The 4 important ethical issues in medical practice include Patient Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence and Justice But with the onset of the global pandemic Covid-19 following the protocol for the greater benefit of the mass has been on emphasis and the key doctrines of medical practice stands at a stake In this case series we would like to highlight the patients perspective and experience with respect to the disease and related ethical concern We have discussed about the mediocre of the situation for an ethical medical practice To study the Covid-19 patient’s perspective and experience about the disease and, also to assess the conformity of the Covid-19 patient’s treatment with medical and social ethics This is a cross sectional case series study where in case histories of three COVID-19 patients are described The case histories were obtained from news articles available online The case series illustrates the ordeals and experiences of the COVID-19 patients during the disease The COVID-19 patients as discussed in the cases were not given the Autonomy of choosing their hospitalization or their treatment In case 2 the principle of beneficence which is prima facie has been over ruled by the principle of utility The principle of justice to provide treatment to the patients and equal opportunity for best treatment has been at odds With the limited knowledge of the disease, its spread, its changing pathogenesis, nonmaleficence is also at stake From the case narrations it is clear that COVID-19, not only affects the physical health, it also takes a toll on the mental health of the patients and their attendees At the same time following the key components of the ethical medical practice i e autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice has been a mirage for the health care providers
Treatment of Covid 19 positive patients in Oral surgery has a very high risk transmission of SARS Covid 2 because it is associated with the specific nature of dental interventions, which includes: face to face communication, usage of sharp instruments, saliva and other oral fluids that the patient might contain. Aspect discussions, data collection and the purpose of the review of managing in oral surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is to provide protection for both, technical and human resources and to avoid unnecessary exposure to infected patient. The research methods are used in electronic bibliographic databases of relevant scientific literature such as, world health organization, Sciensdirect, etc. Practical Guidelines for Dentistry professional during the pandemic COVID-19 virus should be adjusted in accordance with the directions of the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. Administration for Occupational Health and Safety, American Dental Association and Alberta Dental Association & Collage, Canada.
Generally, most of the Indian households keep stock of some standard Over the Counter medicines that help to cure minor and seasonal ailments including headache, running nose, acidity, gastrointestinal problems During COVID-19 times the use of such medicines has increased, which has helped to reduce the load on doctors and decongest hospitals This web-based survey helps to understand the types of medications in stock and the self-medication practices during COVID 19 A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted during June 2020 A 9-item self-administered questionnaire was developed, validated, and distributed using Google Forms through social media networks The results were obtained online, and they were statistically analyzed A total of 1704 individuals participate in the survey from various age groups from ranging from 18 years to 55 years Out of which 50 4% were male participant and 49 6 % were female participants In the survey, it is observed that antacid and analgesic were mostly available in stock About 45 3% of participants took self-medication for quick relief while 85% agreed that their pharmacist explains the medication during purchasing However, the survey also revealed that 91% of pharmacists asking for the symptoms while purchasing OTC medications In the COVID-19 pandemic, Indian pharmacists are playing an important role by helping and counseling the patients at the pharmacy itself in case of minor ailments to avoid reaching the doctors in these difficult times Also spreading knowledge about OTC and self-medication along with its adverse effects to the people
The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a massive impact on entire human population, causing a sudden change in their lifestyle, with social and economic consequences Lockdown measures were implemented in several countries to limit the spread of this pandemic However such restrictions and confine- ments could precipitate unintended negative consequences on lifestyle behaviors We reviewed the data avail- able on the impact of this pandemic The main objective of this review was to assess the effect of imposed lock- down on the changes in general population all across the globe The data available todate indicates that the society has undergone changes during lockdown to mitigate the spread of infection and such changes have be- come part of the lives of people- hygiene and health consciousness, work from home, online teaching, digital shopping, changing internet habits are just a few to name This pandemic may have both positive and detri- mental impact on the psychological health and various other aspects of lifestyle behaviors of people
The COVID-19 pandemic, brought about by COVID (SARS-Co-V-2), has cause significant disturbance in the lives of dental groups the whole way across the globe Coronavirus has spread quickly since it was first recognized in Wuhan and has indicated wide range of seriousness Taking a gander at the current circumstance, it is obvious that the dental specialist ought to adjust to the current circumstance and keep offering support to patients by following appropriate conventions By the by, there is a critical need to audit and modify our practice of contamination conventions that will forestall nosocomial spread of contamination during COVID 19 episode and future respiratory sickness The infection has a transcendently respiratory transmission through aerosol concentrates and droplets Up close and personal correspondence and reliable introduction to body liquids, for example, blood and saliva, dental considerate labourers at genuine danger of disease This article quickly sums up the transmission of the infection in dental set up, spit as the transmission method of the contamination and the changes needed in the dental set up to keep offering dental types of assistance to public during this pandemic
