Purpose To evaluate the effects of CpG oligonucleotide on the production of interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin(IL)-12 and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods PBMC was isolated from 20 patients and 20 healthy donors,and then cultured in RPMI-1640 with non-stimulator (control), PPD(10 ng/mL), CpG ODN(2 nmol/mL) and CpG ODN plus PPD respectively. The expression of IFN-γ mRNA,IL-10 mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in PBMC were detected by real-time PCR. Results In control group, the expression of IFN-γ mRNA and IL-12mRNA in patients was lower than that in healthy donors (P0.01, P0.05), the expression of IL- 10 mRNA in patients was similar to that in healthy donors(P0.05). In PPD group, the expression of IFN-γ mRNA,IL-12 mRNA and IL-10 mRNA in patients were higher than that in control groups(P 0.01 ,P0.01,P0.01), but the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in patients was lower than that in healthy donors(P0.01);there was no defference in the expression of IL-12 mRNA between in patients and in healthy donors (P0.05); the expression of IL-10 mRNA in patients was higher than that in healthy donors(P0.01). In CpG ODN group, the expression of IFN-γ mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in patients were higher than that in control groups(P0.01,P0.01), the expression of IFN-γ mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in patients was lower than that in healthy donors (P0.01, P0.05), the expression of IL-10 mRNA in patients was similar to that in control groups and in healthy donors(P0.05, P0.05). In CpG ODN plus PPD group, the expression of IFN-γ mRNA and IL-12 mRNA in patients were higher than that in control groups (P0.01,P0.01), the expression of IFN-γ mRNA was lower than that in healthy donors (P0.01), the expression of IL-10 mRNA in patients was similar to that in control groups and in healthy donors(P0.05,P0.05).Compared with PPD group, in CpG ODN plus PPD group, the expression of IL-12 mRNA in patients was increased(P0.05), while the expression of IL-10 mRNA in patients was impressed(P0.01), and similar to that in healthy donors(P0.05). Conclusions ① There are decreased ability of production of Th1-type cytokines( IFN-γ and IL-12) and increased potential for Th2-type cytokine (IL-10) in PBMC from patients with PTB.② CpG ODN could increase the production of IFN-γ and IL-12,and decrease the production of IL-10.
Purpose To understand the features of the evolution of endometrial cancer during 1969-2003 in department of obstetrics and gynecology of Zhongshan hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai. Methods Two hundreds and nine women with endometrial cancer (from March 1969 to Dec.2003) were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into 4 groups.There were 25 cases in the first group (1969-1979),41 cases in the second group (1979-1989),57 cases in the third group (1989-1999) and 86 cases in the fourth group (2000-2003).Their incidence rates,average ages,combined symptoms with hypertension,diabetes and obesity were compared and analyzed. Results These 4 group cases contain 0.39%, 0.68%,0.84%,and 17.4% of the total in hospital patients in the same peried.The percentage of the fourth group was 44.6,25.6,and 20.7 times more than the first,second,and third groups respectively.The percentage of the third group was 2.2,and 1.2 times more than the first and second groups respectively.The percentage of the second group was 1.7 times more than the first group.The incidences rate were continuously arising,the incidence of the fourth group were nearly ten times as the first one.Every 10 years,the average diagnosed age increased one year (P=0.032 8).Menopause of age and in time of menstruation (P= 0.044 4,P= 0.002 0),the combined symptoms with diabetes and obesity were significantly increased in the third and fourth groups (P=0.011 4,P=0.028 2). Conclusions The resulting change about incidence rate and average diagnosed age of this paper matches the results reported in United States.One of the factors may due to the continuously increased population with related higher risk factors like diabetes ,obesity and menopause of age and in time of menstruation.
