Murine muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) have been shown capable of regenerating bone in a critical size calvarial defect model when transduced with BMP 2 or 4; however, the contribution of the donor cells and their interactions with the host cells during the bone healing process have not been fully elucidated. To address this question, C57/BL/6J mice were divided into MDSC/BMP4/GFP, MDSC/GFP, and scaffold groups. After transplanting MDSCs into the critical-size calvarial defects created in normal mice, we found that mice transplanted with BMP4GFP-transduced MDSCs healed the bone defect in 4 wk, while the control groups (MDSC-GFP and scaffold) demonstrated no bone healing. The newly formed trabecular bone displayed similar biomechanical properties as the native bone, and the donor cells directly participated in endochondral bone formation via their differentiation into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes via the BMP4-pSMAD5 and COX-2-PGE2 signaling pathways. In contrast to the scaffold group, the MDSC groups attracted more inflammatory cells initially and incurred faster inflammation resolution, enhanced angiogenesis, and suppressed initial immune responses in the host mice. MDSCs were shown to attract macrophages via the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and promote endothelial cell proliferation by secreting multiple growth factors. Numerous studies have shown that cycloxygenase-2 (Cox-2) deficient mice have a delayed and reduced bone fracture healing capacity. Previously, we showed that COX-2 is expressed dynamically during muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC) mediated bone regeneration; however, the identity of the COX-2 expressing cells and the role they play in the bone healing process has not been clearly elucidated. This study investigated the role of COX-2 expression by donor and host cells in MDSC-mediated bone repair utilizing a critical size calvarial defect model in mice. We found that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)( BMP4/GFP) transduced MDSCs formed significantly less bone in the defect area of Cox-2 knock-out (Cox-2KO) mice than wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, MDSCs isolated from the Cox-2KO mice and transduced with BMP4/GFP also form significantly less bone than MDSCs isolated from the WT mice when transplanted into calvarial defects created in CD-1 nude mice. Histologically, there was less collagen 1 matrix deposition and fewer GFP positive osteoblasts and osteocytes present in the new bone area in the Cox-2KO MDSC/BMP4/GFP transplantation group than the WT MDSC/ BMP4/GFP group. At day 14, there was a reduction in BMP4-pSMAD1/5/8 signaling in the Cox-2KO MDSC/BMP4/GFP group. Furthermore, there were fewer GFP+Ki67+ cells found in the Cox-2KO MDSC/BMP4/GFP group than in the WT MDSC/BMP4/GFP group indicating a reduction in the proliferative capacity of the Cox-2KO group in vivo. A reduction in cell survival and direct osteogenic differentiation capacity was also observed with the Cox-2KO MDSC/BMP4/ GFP cells, which is likely involved with the impaired bone regeneration observed with these cells. These effects were mediated, at least in part, by the down regulation of IGF1 and IGF2 expression in the Cox-2KO MDSCs. In addition, the Cox-2KO MDSC/BMP4/GFP cells recruited fewer macrophages to the defect site by day 3, and a slower resolution of the inflammatory process was observed when compared to the WT- MDSC/BMP4/GFP cells. Our findings indicated that BMP4GFP-transduced MDSCs not only regenerated bone by direct differentiation, but also positively influenced the host cells (inflammatory cells) to coordinate and promote bone tissue repair through a paracrine mechanism. Furthermore, we found that COX-2 expression by the donor and host cells played an important role in MDSC mediated bone regeneration, though the lack of COX-2 expression by the donor cells appear to be more detrimental to bone formation than the lack of COX-2 by the host. The impaired bone regeneration capacity of the Cox-2KO MDSCs was due to a reduction in cell proliferation and survival capacities, less efficient osteogenic differentiation and a reduction of the cells’ ability to recruit host inflammatory cells to the injury site. Note: This Work is Partly Presented at 4th International Conference and Exhibition on Immunology September 28-30, 2015, Houston, TX, USA
In our ongoing research to identify effective and simple compounds, we studied the cyclocondensation of 5-Chlorosatin derivatives by the action of Diamino-5- bromo-pyridine to give heterocyclic possessing Pyrido [2,3-b] Pyrazines, in a moderate to good yield. The synthesized products were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In addition, the antibacterial properties in vitro were tested against certain microorganisms using the disk diffusion technique. The final results revealed that the majority of the compounds exhibited good antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.
