Rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has changed the financial landscape by providing unmatched speed, efficiency and deepening financial inclusion. Still, the existing narrative has many a times assumed that users are making perfectly rational choices, ignoring the element of how these platforms interact with their own biases and cognition towards taking such financial decisions. Addressing this gap, this paper is presenting a purely theoretical framework finding how such digital environments change biases while making financing decisions. This paper conceptually examined how the features of such digital platforms such as immediate transactions, smoothness, and the abstraction of money acting as a catalyst that can influence errors, biases, and overconfidence. Contrasting to this, this paper also shows the two facets of these digital platforms, proposing that such platforms have the capacity to control such errors and biases if it is intentionally designed as such. Ultimately by positioning these biases as the mediator between technology and decision making, this work posits fintech not just as a delivering mechanism, but also as a behavior shaping system.
This article examines the impact of decentralised management of state budget revenue and expenditure on economic growth in Vietnam during 2003-2023. The ordinary least squares method is employed to test an empirical model using secondary data from the Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam and budget reports published by the Ministry of Finance. GDP is the dependent variable, while the independent variables are central government revenue, local government revenue, central government expenditure and local government expenditure. The regression results show that the model is statistically significant and has strong explanatory power. At the component level, central and local government revenues are not statistically significant, whereas both central and local government expenditures affect economic growth. The findings suggest the need to improve revenue and expenditure decentralisation, strengthen local fiscal autonomy and consolidate the regulatory role of the central budget.
This study has applied descriptive approach to study Kenana Sugar Company Limited's accounts and financial departments, involving 87 male and female employees. A random sampling method selected 45 individuals, who were analyzed using questionnaires. The results showed positive results. The demographic, academic, and professional background of the participants is also compared to reveal some interaction with performance and career advancement. The sample is slightly older and almost all of the participants work mid-career level; most of the participants belong to accounting and finance fields. The study found that 75% of participants aged 36-45 years and 81.58% held a Bachelor's degree had no significant differences in performance based on academic achievement or work experience. However, the research faces challenges in generalizing to a wider population and suggests expanding the scope of participants by specializations and career phases.
This study seeks to investigate the strategic potential of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing quality governance within the healthcare sector, with a specific focus on internationally recognized standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 13485, JCI, and EFQM. Employing a theoretical and analytical methodology, the paper draws upon global best practices and critically assesses their relevance and applicability to the Algerian healthcare system. The analysis highlights Artificial Intelligence’s capacity to strengthen patient safety, support data-driven decision-making, and enhance compliance with quality standards. However, the study also identifies significant structural and institutional barriers that may impede the adoption of Artificial Intelligence technologies in developing contexts. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive national strategy that includes the development of a robust regulatory framework, targeted investments in digital infrastructure, and the promotion of evidence-based governance to facilitate effective Artificial Intelligence integration in Algerian healthcare.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's commitment to operating in a manner that benefits society and the environment. This involves activities such as making charitable donations, engaging with the community, providing fair treatment to employees, and protecting the environment. Companies have legal obligations related to CSR, and neglecting these can result in legal penalties for their leaders. Managers must consider the ethical implications of their decisions and actions. Past scandals, such as the Enron case, underscore the importance of effective management in preventing unethical conduct. This study thoroughly examines Corporate Social Responsibility by analyzing diverse perspectives from 30 primary and secondary literary sources written by various scholars and practitioners. The goal is to develop an integrated and comprehensive framework that addresses five key questions currently debated among professionals in the field. This method aims to synthesize existing knowledge and clarify contentious CSR issues, thereby contributing to both academic discussions and practical applications. The discussion about the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance continues. Supporters of CSR claim that ethical actions can enhance a company’s reputation, foster customer loyalty, attract talented employees, and increase profits, creating a positive cycle. On the other hand, critics argue that CSR may incur costs that could erode profit margins. Recent trends indicate that companies implementing CSR efforts often see better financial results, encouraging sustainable growth and offering a competitive edge. Ultimately, the impact of CSR on profitability varies by industry, depending on the specific initiatives and their alignment with organizational goals.