Purpose To observe the Pseudomonas aeru ginosa (PA) initiated lung inflammation in endotoxin tolerant rats. Methods Endotoxin tolerance (ET) models of SD male rats were induced by 4 days of daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.6 mg/kg/d Esc heri chia coli LPS (serotype 055:B5).Normal control (NC) group received intraperito neal injections of the same volume saline.On the fifth day,rats were challenged by 0 .2 mL 6×108 cfu/ml PA through rat′s trachea.Blood and left bronchoalveolar lava ge fluid (BALF) were collected before and 6,24 hours after the high dose injecti on of LPS.White cell counting and differentiation of blood and BALF were immedia tely performed.The BALF albumin and its ratios to serum albumin were measured fo r evaluation of pulmonary micro-vascular permeability. Results During three weeks after instilling PA through rat′s trachea,all of the twelve rats including ET and NC group were alive and w e ight decrease in ET group is significantly smaller than that of NC group.In ET g r oup,there was no change in pulmonary micro-vascular permeability as the change of NC group.After instilling PA through rat′s trachea,the blood white cell diff e rentiation shifted from lymphocyte to polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PM N) in NC group,while in ET group it remained lymphocyte.In NC group PMN percenta ge of BALF increased significantly at 6 hours after instilling PA through rat′s trachea,but that of ET group was always less than 1%. Conclusions Endotoxin tolerance can reduce the extent o f acute inflammation with PMN penetration and acute lung injury caused by PA inf ection.
Purpose To observe real-time changes of intracellular calcium arose from glutamate and taurine in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Methods After loading Fluo-3/AM in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, two dimensional image of intracellular calcium and analysis of fluorescence intensity were achieved by Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results An immediate peak of fluorescent intensity of [Ca2+]i was detected as soon as 0.5mmol/L glutamate was applied (P0.001). Fluorescent intensity of [Ca2+]i reduced obviously using 0.5 mmol/L glutamate and 3 mmol/L taurine simultaneously (P 0.001). After the removal of taurine,the rise of fluorescence intensity demonstrated the increase of [Ca+]i (P0.001). Conclusions The results indicated that taurine in moderate concentration may exert antiexcitotoxic and antihypoxic effect partially via its antagonism to [Ca2+]i overload.CLSM can offer twodimensional calcium image of highly resolving power and real-time changes of intracellular calcium.
Purpose To identify the relationship betw een Helicobacter pylori and reflux esophagitis. Methods A case-control study was designed.Among 20 128 patients who accepted gastroscopic examination from March 2002 to Feb. 2004.Tho se 641 patients with reflux esophagitis were included in the case group,and 64 1 controls were selected from the same population by matching sex,age and endosc opic examination date.The Helicobacter pylori infection positive status of e ach patient was determined by positive result of either the rapid urease test or Gimsa staining. Results The rate of reflux esophagitis was 3.18% (641/2 0 128).The Helicobacter pylori positive rate was significantly lower in the case group (39.8%) than in the control group (45.7%,OR:0.785,95%CI:0.629-0.979 ) . Conclusions Helicobacter pylori infection may decre ase the occurrence of reflux esophagitis.
Purpose To elucidate the effects of propofol on cardiac contraction by measuring intracellular Ca 2+ concentration changed in neonatal or adult rats ventricular myocytes. Methods Ventricular myocytes of neonatal or adult rats were cultured or acutely isolated respectively,then were loaded with Fluo-3AM,a new Ca 2+ indicator.The effects of propofol (50,250 μmol/L) on changes of intracellular Ca 2+ fluorescent intensity induced by KCl and caffeine were investigated. Results Propofol caused dose-dependent inhibit Ca 2+ transsarcolemmal influx induced by KCl,peak Ca 2+ fluorescent intensity decreased significantly.The inhibitory effect was more obvious in neonatal ventricular myocytes than in adult at equiopotency of propofol.But propofol didn't alter the amount of Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores in response to caffeine in two kind of myocytes. Conclusions These results indicate that the negative inotropic effects of propofol,at least in part,may be mediated by a decrease of Ca 2+ transsarcolemmal influx through calcium channel,but may not relate to sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release.And the effects on neonate is greater than on adult,which should be considered seriously in clinic use.