Achieving metabolomic data with satisfactory coverage is a formidable challenge in metabolomics because metabolites are a chemically highly diverse group of compounds. The knowledge concerning the behavior of these Bacilli as antagonists and metabolite analysis is essential for their effective use and the commercialization. The present study was focused on selection of best biocontrol antifungal Bacillus strain against aflatoxin producing Aspergillus by antagonism on PDA medium. About 16 different strains of bacteria were isolated from healthy and infested rhizosphere of groundnut using N-agar medium. The isolates were identified based on morphological and microscopic characters. Bacterial isolate JND-KHGn- 29-A and JND-KSGn-30-L were recorded to be a best antagonist as of its ability to inhibit most toxic fungus A. flavus JAM-JKB-BHA-GG20 (58.20%) after screening with 16 Bacillus isolates. GCMS analysis of best and least bacterial antagonist Bacillus subtilis (JND-KHGn-29-A, Accession KU984480) inoculated onto N-agar medium identified total 55 and 42 compounds respectively. Whereas GCMS analysis from best bacterial antagonist Pseudomonas isolate no. 14 (JNDKSGn- 30-L) inoculated onto N-agar identified total 60 compounds.
Unfortunately, the lower yield of bioactive metabolites is the challenge for its higher accessibility, thus, searching for alternative sources with promising producing potency is the prospective. Endophytic fungi are the potential repertoire for bioactive metabolites, thus exploring the bioactive compounds with anticancer activity was objective. 48 fungal isolates were recovered from the tested medicinal plants in Egypt, at the Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Zagazig University, and their potency to produce compounds with anticancer activity has been assessed using the TLC, HPLC and PCR genome mining. The chemical identity of the compounds was verified by HPLC, NMR, FTIR and LC–MS analyses as alkaloid EFBL with potential activity towards various tumor cell lines. Aspergillus fumigatus was the potent alkaloid EFBL producer as revealed from the chromatographic analyses and PCR of molecular markers. Alkaloid EFBL from A. fumigatus displayed a strong antiproliferative activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 as revealed from the IC50 values 94.88 and 165.94 μg/ml, respectively. The productivity of Alkaloid EFBL from A. fumigatus was optimized by surface response methodology with Plackett-Burman and Faced Centered Central Composite. With the Plackett-Burman design, the yield of Alkaloid EFBL by its original media (potato dextrose broth) was higher than the Nutrition factorial design one. This is the first report exploring the feasibility of endophytic fungi for Alkaloid EFBL producing potency that could be a novel platform for industrial production.
Nosocomial infections are a threat to hospitalized patients and the advent of antimicrobial resistance has aggravated this scenario. In this presentation, you will learn how proteins secreted by Bionectra ochroleuca and Aspergillus tubingensis fungi were employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNP) that presented excellent antimicrobial properties. Using an eco-friendly approach, we obtained nanoparticles that proved effective against S. aureus, E. coli and several clinically relevant Candida strains. The nanoparticles' characterization was carried out using several methods, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and gel electrophoresis. Further experiments revealed that cotton and polyester fabrics impregnated with AgNP also exhibit antimicrobial properties against such pathogens, reaching up to 100% bacterial inhibition. The proteins capping the nanomaterial were identified, providing more insights into the mechanism of metal reduction. Recently, investigations on the nanoparticles' interaction with Bacillus subtilis biofilm showed inhibition over 70% at 8 μM. These results pave the way for the exploration of biological nanoparticles in clinical applications. We propose the material to be used as a means to prevent and /or decrease hospital-acquired infections.
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a devastating genetic disease with three main phenotypes (childhood cerebral forms, adrenomyeloneuropathy(AMN) and Addison disease(AD). Tuberculosis is the commonest cause of AD in underdeveloped countries whereas autoimmune destruction accounts for 75-80% cases in developed countries. This is the first case report of X-AMN/ALD in two brothers in Bangladesh confirmed by raised very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA). Our index patient of 19 years presented with anorexia, weakness, vomiting, weight loss for three years with increased pigmentation in perioral skin, lips, tongue, mucus membrane, palmar creases, knuckles, reduced scalp hair(figure-1a-d), postural hypotension, low BMI, was found to have low basal Cortisol (9.00 am), ACTH >1250 pg/ml (normal1250 pg/ml) with normal basal cortisol (9.00am). Plasma VLCFA analysis revealed significantly high C26:0 with abnormal ratio of C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 in both brothers, with normal level in mother(table-1).