This research paper critically examines the role of judicial review in preventing executive overreach in Pakistan, with a particular focus on the constitutional jurisdiction exercised by courts under Article 199. It highlights the judiciary's role in reinforcing regulatory compliance, ensuring procedural fairness, and protecting economic rights against arbitrary administrative actions. By analyzing key judicial precedents, including recent rulings by the Courts, this paper illustrates how courts have maintained the supremacy of law in regulatory matters, particularly within the petroleum sector governed by the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority Ordinance, 2002. Additionally, the paper explores how judicial intervention serves as a safeguard against the misuse of administrative authority, compelling regulatory bodies such as OGRA to function within their legally defined scope. A comparative analysis of judicial review frameworks in the UK and USA provides further insight into how courts in different jurisdictions balance executive discretion with constitutional oversight. The research concludes that judicial vigilance remains crucial for upholding constitutionalism, regulatory transparency, and economic freedoms in Pakistan, reinforcing the principle that no administrative authority is above the law. This research paper critically examines the role of constitutional jurisdiction in preventing executive overreach in Pakistan, focusing on the regulatory framework governing petroleum businesses. It explores the significance of judicial review in administrative actions, emphasizing the limitations imposed by the Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority Ordinance, 2002, and the Pakistan Oil (Refining, Blending, Transportation, Storage, and Marketing) Rules, 2016. The paper delves into the broader implications of constitutional jurisdiction on regulatory governance, the protection of economic rights, and the role of the judiciary in ensuring fair and lawful administrative practices. By analyzing judicial precedents, statutory frameworks, and governance principles, this paper highlights the importance of lawful authority in executive decision-making and its impact on the business environment in Pakistan.
This article critically examines the structural and procedural deficiencies embedded in Pakistan’s family court system, with a particular focus on the colonial-era Guardian and Wards Act, 1890. Central to this analysis is Section 12 of the Act, which allows for interim custody orders without granting a statutory right of appeal—an omission that creates a legal vacuum in urgent child welfare cases. This absence of appellate scrutiny enables rampant judicial discretion and fosters an environment conducive to favoritism and procedural abuse. Drawing from a real-life case (the “Montgomery Case”), the article exposes how corrupted evidence, judicial bias, and administrative misconduct can converge to produce outcomes that violate due process and undermine the welfare of children. Existing oversight mechanisms, such as the High Court’s Member Inspection Team, are shown to be largely ineffective, issuing mere explanatory notices without undertaking meaningful disciplinary action. This article further explores how Section 12 is in direct violation of Articles 10-A and 25 of Pakistan’s Constitution—guaranteeing the right to a fair trial and equality before the law. Comparisons are made with legal systems in India, the United Kingdom, and the United States, where interim custody orders are subject to appeal or expedited review, demonstrating Pakistan’s legal obsolescence. The article proposes legislative reform through a newly drafted Section 12-A, establishing a statutory right of appeal for interim custody decisions, and recommends the creation of an independent judicial appointment commission, enhanced training in child psychology, and a strengthened judicial oversight board. These reforms aim to harmonize Pakistan’s domestic laws with international human rights standards while restoring public trust in the judiciary. The findings build upon previous scholarly work exposing systemic flaws in Pakistan’s judicial and institutional architecture, including analyses of recruitment corruption (Siddiqui, 2019), misuse of public authority (Siddiqui, 2022), and procedural rigidity (Siddiqui, 2018; 2023), thereby contributing to the growing body of policy-oriented legal critique in South Asia.
As information technology has advanced, there has been a shift toward relying more and more on online cloud storage and computing services. There is no getting around the fact that recent times have seen a meteoric rise in interest in cloud computing. This technology is used by many different organisations as the central component of their information technology infrastructure. The use of cloud computing results in increased data processing efficiency across a variety of computer and storage systems that are available over the internet. The approaches have advanced as a direct result of the cutting-edge and forward-thinking computer procedures that are the foundation of the internet's core database and network architecture. In the 1990s, a new sort of cutting-edge computing known as grid computing came into being. 2005 saw the birth of two new computing paradigms: cloud computing and utility computing. Consolidating several virtual computing components into a single physical platform is one of the most distinguishing features of cloud computing services and infrastructure. These components include the central processing unit (CPU), the network, storage, and memory. A piece of software known as a hypervisor is responsible for isolating each virtual machine (VM) (used by Virtual box and VMware, for example). Using this strategy, one virtual disc or machine may be prevented from directly accessing the memory and programmes of another inside the same environment. This can be accomplished by using a firewall. Through the use of hardware abstraction, it is feasible to conceal the complexity of operating physical computer systems, while at the same time efficiently boosting the systems' processing capacity. Utilizing virtualization technology in the cloud comes with a number of benefits, including scalability and the capacity to support many tenants (one software programme serving many users at once). These properties are essential to cloud computing because they make sharing and pooling resources possible. Sharing and pooling resources provides a number of benefits, some of which include increased business value, more flexibility, and cost savings.