Purpose To study the relationship and its significance between TGF-β1 and calponin h1 expression in rat anti-thy-1 glomerulonephritis. Methods Anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis model was produced in rats by injecting anti-Thy-1 polyclonal antibody. Renal samples were obtained from sacrificed rats in 1,3,5,7,14,21,28 days respectively after injection. Immunohitochemistry, Western blot, RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and calponin h1 at protein and nucleic acid level. Results Expression of TGF-β1 increased from 7 day to 21 day at protein level and so did calponin h1 at nucleic acid level. The higest level of calponin h1 protein was found at 7 day. No apparent difference was founded in the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA.Conclusions Elevated expression of TGF-β1 and calponin h1 occured in rat anti-thy-1 glomerulonephritis model. Calponin h1 may play a role in suppression of cell proliferation in early stage of glomerulonephritis.
Purpose To evaluate the association between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pn) infection,atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in patients with diabetes mellitus,type 2 (DM-2). Methods One hundred and twenty eight patients with DM-2 and matched (age,sex) 250 Controls were included in the study.Coronary atherosclerosis was diagnosed by coronary angiography.Their baseline characteristics and AMI were carefully recorded.The serum C.pn specific antibody IgA were measured by ELISA.The serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was detected by Dade Behring prospect(Immuno-nehelomitery).Patients were divided into four groups according to the result of serology: patients without DM-2 and serum antibody IgA against C.pn was negative(Group A);patients without DM-2 but serum antibody IgA against C.pn was positive(Group B) ;patients with DM-2 but serum antibody IgA against C.pn was negative(Group C);patients with DM-2 and serum antibody IgA against C.pn was positive(Group D). Results IgA positivity against C.pn was not different significantly between patients with and without DM-2 (45.2% vs 46.8%).Serum hs-CRP in patients with DM-2 increased significantly;however,there were no significant difference between patients with and without serum antibody IgA against C.pn.Serum CRP of group A,B,C and D were (16.60±3.89),(25.12±3.98),(33.11±3.09) and(29.51±2.29) mg/L respectively.Compared with group A,the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis in group B,C and D increased significantly(83.8%,84.3%,81.0% vs 62.7%),but there were no significant difference among group A,B and C.Compared with other groups,the incidence of AMI in group D increased significantly(25.6%,27.2%,27.1%,43.1%). Conclusions There is no synergistic effect of C.pn infection and DM-2 on coronary atherosis.However,C.pn infection in the patients with DM-2 was associated with incidence of AMI.
Purpose To study the correlation between the expression of integrin α5,β1 subunit in renal clear cell carcinoma and tumour grade and stage. Methods Expression of integrin α5,β1 subunit were examined in 30 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) and 30 cases of normal renal tissues by immunohistochemical technique. Results Expression of integrin α5,β1 subunit in RCC was lower than that in normal renal tissues(P0.05). Conclusions The expression of integrin α5,β1 subunit in RCC was weaker than normal renal tissues. The expression of integrin α5,β1 subunit revealed an positive correlation to tumor grade and inverse correlation to tumor's clinical TMN stage. The results indicate that integrin α5,β1 subunit may has close relationship to RCC's differentiation and metastasis.
Purpose To investigate the outcome and risk factors of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. Methods 296 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into 2 groups:normal albuminuria (NAU) and microalbuminuria (MAU),we mensurated the patients'UAERs,analyzing their clinical and biochemical characteristics,and repeating the mensuration after 4.1 years. Results In group NAU,73.57% patients maintained NAU,24.28% progressed to MAU,2.15% progressed to MaAU; In group MAU,53.20% regressed to NAU,43.59% maintained MAU,3.21% progressed to MaAU.According to the outcome of the patients,we divided all patients into progressed group and unprogressed group,comparing patients'clinical characteristics,and found that there were statistical significances in DBP,sCr,UA and Ccr between the two groups,suggesting that these factors maybe the risk factors of the progress of UAER.Logistic regression analysis showed that DBP,FPG,TG,LDL,HDL were the independent risk factors of the progress of UAER. Conclusions MAU is not a good indicator for the prediction and diagnosis of incipient DN.