In the current scenario the world is suffering due the SARS-Cov-2 or corona virus It was first originated in Wuhan, China in 31st December 2019 and spread all over the world with a very short time It killed more than eight lakh ninety six thousand people in all over the world where as affected two crore seventy five lakh people within this period Till now there is no potential approved vaccine or medicine is not available in the world However, some drugs are indicating a potential against the deadly virus This review is aiming to identify those drugs which are potential against the SARS- CoV2 As per research papers and several reports there are 4 classes of drugs which will be effective against the Corona virus, they are i) Anti-viral drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs ii) Anti H I V drugs iii) Anti-malarial drugs iv) Traditional Chinese dugs and other types of drugs Though these drugs may be partially effective against the Corona virus but the research should continue to find some new molecule or new vaccine to cure this disease
India is the second most populated country in the world having a rapidly growing population which is currently increasing at the rate of 16 million each year At that situation to estimate the knowledge and prevalence of contraception among people an online randomized survey has been done among 126 volunteer An anonymous online questionnaire has been developed and circulated among general public to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding contraception and related factors Majority of people around 92 9% were aware of the existence of contraceptive methods The most commonly used contraceptive was condom 26 2% Majority of 65 1% did not use any kind of contraceptive methods About 26 2% used Condoms, minimum 15 1% used pills, and 5 6% used withdrawal method Around 34 9% participants felt different types of issues after using any contraceptive tools The study highlights that awareness does not always lead to use of contraceptives A lot of educational and motivational activities and improvement in family planning services are needed to promote the use of contraceptive and reduce the high fertility rate & also to reduce the fatality due to sexually transmitted diseases
The infectious Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents an important threat to public health We assessed the awareness and knowledge rate of the general population toward the COVID-19 in eastern province, Saudi Arabia A self-reported closed-ended questionnaire consisted of 26 questions divided largely into three categories including demographic characteristics, knowledge rate and awareness source of COVID-19 SPSS was used for data analysis and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, Chi-squared (χ2) test was used for the determination of the distribution of the variables The study included total of 1078 participants;the study variables showed a very good level of reliability The overall knowledge score indicated that the majority of the participants had high knowledge, especially between participants who aged from 31-45 years old, received university education or higher and who were employed Half of the participants prefer television as a source of their information about COVID-19 High overall awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 was reported High percentages of participants had sufficient knowledge regarding the disease nature, incubation time, risk groups, transmission, symptoms and prevention of the disease However, expressed poor knowledge regarding the treatment and usefulness of antibiotics
Objectives: The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible role of anesthetics and surgery on innate by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was used to determine MCP-I and CD16.Methods: Serum level of TNFα and IFNγ cytokines was measured using ELISA technique. Flow cytometry was used to determine MCP-I and CD16. White blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined.Results: There was a highly significant rise in CRP blood level postoperatively when compared with pre-operative blood level (p<0.001). In addition, the results revealed a significant rise in neutrophil count after operation in comparison with its baseline level before operation (p<0.001), while the level of lymphocytes showed significant decline following operation (p<0.001). The level of monocyte and eosinophil also got significantly reduced after operation (p<0.001), whereas the level of basophil showed no significant alteration after operation (p=0.687). CD16 NK cell count revealed a significant rise during the time of anesthesia. However, it showed a significant decrease postoperatively, but the reduction did not reach baseline count. It has been noticed also that the level of MCP-1 got raised significantly in association with anesthesia induction; however, it returned back to its baseline level following surgery.Conclusions: Analysis of data to correlate the innate immune components TNFα, IFNγ, MCP-I, and CD16 with types of anesthetic drugs (general, local, and regional anesthesia) showed no significant association between these components and type of anesthesia (p>0.05).
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature and gelatinization pH on the characteristics of modified cassava starch bio-plastic, to determine the temperature and pH of gelatinization to produce modified cassava starch bio-plastic with the best characteristics. This research uses Factorial Random Block Design. Factor I is a gelatinization temperature consisting of 5 levels i. e. 70; 75; 80; 85 and 90 degrees C. Factor II is a gelatinization pH consisting of 4 levels of 4; 5; 6 and 7. Each treatment combination is grouped into 2 based on the time of the bio-plastics making process, so that there are 40 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed of variant and continued with the Duncan comparison test. The observed variables include mechanical tests consisting of tensile strength, elongation at break and Modulus Young test, duration of bioplastic degradation and surface profile and bio-plastic functional groups. The results showed that the temperature and pH of gelatinization and its interaction had a very significant effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, Modulus Young, volume swelling percentage and degradation duration of modified cassava starch. The gelatinization temperature of 75 +/- 1 degrees C at pH 5 produces the best characteristics of modified cassava starch bio-plastic, i. e. tensile strength 1,657.43 MPa, elongation at break of 10.32%, Modulus Young of 16,060.37 M Pa, percent of volume swelling by 9% and duration of degradation 7.33 days. The profile of the bio-plastic surface of the longitudinal view indicates the presence of dense and regular tissue formed by modified starch polymers with relatively small airspace variations. The cross-profile bio-plastic profile shows a fiber arrangement that forms a regular network or cross linking of a modified cassava starch polymer. Modified cassava starch bio-plastics contain hydroxyl (O-H) based functional groups with hydrogen, alkanet (CH), aldehydes (C-OH), simple aromatic compounds, carboxyl (C-O), alkenes (C = C) and hydrocarbons -(CH2) n.