Prior to 1970s before the UN Conference on Human Environment, environment did not find much mention in the legal regime of any country, let alone the environmental courts. The concept of “environmental courts” emerged, firstly in Europe. The reason behind the increasing numbers of ECTs are multifarious, like the new international developments taking place in the world which are highlighting the grave concerns related to the environment, the increasing interaction and inter-dependence of environmental rights and human rights, the emerging novel threats to the environment in the form of climate change and others. ECTs deal only with the environmental cases and it uses the otherwise less-used techniques of alternative dispute resolution which are often cheaper and less time-consuming. These can be courts (judicial approach) or tribunals (executive or administrative approach), depending upon the societal, economic, political and environmental factors existing in a particular country. India saw the birth of NGT after a lot of deliberations within the legislative and judicial spheres. It was the result of the ratification of the path breaking Stockholm Conference, 1972 by India. The NGT through the balanced-approach towards the environment and economy, in plethora of cases, has won accolades from the civil society as well as from the centre, which is very much evident from the recent verdict and proceedings of the tribunal. But, setting up of an ECT is not the end of the road, but it’s an initial step in the direction of environmental justice which alone cannot guarantee the same but needs to be supplemented through various other means.
: With the advancement in technology there is a rapid change in the manner in which individuals live, associate, impart, and lead business. This change is regularly alluded to as the "digital revolution," which is the headway of innovation from simple, electronic and mechanical apparatuses to the technically advanced instruments accessible today. The utilization of digitalization in the learning procedure and training rehearses in formal instructing is exceptionally subjected to the capacity of educators to deliver it without imperiling the lavishness of the study hall condition, to be specific the consideration that understudies need to follow the progression of argumentation and to ensure the nature of the inquisitive. In this paper, a research is made on the impact of technology in the modern era and how it impact the life of the scholars, graduates and alike as yet more advancements have to be done in the implementation of digital technology in the study hall and on the performance of the educator particularly on how performing various tasks influences the educator job in-class in delivering and explaining the content in a more precise manner that is easy for the students to grab things more easily.
: Inlay restorations are one of the intracoronal restorations which is used commonly in dentistry in this era. Inlay restorations are known to be highly retentive compared to composite restorations in restorative procedures. This study was aimed to evaluate the gender prevalence and age distribution among patients undergoing class II inlay restorations who visited saveetha dental college in Chennai. From the record of 86000 cases (June 2019 - April 2020), all cases of class II inlay restorations were used for data analysis. A total of 40 case sheets were retrieved and cross checked for patients age and gender. The collected data was analysed through SPSS 2.0. Pearson correlation test was used for age and gender distribution for patients undergoing class II inlay restoration and Chi square test was done to evaluate the significance between the variables. Results were recorded. The highest age distribution was seen in 34-41 years old (frequency 35.5%) lowest age range for underwent class II inlay restoration was 58-65 years old (frequency 2.5%). The gender distribution showed predominantly male with a frequency of 67.5% (27 patients out of 40 in total), whereas female patients were only 32.5% who had undergone this treatment.Within the limitation of present study, it is concluded that in Saveetha Dental College, statistically no significant difference was seen in age and gender of the patients undergoing class II inlay restoration.
Purpose of this research is to unearth the effect of significant political events on stock market performance and volatility of Pakistan during the period 2013 to 2018.Event study methodology is employed to investigate the stock market behaviour in response to major political events i.e. the China Pakistan Economic Corridor CPEC (MOU), Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif disqualification, and the Elections held on 25 th July 2018,in terms of four indexes (i.e. KSE 100 index, KSE all share indexes, KSE-30 index and KMI 30 index).Findings demonstrated that political events influence the stock market according to their nature.The contribution of this study is two folds. The effect of political events on stock market performance is relatively understudied in the context of Pakistan.Contrary to previous studies; the current study examined the effects on all the indexes quoted by Pakistan Stock Exchange(PSX).
The traditional methods are fading away with the scientific methods taking a plunge into the field of market research. Neuro marketing is the recent technique in the field of market research that is attracting many eye-balls. It applies neuropsychology to marketing research. Human decision-making is both a conscious and non-conscious process in the brain, and while this method of research succeeded in gathering explicit (or conscious) emotions, the traditional methods failed to gain the consumer's implicit (or unconscious) emotions. Non-conscious information has a large influence in the decision-making process. The goal of the present study is to analyze the Awareness of Neuro marketing as a tool for studying Consumer behavior among the indigenous NorthEastern startups of India. This concept is less known and unexplored not only in Assam but the whole of North-East, yet the startups do not ignore the fact that studying consumer psychology is an important aspect. As Neuromarketing further evolves, we can expect more and more revelation of intricacies involved which determines the consumer‟s purchasing behavior. The awareness of Neuromarketing is to be studied in order to know its application, success and failure as a tool for studying consumer behavior as this type of studies have an important role for the future of marketing.The study will help the local entrepreneurs and marketers to know about Neuromarketing and upgrade their tools and techniques for studying consumer behavior.
