Imaginary numbers are not merely a part of mathematical jugglery they are of relevance in the real world too. Mathematical models involving real-time and imaginary space are efficient in predicting observable effects and beyond. This research paper aims to reformulate the special relativity using perplex numbers or split complex numbers also known as hyperbolic complex numbers which mankind has been familiar with even before we knew about relativity. Hypotheses that time is real and space is imaginary offers a new look at the space-time fabric. The invariant quantities in special relativity are of hyperbolic formats. This eventually leads to hyperbolic geometry that supports the basic structure of equations. Therefore, the use of hyperbolic complex numbers or perplex numbers handles all perspectives of special relativity with elegance and offers a great degree of simplicity so that even with a meager knowledge of mathematics allows the reader to handle special relativity. The findings support the hypothesis that time is real and space is imaginary in perplexes number representation. A few applications of special relativity in the realm of Quantum Mechanics and Nuclear Physics viz Berkley Collider, Compton’s Effect, Quantum Doppler Effect have been successfully explored.
NGS is new innovation for DNA and RNA sequencing and variation/transformation recognition. This innovation consolidates the benefits of interesting sequencing sciences, distinctive sequencing networks, and bioinformatics technology. Such a blend permits a massive parallel sequencing of different lengths of DNA or RNA arrangements or even whole genome within a moderately short period of timeframe. It is a progressive sequencing innovation after Sanger sequencing. NGS includes a several significant steps in sequencing. For instance, DNA NGS includes DNA fragmentation, library preparation, massive parallel sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and variation/ mutation annotation and interpretation.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) alludes to the reproduction of human intelligence in machines that are modified to think like people and copy their activities. The term may likewise be applied to any machine that shows characteristics related with a human brain, for example, learning and critical thinking. A subset of Artificial Intelligence is machine learning, which alludes to the idea that the computers can naturally gain new information without being helped by people.
Every month many women are plagued by menstrual cramps, few know just what triggers them, and this is a concern in and of itself. Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause in teenage girls of chronic short-term school absence and is a common issue in women of reproductive age. In fact, it is estimated that over 600 million hours are lost from work each year due to dysmenorrheal. Many women are familiar with the experience of dysmenorrhea, which can contribute to significant physical and emotional distress and life disruption.
Genetically modified crops or transgenic crops are the plants whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques for commercial purposes. Plant genomes can be engineered by using different physical methods or by the use of Agrobacterium. The main purpose of alteration in the genome is to introduce a new trait to the plant that does not occur naturally in the species. Examples of the traits commonly introduced in food crops includes resistance to pests, diseases, heat, drought, moisture, reduction of spoilage, resistance to chemical treatments (e.g. resistance to herbicides, pesticides), or improvement in the nutrient content of the crop. Traits introduced in non-food crops include greater production of pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and other industrially useful goods.
Development of Cancer occurs over time with the accumulation of mutations and genetic changes in cells. The characteristic features a normal cell gets as it transforms into a precancerous cell and finally into a cancer cell are called the “Hallmarks of Cancer”. These are the distinguishing features that make cancer cells different from normal cells. These are the features that distinguish cancer cells form normal healthy cells.
Supplementation of a combination of organic acids and essential oils (Aquavibra™) was evaluated for its effect during experimental infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate-XN89 that caused acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND) in white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei as compared to that of an antibiotic. Initially, the in vitro minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of Aquavibra™ against VPAHPND isolate XN89 were determined to be 3.12 – 1.56 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml, respectively. Aquavibra™ exhibited efficient biofilm reduction (85%), which was comparable to that of chloramphenicol (88%). An experimental challenge was conducted in shrimp juveniles with XN89 at 105 CFU/mL (LC50) following a 42-day feeding period using a diet supplemented with 0.5% of Aquavibra™. The growth and FCR between the Aquavibra™ supplemented group, and the control were not significantly different (P>0.05) after the feeding period. The experimental challenge resulted in 83% mortality in the infected control group. Antibiotic supplementation in feed using Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim® ) resulted in significant improvement in survival (61.54%), while the Aquavibra™ group showed comparable survival rate (60%) at 120 h post-challenge. Histopathological analysis revealed hepatopancreatic tissues with normal tubule epithelia in the uninfected group and severe collapsed hepatopancreatic tubule epithelia in the infected control group. However, the histopathology of moribund shrimp from Aquavibra™ and antibiotic supplemented groups revealed a mix of normal and thin collapsed hepatopancreatic epithelia, indicating less bacterial colonization of pathogens in hepatopancreas. Results from the present study indicate that dietary supplementation of Aquavibra™ at 0.5% is promising against AHPND in white shrimp.