The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective and activity of 70 %alcoholwhole plant extract of Alhagimaurorum (A.mauroru hepatotherapeutic (treatment) against liver induced by paracetannolin experimental mice. Phytochemical screening of the extract was also carried out and indicated the presence of flavonoids and tannins. Alcohol extract of A.maurorum at dose of 1g /kg, body was administered and compared with 100 mg/kg silymarine as hepatoprotectivefor 7 daysand 7 days treatment inparacetamol (2 gm/ kg) intoxicated mice. Biochemical parameters including Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), alanine anninotransferase (ALT),Total protein (T.P)and total B.rubin (TB) levels were measured to determine the degree of improvement in conditions of damaged mice liver. The liver was taken and preserved in 10 % formol salinefor histological studies. The extract pretreatment with the extract as hepatoprotective at doses of 1g/kg has exhibited reduction in biochemical parameters (ALP, T.P, ALT, AST, and T.B). The extract administration as pre-treatment (7days) and treatment (7 days) in hepatic intoxicated mice showed histological improve the damaged liver tissues. Hepatic cellular changes were recorded in paracetamol treated animals and these cellular changes were improved and/or prevented by administration of A. maurorum alcoholic extract. In Our results clarified that A.maurorum alcoholic extract have a hepatoprotective and hepatic therabutic(treatment) effect against paracetamol hepatotoxicity in mice.
The investigation was carried out on 2 groups of calves suffering from bronchial pneumonia: the first group was experimental and included 18 animals; the second group was control and included 13 calves. The first group of animals received dynamic electric neurostimulation with apparatus 'DiaDENS-PC' in mode 'THERAPY' [6-8], once every day over trigger biologically active points for 14 days. Calves of the second group received antibiotics usually used in the husbandry. Laboratory clinical analysis of the acid-base status of calf blood was carried out prior to treatment and during the convalescence period - on day 14 after commencement of treatment of animals. Blood test was done using micro-analyzer ABL-330 (Radiometer, Denmark) for the following indices: pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2); carbon acid concentration PCO3; deficit of buffer bases (BE); electrolytes - Na+, K+, Cl-. Analysis of the data obtained for the experimental and control group of calves indicates complete metabolic compensation of acidosis on the fourteenth day from treatment commencement and stabilization of acid-base status in calves of the first group as a result of dynamic electric neurostimulation as evidenced by: homeoprotecting level of calf blood.., high carbon dioxide partial pressure, surplus of buffer bases, statistically significant decrease of potassium and chlorides in blood serum. So, use of 'DiaDENS-PC' as a physiotherapy aid is a rational method of neutralizing metabolic acidosis during nonspecific bronchial pneumonia of calves and stabilizing acid-base status during the convalescence period.
It has been established that in healthy animals the average values of electrodermal characteristics of biologically active points had a level of electrical conductivity of 10, 11 +/- 0, 34 - 10, 01 +/- 0, 35 mu A. There were fourteen biologically active points during the test route. In the process of screening of asymmetric acupuncture points in calves with an acute form of focal pneumonia using the "BIOREPER" method, constant trigger state during the course of the disease was recorded in five of the fourteen examined BAP - No 11, No 38, No 90, No 77, No 97. Decrease in the electrical conductivity of the skin was noted in the area of these acupuncture points in comparison with similar indicators of their state in the group of healthy animals. Namely, the average electrical conductivity in the under-electrode tissues of the four installed trigger BAP was kept within 8.27 +/- 0.27 mu A, and more contrast asymmetry took place in the acupuncture point No 97 - it was of 5.17 +/- 0.33 mu A. A ten-day course of electropulse stimulation of calves in combination with traditional pathogenetic therapy allows to achieve increased therapeutic effectiveness. This conclusion was established in the process of therapeutic tests of the "DiaDENS-PC" device in case of focal pneumonia in calves in an industrial experiment. This result gives reason for introduction of the method into veterinary practice. The obtained clinical information showed that in the first group of calves the application of dynamic electric neurostimulation with the "DiaDENS-PC" device caused a partial improvement in the state by the 4th day of treatment. Considerable improvement occurred by the 6th day, averagely in 5.5 +/- 1.1 days. Inclusion of electrodynamic stimulation into the complex of pathogenetic therapy led to a reduction in the duration of the respiratory syndrome to 6.6 +/- 1.3 days. The indicator of therapeutic effectiveness of the applied complex calculated as the ratio of the number of dead calves to the total number of animals treated with "DENAS" was 93.3%; one animal died - 6.7%. When the "DENS" device was used in therapy, the animals recovered by the 8th day (8.1 +/- 1.1), two days earlier than in the control group of animals.