Purpose To provide anatomical data for cervical lateral mass screw trajectory by a cadaveric study and two points method. Methods Twenty-eight cervical specimens (C 3～7) of human cadavers aged from 28 to 79 years were studied.The safe entrance and exit points of lateral mass screw were 1 mm medial to the center of the lateral mass and the juncture between the transverse process and the facet respectively.After the Kirschner wires insteading the screws drilled into the lateral masses,the angulations of wires were measured on the lateral radiographs of each specimen and on the transverse radiographs of each vertebrae.The depth of the wire in the lateral mass of C 3～7 were also measured. Results The wire direction was 14～37° lateral and 18～39°cephalad for C 3～7 lateral mass when the K-wires drilled starting at the point 1 mm medial to the center of the lateral mass and exited at the juncture between the transverse process and the facet.The tips of K-wires did not injure the nerve roots and vertebral arteries.The depth of these wires in the lateral mass ranged from 9.4 to 14.8 mm. Conclusions The safe screw trajectory is determined to be 25～35° lateral and 20～30° cephalad,starting 1mm medial to the center of the lateral mass for C 3～7 in order to avoid injuring both the nerve root and the facet joint.The effective length of the screws ranges from 11～12 mm.
Purpose To compare the preparation and image quality obtained with the new radiopharmaceutial Technegas and that of 99mTc-DTPA aerosol in ventilation studies. Methods For Technegas scintigraphy,41 patients inhaled Technegas produced by Technegas Generator.For 99mTc-DTPA aesorol scintigraphy,the other 35 patients inhaled 99mTc-DTPA aesorol produced by Cis ultrasonic nubulizar.Eight views (anterior,posterior,left and right lateral,left and right anterior oblique,left and right posterior oblique) were recorded with a presetting of 500 K counts.Both sets of images were blindly compared for (i) qualitative evaluation of images and (ii) quantitation of peripheral penetration index (PI). Results The use of Technegas led to fewer and less intense foci of bronchial than 99mTc-DTPA aesorol.The difference between Technegas and 99mTc-DTPA aesorol,respectively,between left lung PI (0.92±0.13 vs 0.86± 0.11),right lung PI (0.96±0.12 vs 0.90±0.12) and mean PI (0.94±0.10 vs 0.88±0.09) were significant (P0.05,P0.05,P0.01).Parasitic gastric activity was observed in 51% (21/24) with Technegas and 57% (20/35) with 99mTc-DTPA aesorol,there was not significant difference between the two agents (P0.5). Conclusions The use of Technegas led to much fewer and less intense foci of bronchial,and it assures good peripheral penetration and alveolar deposition.Technegas inhalation study is convenient,safe and useful method for ventilation study.
Purpose To study the relationship between malnutrition,inflammation and cardiac function in maintenance hemodialysis patients (MHD). Methods Seventy-nine stable MHD patients were recruited. Subjective global assessment (SGA), modified SGA and anthropometric measurements were used to assess nutritional status. Meanwhile, biochemical parameters, echocardiogram and adequacy of dialysis were examined. The relationship between malnutrition, inflammation and cardiac function were analyzed. Results Malnourished patients had significantly lower percentage of ideal body weight,body mass index (BMI), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF), haematocrit(HCT), serum albumin(ALB), higher modified SGA score, C-reactive protein(CRP), plasma ferritin (SF). Prevalence of malnutrition, modified SGA score, white blood cell count(WBC), total protein(TP) and globulin (GLB) were significantly higher in those with higher CRP level, while ALB was lower. E/A ratio less than 1, a parameter correspecting to damage of left cardiac ventricle, was more frequent in higher CRP group. CRP was correlated with ALB negatively, while with SGA, modified SGA,WBC and GLB positively. After controlling the variables of age,weight,height,partial correlation analysis showed a significant correlation only between CRP and modified SGA. Conclusions Type II malnutrition, which seems strongly associated with inflammation, is popular in MHD population. Prevalence of left cardiac ventricle damage correlates with inflammation but not with malnutrition.
