied by pressure-composition-temperature( pcT),X-ray diffraction( XRD) and scanning electron microscopy( SEM). Results showed that addition of 30%( mass fraction) Ti 1. 0 Mn 0. 9 V 1. 1 exhibited the best desorption property for the HCS + MM product of Mg 95 Ni 5, which could completely desorb 5. 71% H 2 in 1 200 s at 523 K. The apparent dehydrogenation activation energy of the system was decreased to 129. 69 kJ / mol from 148. 20 kJ / mol of Mg 95 Ni 5. The improvement of the desorption property could be attributed to the enhancement of diffusion and the hydrogen pumpingof Ti 1. 0 Mn 0. 9 V 1. 1.
In recent years,mass environmental protests occur frequently,with Xiamen PX incident as a case. ″ Environmental rights of citizens″ or ″environmental human rights″ has increasingly attracted attention in theory and practice in the field of environmental law and environmental administration. With the issue of China's ″Environmental Protection Law″ and continuous modification to the related laws such as ″Civil Procedure Law″ and specialized law like ″Water Pollution Prevention Law″,the environmental rights of citizens or ″environmental human rights″ has been improved and institutionalized. Admittedly,however,China's environmental legislation has not yet reached a historic ″turning point″ that definitely constitutes the constitutional basis for protecting ecological and environmental rights of citizens. To achieve greater progress in China' s environmental legislation,we may need to resort to more political and social forces,especially from the grassroots.
In the study of mobilization structure and relation development in social movements,western scholars normally place more emphasis on the role of formal organization and the network of social movements. Due to political restriction in China,the development of movement organizations has unique features in its organizational model and network mode,which changes with the development of movement. The case of environmental protest in P County of Fujian Province shows the development in organizational model. In that case,when a local environmental justice group was included in the global green network,the movement network was not limited to network among acquaintances anymore,which also shows that the network might change and constantly remodel with the development of movement and changes in organizational mode.
″Resignation for taking the blame″ is a concept with typical Chinese characteristics,which should be positioned as a moral system for post-industrial society and a China-featured theoretical innovation. Currently, the implementation of ″resignation for taking the blame ″is reflected by the definition and the provision of its motive subject,content,object,procedure,consequence and safeguard. The functions of this system include both the effect of resignation behavior and the effect of morality,which should develop with some special contents and ecological significance in the field of ecological administration. In ecological administration,innovation of the resignation mechanism should be oriented to post-industrial moral system,while the construction of the mechanism should inevitably welcome new ideas.
To test the dynamic characteristics of gravels,improvements were made to the medium-sized hollow cylindrical torsional shear apparatus provided by GDS Instruments Ltd.,United Kingdom,but is was only suitable for sand and cohesive soil. A solid base was made with solid stainless steel plate to replace the original copper core permeable stone so that the largest size of grain samples increased from 2 mm to 10 mm,therefore it was possible to test the dynamic characteristics of gravel soil. Performance verification tests were made to the improved torsional shear apparatus. It was shown that the improved solid base matched well with studio base; output waveforms with steady amplitude were complete under both stress and strain control conditions; and sensors,such as piezometer and axial displacement meter worked well,and normal results were achieved. The dynamic characteristic test for gravel soil was performed.
Experiments were executed to study the bending performance of the adherence flush joints in FRP I-shape composite sandwich structure. The influence of fiber configuration and overlapping length to the failure mode of the joints,load-deformation relation and strain-development law in joint area was investigated,and the failure mechanics of joints was analyzed. Results showed that the conjunction failure and the glue delamination failure occured and the setting direction and layers of fiber affected the failure mode of conjunction joints. Overlapping length was the key factor to determine the bearing capacity of adherence joint with enough stiffness and strength of FRP I-shape. Results could be referred for the adherence joint design on composite sandwich plate.
Based on the analysis theory of the suspension bridge and the mechanical characteristics of selfanchored suspension bridge,the joint work of the main cable,beam and pylon were approximately considered by the method of executing internal forces to the pylon-beam finite element model of cables. Main cable curve was modified by calculation in the form of compression stiffness. The method was used in a practical bridge by finite element analysis. Results showed that the method could be used as one of the methods for free cable shaped calculation. Meanwhile,the compression deformation obviously affected the erection of the free cable,thus it should be considered in practical application.