I am pleased to introduce Advances in Applied Science Research (AASR) Advances in Applied Science Research, is an Open Access Journal that is a leading source for peer-reviewed articles offering the latest information on Agricultural Sciences to Nuclear Engineering. The Journal covers a wide spectrum of issues including Biodiversity Environmental Engineering, Medicine Research, Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences. I am pleased to announce that, all issues of volume 10 were published online well within the time and the print issues were also brought out and dispatched within 30 days of publishing the issue online during the year of 2019.
Small and Medium size Software Enterprises (SME’s) often faces many challenges in the pursuit of developing quality software due to various factors such as limited resources, time and complexity, cost, frequent changes in the requirement by the stakeholder due to the agile development process where customer satisfaction is paramount. Even though the testing activities carried out in a traditional way but still there are many projects exposed to vulnerability and other critical issues which goes unnoticed. Exploratory Testing is an approach which helps to solve this issue by identifying the bugs which can be fixed before being delivered to the stakeholder. So far there is no standard approach available for Exploratory Testing. Based on the previous research work and analysing various literatures, a new conceptual framework has been developed. The proposed conceptual framework for Exploratory Testing, is to be analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The reliability and validity of the research framework is being assessed using the measurement model in PLS-SEM.
4 position of 1-amino-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole, which was derived from carbazole through three steps, was oxidatively substituted and a carbazole-1,4-diimine type compound was obtained. The sterically crowded molecular structure of the substituted product was revealed by X-ray crystal structural analysis.
The Maastrichtian Mamu Formation is an intracratonic formation within the Anambra Basin and is one of the three upper Cretaceous coal measures. An extensive geological field mapping was carried out on well-exposed lithostratigraphic sections. Successions were measured and their peculiar sedimentological features such as textures, physical and biogenic sedimentary structures and used to characterize the facies, facies variations, facies associations and grain size analysis were documented and used to interpret the depositional environments and suggest a paleogeographic model. Eleven lithofacies identified from the formation were grouped into subtidal channel facies and intertidal flat facies based on association The Mamu Formation is made up of bioturbated cross to massive bedded sandstone, siltstone, dark grey to light grey fissile shale, mudstone and milky white claystone which often displays a fining upward trend. The sandstone facies is coarse to fine-grained, poorly to moderately well sorted, leptokurtic and negatively skewed possibly deposited from fluvial source. Tide generated sedimentary structures such as herringbone cross beddings, tidal bundles, reactivation surfaces, clay drapes and clay flasers suggest tidal dominance over wave process. Typical sedimentary structures displayed by the subtidal channel and intertidal flat facies include herringbone cross-bedding, trough cross bedding, tabular cross-bedding, reactivation surfaces, burrows and clay drapes suggest tidal dominance over wave process. Vertical burrows of Ophiomorpha and Skolithos which belongs to Skolithos ichnofacies typifies littoral/intertidal environment suggests show colonization of only suspension feeders typical of high-energy environment. The multivariate scatter plots of the discriminate functions calculated from grain size data indicate deposition of the sandstones in a predominantly shallow marine/subtidal deposit. The fissility of shale the textural study of the siltstone facies suggests deposition in a low energy environment. However, field and textural studies of the sandstone facies suggest that the sediments were deposited in a relatively high-energy environment with tidal influence. The probability curve suggests deposition by rolling to bottom suspension rolling condition. The bimodal oblique paleocurrent pattern obtained shows that the formation was deposited in environment such as shoreline (beach) or fluvio-deltaic where tidal effect is significant. Paleocurrent studies and textural characteristics indicate that the sediments were from more than one source. Probably a regressive model is proposed for the Mamu Formation. Mamu Formation in the study area is deposited in subtidal channel and intertidal flat environments.
Investigations were carried out to ascertain the antifungal activity of English camphor basil (Ocimum canum) leaves and flower extracts on some selected fungi associated with skin infections. Plant samples were collected at Mista Ali, Bassa LGA of Plateau State. Phytochemical analysis was carried out in the Biochemistry Laboratory of National Veterinary Research Institute Vom (NVRI), located in Jos South LGA. Qualitatively, both extract revealed the presence of steroids, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids while tannins were detected in the leaves extract only. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in the quantity of inherent phytochemical components of the extracts. Cardiac glycoside was present in the leaves and flower extracts of Ocimum canum. The test organisms, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, T. rubrum, T. vericosum, M. canis were obtained from the microbial banks of bacteriology and dermatophilosis sections of NVRI, Vom and were standardized with a Nephelometer. T. mentagrophytes was the only fungi specie susceptible to both extracts. The flower extract had significantly higher (p<0.05) antifungal activity (20 ± 0.93 mm) against T. mentagrophytes than the leaves extract (16.7 ± 1.53 mm). Both extracts showed MIC of 25 mg/ml against T. mentagrophytes. MFC ranged from 50-100 mg/ml for the sensitive fungal isolate. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) from the combined extracts varied from 1.89 to 3.97on the fungus and that showed lack of interaction (FICI<4). Synergistic activity of O. canum was not effective on fungal isolates tested. However, bioactive constituents of the plant parts can be of pharmacological importance.