The present study aimed to investigate as to how perceptions of the youth about procedural and distributive justice influence their cooperation with police. The study was conducted on students of the University of the Punjab, Lahore. The major objective of the study was to see whether or not perceptions about police legitimacy fostered cooperation of the youth with police for collaborative crime control. A survey of the University students was carried out and a structured questionnaire was used as a tool of data collection. Data were gathered from 111 students of the five randomly selected Departments of the University of the Punjab, Lahore. The findings of the present study showed that the perceptions of the students about procedural justice were significantly related with their intent to cooperate with police. The respondents ’ judgments about the fairness of the police seemed to be important in promoting cooperation with police. This present research indicated that perceptions of police fairness were linked with social identity, which in turn was related with cooperation. Legitimacy judgments were the main drivers of cooperation. Overall, the findings of the present study showed that students had low schema about Police performance in procedural justice and they have negative notions about Police workforce for bringing harmony and stability in society.
The purpose of the article is to describe stages of variables formation and identification and develop a student’s educational trajectory mathematical model and to create a technological model for the application of machine learning methods to predict the optimal educational trajectory of the student. External variables are analyzed, variables’ numerical values are determined, types of collecting information sessions are highlighted. Data arrays from information sources electronic diary Diary.ru and the GlobalLab online platform were analyzed. A mathematical model of the student is presented based on variables. Using the technical and scientific results of the Project will provide useful economic, technological and technical effects.
O objetivo do artigo é estudar a natureza jurídica e a essência das categorias de razoabilidade e boa-fé no campo da regulação do direito privado na legislação da Rússia moderna. A base metodológica da pesquisa foi o método dialético geral de cognição e os métodos científicos privados que o seguem: sistemas-estruturais, concreto-sociológicos, técnico-jurídicos, histórico-jurídicos e métodos jurídicos comparativos. Sua aplicação permitiu que os autores do artigo estudassem os objetos em consideração em sua inter-relação, integridade, de forma abrangente e objetiva. O artigo conclui que a boa-fé é essencial para preencher as lacunas na legislação. Nem sempre é possível estabelecer uma única regra, aprovar uma norma que exclua condutas injustas. As lacunas não se devem apenas a erros legislativos. Dois fatores têm um impacto importante: a diversidade de relações e seu constante desenvolvimento em diferentes áreas (por exemplo, e-commerce, mercado financeiro).
The area of education management and leadership is pluralist, with many conflicting views and the resulting lack of consensus on the specific disciplinary existence. Educational leadership is of great importance in early part of the 21 st Century because of the common perception that leadership efficiency is the school and student outcomes are significantly different. Additionally, there is growing awareness that schools need successful leaders and administrators to provide their learners with the education they should be. Schools required committed and trained teachers but in turn they need highly effective leadership & support from different senior and middle managers. Although the required for successful leader is generally recognized, there is far less assurance about which leaderships practices are more likely to deliver desirable outcomes. Paper explore the theoretical staining for the fields of management and educational leadership, analyze various leaderships model, & address the proof of their comparative efficacy in creating productive schools.
Until now, Vietnam's economic activities have mainly relied on the traditional approach, which is a linear economy. This is also the main cause leading to the shortage of natural resources and serious environmental pollution. To overcome these problems, countries in the world, including Vietnam, are moving towards a circular economic development in order to solve the challenge between economic growth and environmental protection, “without trade-off” growth. The economy with environmental pollution and degradation. The World Economic Forum (WEF) also broadcast on its website in early 2020 calling “The world is in need of a cyclic economy”. In that economy, high-quality human resources are becoming increasingly urgent. This study focuses on analyzing the current situation of the circulation economy in Vietnam, the human resources in that economy, thereby posing many issues that need to be discussed in order to develop a circular economy in Vietnam today.
Today, education has become a competitive field where ambitions are marginalized. Those conflicts relate to caste, class aspects however, most importantly, gender. Girls make up a greater proportion of India's deprived child population. This article seeks to understand the intersecting cycle of removing the girl kids from the education system. The methods the government pursued to tackle these problems appeared to be inaccessible and scattered. The simple existence of teenagers in schools is insufficient measure of challenges face in schools or in the gendered world outside. To address their specific vulnerabilities a complete, multi-sectorial expansion needs to be developed. Capitalizing in schooling for girl’s changes relations, nations and the biosphere at large. Girls receiving a teaching are less likely to marry young and can lead a healthy, productive life. Teaching for girls recovers frugalities and disruptions down dissimilarity. Also it leads to more protected inclusive societies that deliver occasions for all individualsincluding boys and men-to understand their possible.
This article is about the characters in Uzbek and English literature prose .The literary description of children’s spiritual world, the psychology of heroes, reflection of character’ thinking and images, the position, ways of psychologism in children’s literature. It discusses the problems of teenagers’ psychology in Uzbek and English children's realistic novels.