Experiments were conducted to study the influences of raw materials on self compacting concrete( SCC) working performance and the prepared mixture from the experiments was used on composite shear walls. Reversed cyclic experiments on two composite SCC walls and two regular concrete walls were conducted to study their seismic performances,and the results were compared and analyzed. Results indicated that the connection between the precast wall and the truss steel bar performed well and no cracks occurred. Compared with the regular concrete wall,the composite wall was similar in failure mode,hysteretic curve,energy dissipation capacity,and stiffness degradation,but it had better ductility performance.
TiO2films were synthesized using template-assisted sol-gel method with tetrabutyl titanate as precursor and polyethylene glycol( PEG) as template. Film structures were controlled by adjusting the molecular weight of PEG. X-ray diffraction( XRD) results showed that the TiO2films were anatase phase. Field emission scanning electron micrography( FESEM) and N2adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis indicated that the as-synthesized TiO2films exhibited dense,nanoparticle and mesoporous morphology, respectively. After immobilized with glucose oxidase( GOx),the fabricated TiO2film electrodes showed fast direct electron transfer between GOx molecules and electrode surface without redox mediate. The mesoporous TiO2film electrode had a high sensitivity of 5. 95 mA·L /( mol·cm2) and protein density of 1. 63 × 10- 11mol / cm2,higher than other TiO2film electrodes. It was confirmed that the micromorphology of TiO2film could make real influence on glucose sensing performance and TiO2film with mesoporous structure had good application in glucose biosensor.
Numerical simulation of single-unit and multi-unit models in porous media( metal felts)-liquid sodium system was investigated by thermal fluid structure coupled method to obtain pressure drop and skeleton deformation of porous media in micro-scale. Hydraulic performance test of porous media provided validation for the reliability of the models. Results showed that pressure drop and deformations in the models were increased with increasing of the velocities of heat fluxes in both laminar and turbulent flows. The maximum deformation of the multi-unit model was much larger than that of the single-unit model. The amount of deformation varied linearly with changing linearly the heat fluxes or input velocities in the laminar flow.
A formula of calculating the interfacial shear stress of fiber reinforced polymer( FRP)-glued beams under three-load conditions was derived according to linear elastic theory,the result matched closely with that of finite element analysis. Meanwhile,parameter analysis was carried out. The analysis showed that reinforcement ratio,elastic modulus ratio of FRP to glulam and the number of vertical embedded FRP were the main factors related to the maximum bond shear stress. In practical design,the proper selection of parameters reduced the FRP-wood interface bonding shear stress. The comparison of calculated results by the method with that of the traditional enhanced method showed that the new FRP enhanced method reduced 53% ~ 75% of interfacial shear stress.
Polypropylene glycol( PPG) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate( MDI) were used as raw materials for the synthesis of isocyanate terminated polyurethane( PU) prepolymer. Then,PU prepolymer was used to graft E-51 epoxy resin to obtain graft PU / EP( g-PU / EP). The curing kinetics of g-PU / EP and dimer acid based polyamide curing agent was investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) test. The curing reaction apparent activation energy of curing system was 66. 10 kJ / mol,curing reaction order 0. 930,the gel temperature 310. 77 K,curing temperature 364. 62 K,and postcuring temperature 397. 18 K.
A fault diagnosis method based on wavelet energy spectrum and support vector machine( SVM) was proposed in terms of less fault samples,weakness of signals and difficulty to be extracted of wind power slewing bearing. Feature vectors were constructed by combining wavelet energy spectrum of acceleration signal with temperature and torque signal. And three normal states: single bolt fracture and multiple bolt fracture were classified by using SVM with classification accuracy of 100%,while the classification accuracies for the same samples reached only 84%,92%,and 80%,respectively by the BP neural network method. Results show that SVM method is more suitable than BP neural network method for wind power slewing bearing fault diagnosis.
The experiments about gas explosion were studied in linked vessels with obstacles in the duct and were compared in the linked vessel without obstacles. To investigate the change of pressure at different positions and inner diameters of obstacles in the duct,the experiments about gas explosion were carried out in linked vessels. Results showed that the obstacles in the duct accelerated the reaction in the linked vessels,and with the inner diameter increased,the maximum explosion pressure increased firstly, then decreased. Besides,the shorter of the distance between the inner diameters of the obstacle,the large vessel was,the shorter time the explosion pressure was the maximum. The obstacles weakened the pressure when pressure wave propagated through the obstacles. The obstacles enlarged the turbulence intension of gas,accelerated the reaction,impeded pressure wave propagation,and weakened the pressure.