Purpose To explore the effects of Endothelin-1 on the migration and invasion abilities of prostate carcinoma cell line PC3. Methods PC3 cells were cultured in vitro and interfered with endothelin-1.The migration and invasion abilities of PC3 cell were observed by erasion trace test,Boyden-chamber chemotaxis and chemoinvasion assay.The mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by RT-PCR synthesis,and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by gelatin zymography,respectively. Results Compared with control group,the migration and invasion abilities of PC3 cell of eodothelin-1 group were statistically higher,the synthesis and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of eodothelin-1 group were statistically higher,P 0.05. Conclusions Endothelin-1 promotes the migration and invasion abilities of prostate carcinoma cells,and one of the mechanisms is to promote the synthesis and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
Purpose To study the growth patterns of the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) infants and to provide the basis for application of intervening measures. Methods Two hundred and ten IUGR infants born in our hospital and obstetrics and gynecology hospital affiliated to Fudan university were enrolled,and parameters such as weight,length and head circumference were measured at birth and at 6,12,24 month of age. Results A total of 188 IUGR infants were involved in the follow-up.The mean birth weight infants were 2 270 g.About 54.25% of the 188 infants had birth weight 2 500 g;another 24.47% was premature infants).In the growth curve,IUGR infants experienced the obvious catch-up growth,earlier in female infants and faster in premature infants. Conclusions IUGR infants had a apparent catch-up growth during the first 2 years.It is also means that the great plasticity of growth during the period and these infants may respond to targeted postnatal interventions during the first 2 years.Interventions in early infancy would involve promotion of breast-feeding and the nutrient supplement.
Purpose To explore the apoptosis effects on K562 cells induced by M1 RNA (subunit of RNase P) with guide sequence (M1-GS RNA) against BCR-ABL mRNA. Methods pAVGS4 (M1-GS RNA expression vector) was transferred into K562 cells by X-tremeGENE Q2.pNAV-1(the blank vector) was regarded as the control.Annexin Ⅴ +PI,TUNEL and electronic microscope(EM) were used to determine the apoptosis changes at 24,48,72 and 96 hours after transfection. Results EM showed that there were large numbers of prominent apoptotic cells in observational group,but less apoptotic cells in the control.There were little difference between the observational groups and the control at 24 hour after transfection.Cell apoptotic rate was increasing with the time after transfection.Little changes in apoptotic rate were found in the controls. Conclusions pAVGS4 can effectively induce K562 cells into apoptosis.M1-GS RNA is a promising tool for molecular target therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Purpose To evaluate the radionuclide bone i maging in the appraisement of the effect of Endocrinotherapy in prostate cancer. Methods From July 1996 to January 2002,60 cases of p rostate cancer were measured by radionuclide bone imaging before and after endoc rinotherapy.The PSA tests were taken at the same time as control.Imaging finding s were measured and analyzed. Results Bone metastasis changes had 3 types according t o different reactions to the endocrinotherapy: 1)decreased or disappeared; 2)kept stable; 3)emerged or augmented.The changes were matched to the PSA expression. Conclusions Radionuclide bone imaging can monito r the change of bone metastasis directly.And it has the same important value as PSA in the appraisement of the effect of Endcrinotherapy in prostate cancer.