Study of indoor radon has been carried out in Al Elaf Distinguish Secondary School for Girls in Basrah Governorate, south of Iraq, using LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). Indoor radon has become a great concern worldwide due to its health hazard effects on population. Lung cancer risk depends upon the concentration of radon and their decay products in air above action level. In the present study the value of concentration of radon ranges from 28 to 128 Bq.m-3 with an average value of 57 Bq.m-3. The Potential of Alpha Energy Concentration (PAEC) in terms of mWL ranges from 3.03 to 13.84 with an average value of 6.19. The annual exposure in terms of WLM ranges from 0.04 to 0.16 with an average value of 0.07. The annual effective dose ranges from 0.14 - 0.63 mSv.y-1 with an average value of 0.28 mSv.y-1. All these values are within the acceptable level.
This paper focuses attention on the functionalization of multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). It is important to disperse carbon nanotubes in organic and inorganic solvent, otherwise; the carbon nanotubes are aggregated and lost their efficiency. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes was carried out by chemical method. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectrum showed the functionalization of carbon nanotubes. A new peak was observed in around 1726 cm-1 as C=O stretch vibration in the carboxyl group (COOH). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations showed that MWCNTs were dispersed effectively in aqueous solution.
This paper introduces a successful application of neural networks in predicting porosity, fluid saturation and identifying lithofacies using well log data. This technique utilizes the prevailing unknown nonlinear relationship in data between well logs and the reservoir properties, to determine accurately certain petrophysical properties of the reservoir rocks under different compaction conditions. In heterogeneous reservoirs classical methods face problems in determining the relevant petrophysical parameters accurately. Applications of artificial intelligence have recently made this challenge a possible practice. This paper presents successful achievement in applying two trained NN, one for porosity prediction and second training for one for water saturation using 5 log data inputs: (Gamma Ray)GR, (Laterolog Deep)LLD, (density) RHOB, (Neutron) NPHI.
The Biostratigraphy of an exposed section of Arimogija-Okeluse shale of the Araromi Formation, Dahomey Basin sequence was carried out on ten samples. A total of five samples each were used for both foraminiferal and palynological analysis. The analysis was done using modern laboratory tools to conduct comprehensive palynological and foraminiferal studies on all samples. The foraminiferal analysis was carried out in this section for the first time to determine the stratigraphic age and paleoenvironment of deposition of the sequence. The lithologic unit comprises of dark to grey fissile shale. The palynomorphs species is more than the foraminiferal species, but in terms of abundance the forams is more abundant than the palynomorphs. Forty-one palynomorph species comprising Pollen, Spores, Dinoflagellate and Diatom frustules were recovered on analysis. The Palynomorphs species is characterized by diagnostic forms such as, Retidiporites magdalenensis, Cingulatisporites ornatus, Constructipollenites ineffectus, Erecipites sp and Monocolpollenites sphaeroidites. Other important features of the shale section are the relatively high frequency of Monosulcites perspinosus, Hafniasphaera hyalospinosa, spiniferites sp, Laevigatosporites sp and cooccurrence of, Longapertites sp, and Operculodinium sp. The section was also rich in forams. The Benthic arenaceous Foraminifera were abundant and diverse with fourteen benthic species while the planktics and calcareous benthic species are absent due to depositional environment which result in the dearth of the species. The interval is characterized by the co-occurrences of Haplophragmoides excavate, Haplophagmoides hausa, Ammobaculites coprolithiforms, Spiroplectammina dentate, Trochammina sewellensis, Trochammina fibstonensis, Trochammina sp, Ammobaculites sp, Trochammina saheliense, Haplophragmoides sp. All these forms are known to depict Maastrichtian age. However, Middle Maastrichtian age is suggested for Arimogija-Okeluse shale based on the fact that it has features such as acme occurrence of Longapertites marginatus which define Middle Maastrichtian ages. The paleoenvironment of deposition of the Arimogija -Okeluse shale is marginal marine characterized by co-occurrence of dinoflagellate such as Adnatosphaaeridium vittatum, Areoligerasenonensis, spiniferites sp Hafniasphaera hylospinosa. A comprehensive study of Arimogija-Okeluse Shale was carried out by adopting both palynological and foraminiferal biostratigraphic studies so as to establish the stratigraphic age and paleoenvironment of the study area as informed by previous workers.
