This study used semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus groups with 29 veterinary students to explore, through a modified Expectancy-Value Framework, how they valued resources such as “Strengths and Opportunities” reports and faculty mentorship while preparing for the North American Veterinary Licensing Exam. Results showed that students valued mentorship and reports, but expressed concerns about time-management, inconsistent feedback, and the effectiveness of available resources. Despite high intrinsic motivation, driven by career goals, struggles with time and effort persisted. To boost confidence and performance, institutions should offer tailored support, stronger faculty mentoring, personalized feedback, and resources aligned with academic and future needs.
This case study examines systemic inefficiencies within Colorado’s residential eviction process through an ethnographic analysis of a single landlord-tenant dispute. Guided by the research question, to what extent do procedural complexity, institutional fragmentation, and enforcement delays contribute to managerial inefficiencies and financial losses for small-scale landlords, the study documents how legally compliant actions can result in prolonged delays, escalating costs, and uncertain outcomes. Drawing on detailed narrative evidence, the case illustrates how courts, attorneys, housing authorities, and sheriff’s offices operate as loosely coordinated components within a fragmented system. Findings indicate that eviction outcomes are shaped less by statutory design than by a party’s ability to navigate procedural requirements over extended time horizons. Procedural complexity, institutional fragmentation, and enforcement delays jointly generate cumulative inefficiencies, increasing transaction costs and reducing the predictability of legal outcomes. The study contributes to management policy literature by identifying how administrative burden and process misalignment transfer risk to individual stakeholders, with implications for improving system coordination and enforcement reliability.
The 340B Program has expanded substantially, raising concerns about transparency, oversight, and whether savings benefit patients. This review analyzed key policy developments and stakeholder impacts using a PRISMA–guided systematic review of PubMed and Embase studies published between 1992 and 2024. Fifty-two sources met the inclusion criteria, with AI-assisted summarization and human verification used for analysis. Findings show program growth outpaced oversight: about two-thirds of studies reported limited transparency, and nearly half found financial gains concentrated among hospitals and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Fewer than one-third of studies found measurable improvements in patient affordability or equity. An Input–Moderator–Process–Output (IMPO) framework is proposed to explain the asymmetric distribution of value across stakeholders.
This qualitative case study examined communication challenges affecting employee engagement and morale within remote procurement teams in the U.S. space industry. Data was collected from participants through semi-structured interviews and presented five key themes: effectiveness of digital communication tools, inconsistent leadership communication, inadequate onboarding and training, manager accessibility, and leadership influence on engagement. Findings indicated that digital tools supported collaboration, but inconsistent leadership tone and clarity reduced trust and motivation. Recommendations include standardized onboarding practices, consistent leadership communication, and improved manager accessibility. These findings offer guidance for organizations seeking to strengthen engagement, retention, and productivity in remote work environments.
This article discusses different models for analyzing the social processes of economic growth and development. First, it examines the origins of the debate in the context of the emergence of the social sciences. It discusses an alternative approach to development in relation to the original model of economic growth, which is based on a quantitative perspective and strictly productivist concerns. Modernization Theory and the influences of classical economics are central to the problematization of this conceptual framework. Next, the limitations of the concept of growth and the debate on Dependency Theory, originating in Latin America, are discussed. It is within this debate and various social and theoretical movements that the concept of sustainability takes root, highlighting its social and sociological dimensions, rather than its original association with the strictly environmental and ecological domains. Finally, we analyze the main guiding principles underpinning the emergence of the sociology of sustainability as a specific branch of sociology, within the framework of interdisciplinarity and the debate on cohesive, balanced societies across their social, economic, environmental, and governance dimensions. As this is not the setting for a lengthy, more in-depth theoretical discussion, we propose an analytical synthesis capable of fostering subsequent, more robust explorations.
The Spread of COVID-19 and its variants worldwide has prompted researchers to gather data on the impact of socio-economic factors and status on infection rates. The World Bank uses six stability indicators to measure a country’s overall stability. We measure COVID-19 infections per million and use the six World Bank stability indicators as predictive variables to examine whether exogenous shocks, such as global pandemics, are affected by these indicators. We find that only Government Effectiveness shows a positive and significant correlation with COVID-19 infection rates, while Rule of Law shows a negative and significant correlation.