Purpose To investigate the clinical and pathological features and their relationships with the prognosis in idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN). Methods Baseline data of 86 cases of IMN were extracted at the time of diagnostic renal biopsy and there were 44 cases follow-up.The end points were end-stage renal failure (ESRF) or double baseline value of serum creatinine (deterioration of renal function).Kaplan-Meier curves and COX proportional hazards model were used in the survival analysis. Results Of 86 IMN patients,54.7% had proteinuria of greater than 3.5 g/24 h and 44.2% had nephrotic syndrome.The Kaplan-Meier estimated the renal survival rates were 96% at 5 years and 61.8% at 10 years from onset,while 84.5% at five years and 55.6% at ten years from renal biopsy.The predictors for IMN outcome were serum creatinine level(hazard ratio 1.02,P=0.035) and serum cholesterol level(hazard ratio 1.33, P=0.023). Conclusions Serum creatinine and serum cholesterol can predict deterioration of renal function.Renal biopsy is recommended performing as early as possible.
Purpose In order to investigate whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) could improve the peripheral neuropathy in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and its influence on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Methods Diabetic animal model was induced by injection intraperitonally of STZ,and blood glucose were controlled using injection of regular insulin and protamine zine insulin.After 2 months of diabetes onset,the neuropathy was diagnosed through observing the ultrastructure under electron-microscope,and rats were divided randomized into three groups:① Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) group(n=31):inhale oxygen (concentration 97%) in animal chamber 1 hour per day at the pressure of 0.15 MPa for 1 to 20 days.② Diabetic model (DM,n=32) group:diabetic rats diagnosed neurepathy without any treatment.③ Normal control (NC,n=20) group:rats were injected normal solution intraperitonally and with normal blood glucose.At the 10 th and 20 th day of oxygenation,the rats in three groups were killed randomized after measuring the nerve conducting velocity(NCV),and the arterial blood were collected from bilateral femoral artery,and the nerve of hind-limb was taken immediately.The glucose levels of nail vein were measured using glucometer before death,and the serum TGF-β1 levels were measured using EIA method.At the same time,the pathological change of nerve tissue was observed using HE staining,and the TGF-β1 immunostaining in peripheral nerve was observed using DAB two-step method.The ultrastructure of them was also observed under electron-microscope. Results Except 1 rat died of anaethesation,30 rats completed the oxygenation in HBOT group.In DM group, excluded 2 died of hypoglycemic coma,data of 30 rats were collected.After 10 days treatment,the serum TGF-β1 levels in HBOT group decreased slightly but significantly than DC group,and they were still higher than NC group.But no obvious neural pathological change was observed in HBOT group,and the improvement of nerve ultrastructure was discovered,like the improvement of myelination and neuraxon and the increasing number of Schwann cells. At 20th day after oxygenation,serum TGF-β1 levels[(121.68±20.01)ng/mL] decreased significantly than that of DM group [(154.71±18.79) ng/mL].There was no significant difference between treatment group and NC group[(125.4±38.38) ng/mL].The improvement of nerve ultrastructure was observed in oxygenation rats but not in DM rats,and the immunostaining of TGF-β1 in nerve axon and compartments beside it was reduced obviously in HBOT group. Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved the peripheral neuropathy in STZ-diabetic rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the circulation TGF-β1 and its expression in nerve tissue.
Purpose To analyze the long term prognosi s of epithelial ovarian cancer treated by CAP regimen. Methods Of 178 patients with staging operation and hist olo gically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer,FIGO stage I to IV were retrospectiv ely analyzed.All of the patients received CAP (cyclophosphamide,do-xorubicin,ca rboplatinum /cisplatin) chemotherapy after surgery. Results Five-year disease-free survival was 96.4%,73 .0%,53.6%,25.8% in stage I a,I b-c,Ⅱ,Ⅲ respectively.Four-year dis ease-free survival was 0 in stage Ⅳ.Significant difference was found in four- year survival rate between stage Ⅱ～Ⅳ serouse(P=0.018 9),endometriod adeno carcinoma(P=0.035 8) and clear cell carcinoma.No significant difference was found in disease-free survival within age groups. Conclusions CAP regimen may still be used as standard c hemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer.But this regimen may not b e worthy for clear cell carcinoma,advanced and recurrent tumor treated previous ly by platinum.