Acetalization of aldehydes( ketones) with glycol was studied over a family of propane sulfonate( PS) functionalized ionic liquid( IL) heteropolyacid( HPA) salts catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer( NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry( ESI-MS). The catalytic acetalization behaviors were evaluated by the comparison of various control catalysts,the influences of reaction substrate and catalytic reusability. Results demonstrated that these organic HPA salts were nonconventional IL compounds in the solid state at room temperature( m. p. 100-200 ℃),they were only dissolved in strong polar media. The catalysts acted as phase separation catalystsin weak polar reaction media and showed high catalytic activity,as well as convenient operation for catalyst recovery, higher catalyst recovery rate and stable reusability.
This paper discusses the influence of emergency service supply chain on the emergency resource integration. The chain of service supply is composed of government-authorized enterprises,government emergency management agencies,as well as citizens and organizations of the disaster-affected area. Emergency resources include human resources,supply resources,information resources,technology resources,financial resources and responding time resources. The structure of the emergency service supply chain is found to have an influence on the emergency resources integration. Based on this,the paper put up with a model of structural relationship and a series of theoretical assumptions and examine with empirical analysis,which verify the effectiveness and feasibility of models and research methods applied.
To control the unseating failure of bridges effectively during earthquakes was one of the key problems in field of bridge earthquake resistant engineering. By considering the nonlinear behavior of bearings,the elastic-plastic behavior of piers and the influence of collisions,a finite element model of a five-span simply supported girder bridge was established. The longitudinal seismic responses of multi-span simply supported girder bridge with pier-girder connection and girder-girder connection control mode of unseating failure were computed and compared with the results of bridge without unseating-prevention control. The control mechanism of unseating failures and effects of two unseating-prevention modes were analyzed. Furthermore,the influences of parameters such as the stiffness ratio of adjacent spans,the connection stiffness and the primary clearance of unseating-prevention connection were studied and suggestions were proposed. The research showed that the pier-girder connection unseating-prevention mode could effectively reduce the relative displacement response and control unseating failure. However, it increased the internal force in pier. The control effect depended on the stiffness ratio of adjacent spans and control parameters. Girder-girder connection unseating-prevention mode couldn't effectively control unseating failures in earthquake.
Highly transparent superhydrophobic coatings were prepared by tetraethoxysilane( TEOS) chemical vapor deposition( CVD) with charcoal powder as template,and cetyltrimethoxylsilane( CTMS) as treatment. The as-prepared films were characterized by static contact angle( CA),Fourier transform infrared spectrometry( FT-IR),UV-vis spectrum( UV),thermogravimetric( TGA),cross polarisation magic angle spinning29Si nuclear magnetic resonance(29Si CP MAS NMR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS),and transmission electron microscopy( TEM). Results showed that the different deposition time had effects on water contact angle,sliding angle and transparency. The optimum performance film with deposition time 6 h exhibited superhydrophobicity( CA,166. 1° and SA,2. 1°) and high transparency( transmittance closes to 91%). In addition,the film showed excellent moisture resistance performance and maintained its superhydrophobicity against prolonged exposure to ambient conditions.
Due to concerns over sustainable development and environmental protection,renewable energy generation has been regarded as an important supplement to conventional energy generation. The supporting policies taken by many countries to promote the new industry have led to more and more trade frictions. As a price guarantee for promoting renewable energy generation,feed-in tariff program has been challenged by the World Trade Organization. Within the current subsidy framework,the fact that the price of renewable energy is shaped by the intervention of government cannot automatically mean the existence of subsidy. Comparable market bench needs to be located. The imperfections in current WTO subsidy rules have led to many uncertainties of determining subsidy,but Chinese renewable energy industry still have the need to change their current practice that are obviously inconsistent with the subsidy rules.
To reduce soil analogy distortion,a kind of soil model with low modulus was made by mixing sawdust with silty clay. Then,two soil-boxes were designed to separately simulate the boundaries of basin and free field. By comparing test data from shaking table tests,for the two fields above,a detailed research on focusing effect and edge effect was completed. Results showed that the earthquake response was obviously amplified with the basin field,especially in the areas with focusing effect and edge effect.