Recognized today as a defining moment in the emergence of the Cold War, the West Berlin airlift of 1948–1949, launched to counter the Soviet-imposed political blockade, exemplifies how logistics operated as a decisive strategic, social, and symbolic instrument. Confronted with the blockade, the precise orchestration of thousands of flights, the meticulous planning of routes, and the active engagement of West Berliners within a complex supply network demonstrate that control over vital flows extends well beyond operational efficiency. The analysis highlights how the airlift shaped modern military and humanitarian doctrines while simultaneously embodying diplomatic and symbolic authority inherent to logistical operations. Its originality lies in integrating technical, social, and communicative dimensions, transforming the airlift into a laboratory of resilience grounded in international cooperation. Insights drawn from this historical episode, which generated lasting momentum in logistics management, illuminate the design of critical supply chains and the strategic deployment of symbolic narratives in managing complex crises, emphasizing the bridge between rigorous historical research and contemporary management scholarship.
Global Software Development (GSD) leaders in organizations encountered low software product quality due to the challenges that negatively impact customer satisfaction, global economic stability, business finance performance, and public safety. The qualitative multiple case study presented a common understanding shared by 30 managers in Canadian GSD organizations and how to improve software product quality and customer satisfaction through interviews. The eight themes emerged from the study include the developing a clear purpose and work principles, improving processes and employee skills, developing adequate personnel management strategies, promoting autonomy and personal worker development, formulating life cycle and development techniques, identifying challenges, formulating solutions, and focusing on product quality. The results highlighted the need to increase best management and industry practices among GSD organizational leaders to achieve software product quality, customer satisfaction and prevent global software development project failures.
A great deal of work has been done in recent decades examining the impact of emotional intelligence (EQ) and cultural intelligence (CQ) on extra-role job performance. However, little of this research has used both EQ and CQ constructs together in the same analytical model. In addition, the available literature in is virtually silent with regards to the relationships of these constructs in Russia, a country with a significant multicultural environment. This study examines these relationships, using a sample of 189 supervisory and non-supervisory subjects in Russia. The results suggest that motivational CQ may be seen as an antecedent of CQ and EQ, both of which significantly impact extra-role job performance. EQ and CQ factors were also found to mediate the relationship between motivational CQ and extra-role job performance. In addition, necessary condition analysis was completed adding to model insights. These results extend our knowledge to a Russian sample, and not only support the Thomas et al. (2015) approach to CQ, but also suggest significant implications for current EQ-CQ model theories.
This study explored, from a cross-cultural perspective, the impact of the economic policies of the Dutch, Spanish, and Ming-Zheng periods on Taiwan’s indigenous peoples. This paper adopts document analysis, a qualitative research method, as its methodology, seeking to reveal how different colonial regimes shaped Taiwan’s economic structure, trade networks, and the impact on the indigenous economy through the analysis of historical documents. Although Taiwan’s indigenous peoples encountered various challenges, they simultaneously demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability, which not only shaped the early colonial economy but sowed the seeds for future social inequality, cultural conflict, and unbalanced regional economic development.
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the practices adopted by the federal government in Washington, D.C., during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the challenges and opportunities encountered by urban leaders as they navigate complex and demanding circumstances. The analysis encompasses an examination of the strategies employed, the effectiveness of response measures, and the lessons learned from this unprecedented crisis. By exploring the experiences of the Washington D.C. government, this paper seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of effective governance in times of crisis and inform decision-making processes for future challenges.
This paper examines the key differences between the United Nations’ peacekeeping missions in Central America (ONUCA) and Haiti (MINUSTAH) to assess the impact of these foreign interventions on the national institutions of the affected countries within the context of peacebuilding policy. I contend that if the UN leads peacebuilding reforms at a constitutional or equivalent level, then the intervened polity should develop liberal democracy, free markets and/or stable peace. For this comparison, I employ a most similar systems design, which uses UN-promoted reforms as an independent variable and the aforementioned outcomes as dependent variables, encompassing all observable elements of peacebuilding. I found that UN-led reforms did not lead to the desired results of peacebuilding. Rather, polities only democratized, liberalized and pacified when the mission supported an agreement that came from within. The continuation of war and the lack of internal national consensus hindered democratization, liberalization and pacification in Haiti, while peace and internal consensus allowed peacebuilding to succeed in Central America. Third party intervention, particularly from the West, promoted violence and peace, respectively.
Epidemiology relies on data visualization to identify disease patterns, causes, and effects. These visualizations often contain sensitive information that risks re-identification if not properly anonymized, while excessive anonymization may lead to information loss, distort findings, and reduce usability. This review summarizes strategies for balancing transparency with privacy preservation in epidemiological visualizations. Through targeted database searches, we identified common anonymization strategies, adaptable for various visualizations. Each visualization type requires a different approach, and often a combination of methods to yield the strongest privacy protection. Privacy-preserving visualization remains underdeveloped, and further empirical validation and user studies are needed.
Trust plays a pivotal role in organizational life, yet its formation under conditions of limited interaction remains poorly understood. This study investigates how vocal characteristics influence initial trust formation when individuals must make rapid judgments based on vocal characteristics of pitch, variability, and perceived integrity. In a laboratory simulation, participants evaluated recruiters based solely on voice messages, then made trust decisions with financial implications. Vocal pitch significantly influenced perceived ability, and interpersonal liking predicted all three trustworthiness dimensions, underscoring the importance of vocal cues in early organizational encounters. Implications for virtual teams, hiring and leadership communication are discussed.
The increasing global focus on environmental issues has led governments and public institutions to enforce stricter regulations in recent decades, pushing the private sector towards eco-friendly solutions and innovations. While some scholars posit that stringent environmental policies cause polluting industries to relocate to countries with less rigorous standards, other research emphasizes that government pressure is crucial for achieving environmental goals and reducing private-sector impacts. This study assesses how environmental policy stringency influences eco-innovation performance in firms headquartered within a country. Using descriptive statistics and data from the COR&DIP database and the Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index provided by the OECD, the study finds a small positive effect of policy stringency on eco-innovation performance. It also underscores the importance of accurately analyzing historical environmental policies to gauge their impact on private sector innovation. The findings contribute to the literature on national environmental policies and eco-innovation, offering valuable insights for companies navigating environmental regulations and policymakers developing effective regulations to encourage green technologies.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered global air travel, reshaping passenger expectations and perceptions of service quality. This study examines changes in tourists’ evaluations of Turkish-registered airlines based on 4,652 online reviews from five major carriers. Using Leximancer for semantic content analysis, the study identifies key thematic shifts before and after the pandemic. Results show a move from traditional service elements—like punctuality, catering, and staff behavior—to pandemic-related concerns such as hygiene, testing, and refund policies. The study also explores shifts in value-for-money perceptions, offering data-driven insights for airline managers in the post-pandemic travel environment.
This study examines burnout reduction interventions for remote leaders, particularly in the context of COVID-19’s impact on work-life boundaries. Using a quasi-experimental design, online survey findings from remote employees were analyzed through the lens of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Job Demands-Resource Theory (JD-R). Results indicate that Mindfulness Meditation and Strategic Subtraction are effective in reducing burnout. These findings offer practical insights for organizations seeking to improve employee well-being and mitigate turnover risks in remote work settings. Implications for leadership strategies and workplace policies are discussed to support sustainable remote work environments through practical interventions.
This study builds on prior research examining gender and job satisfaction by exploring how race—White or non-White—affects gender differences in satisfaction. Using survey data from 566 U.S. workers, the findings reveal that the gender gap in job satisfaction varies notably by racial background. While earlier studies have been inconclusive about whether a gender-based advantage exists in perceived workplace satisfaction, this study identifies a significant gender gap, particularly pronounced among White workers. In contrast, the gap is smaller and less consistent among non-White workers. By integrating the intersection of gender and race, the research offers a more nuanced view of satisfaction disparities and highlights the limitations of analyzing these factors in isolation. The results suggest that overlooking intersectionality may obscure key diversity dynamics. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance for organizations to acknowledge and address the complex identities of employees when seeking to improve workplace well-being and overall performance.
Ontario, one of Canada’s largest provinces, is a strong agricultural producer and plays an important role in Ontario's economy regarding job creation and GDP. It is therefore essential to better understand how Ontario’s farmers' businesses are created and developed in order to render the economy more resilient. This research attempted to identify Ontarian farmers' entrepreneurs’ motives for self-employment and which obstacles they identified as major business threats. In that perspective, a questionnaire derived from the literature was administered to a sample of 60 Ontarian farmer-entrepreneurs. Results revealed that the farmers entrepreneurs in Ontario were primarily motivated by independent goals, by opposition to extrinsic goals such as a desire to increase sales and profits. At the same time, the lack of reliable personnel and government bureaucracy were perceived as major barriers to entrepreneurial success.
SMEs are an important part of Mexico’s economy in terms of job creation and GDP. It is therefore essential to better understand how SMEs are created and developed in order to build a stronger economy. This study aimed to determine the motivations of Mexican entrepreneurs, the success factors they value and the obstacles they face. To achieve this, this research identified and analyzed the entrepreneurial motives, success factors and obstacles experienced by a sample of 278 entrepreneurs in urban Mexico. The results show that entrepreneurs in Mexico are mainly motivated by economic goals, as four of the top six goals identified by firm owners were extrinsic. In terms of success factors, Mexican entrepreneurs favor those related to personal and product/service characteristics while difficulties related to finding reliable personnel as well as the weaknesses of the Mexican economic environment, were reported are the main obstacles by respondents.