Tandem solar cell combining silicon and perovskites is known to be a wonderful match for efficient solar cell design. However, perovskites is suffering for its stability and silicon is supposed to be superior in nanostructure features. Therefore, in this communication, we are proposing an innovative approach to devise silicon based nanostructures fabricated from top-down strategy and combining the same with lead-free perovskite that was synthesized in ambient environment. Preliminary results confirmed successful and reproducible fabrication of silicon nanopyramids (Si-NPys) and nanowires (Si-NWs). Morphology of the same nanostructures was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Further finite different time domain (FDTD) analysis in different solar spectrum was carried out to understand absorption depth profile, energy flux distribution, electromagnetic field localization and exciton generation rate distribution happened to be available in such nanostructures and influence in exciton generation in perovskite absorbing materials deposited atop in tandem configuration. Figure as shown below depicts the evidence of Si-NPys of Si-NWs growth using Si wafer as initial materials. It is noteworthy to mention that the dimension of such silicon nanostructures depends on experimental conditions such as temperature, precursor concentration, etching time etc.FDTD simulation suggested confined exciton generation rate distribution in such nanometric structures and thus active absorbing material such as perovskite would get enormous influence thereof.Authors acknowledge CoRERE, RI, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. MKH acknowledges Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) for funding this work through project No. IN151003. Biography: Dr. Mohammad Kamal Hossain is a recipient of K.A.CARE (King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy) Research Fellowship and has been working in Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRERE), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 2010. Dr. Hossain completed his D. Engg. at Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan (in collaboration with National Institute for Materials Science, NIMS) in 2007, Masters in Microelectronics (School of Advanced Technology) at Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Thailand in 2003. The area of specialization includes, but not limited to, optoelectronics and nanoplasmonics using nanoscale materials in multidimensional features suitable for solar cell, sensor, catalyst, hydrogen production, etc. Dr. Hossain possesses 15+ patents and 110+ research articles in the field of nanoplasmonics and nanostructured materials along with a book and several book chapters. Dr. Hossain has been employed and collaborated with many international and highly reputed groups in Japan.
Commercial antifungal drugs lead to develop fungal resistance and cause their own side effects to humans. Alternative use of plant essential oil as antifungal agent was attempted. The present study revealed that the extracted essential oil from Artemisia nilagirica was assessed for its chemical constituents and antifungal activity against four food borne fungi. Forty compounds were present in the essential oil out of which thujone was the major compound followed by γ- curcimene, α- caryophyllene, lavundulol and germacrene. Minimum inhibitory concentration for Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium notatum was 57.33, 32.66, 87.66 and 13.66 μl/L air respectively. Results obtained showed that the Essential oil has more potency against P. notatum followed by other fungal species at a slightly higher concentration.
Background: The search for new pharmaceutical excipients with multifunctional properties to meet the technical challenges inherent in the formulation of drug products containing special pharmacologically active compounds possessing complex physico-chemical characteristics and elaborate technologies in their production procedures is continuous. Aim: The development of directly compressible (DC) co-processed powders (CPPs) containing lactose (LTS), Mucuna flagellipes seed gum (Mucuna gum) (MG) and Ipomoea batatas tuber starch (potato starch) (PS) was undertaken. Materials and methods: Batches CPP-A: LTS (75%), MG (7.5%), PS (17.5%) and CPP-B: LTS (75%), MG (10%), PS (15%) were formulated. Homogenized constituents were transferred into a 1-litre beaker, blended with 80ml of deionized water, placed in a water-bath (100o C) and stirred till it began to gel. It was removed and stirred for 10 min, spread in an oven (50o C) for 1 h and sieved (1.7 mm), dried to constant weight (50o C) and sieved (250 µm). The CPPs were characterized, compressed into compacts and evaluated beside their constituent materials and MicroceLac®-100 (MC-100) as controls. Results: The CPPs with improved flowability (CPP-B>CPP-A>MC-100) and compressibility were obtained compared to their starting materials, resulting to compacts with mechanical strength: MC-100 > CPP-B >> CPP-A with CPP-A and CPP-B not disintegrating after 30 min. Conclusion: The CPP-A or CPP-B could be suitable as DC diluent for sustained-release or chewable tablets and in producing tablets with low dose drug of which a disintegrant may be incorporated extra-granularly.
Ameloblastic Carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits features of ameloblastoma along with features of cytological atypia. Owing to its varied clinical presentations and its histologic resemblance with Ameloblastoma, it is often misdiagnosed. Since few cases have been reported due to its rare frequency, there is paucity in the literature and there is no distinct recommendations regarding the same. The current paper reported two cases of Ameloblastic Carcinoma with different clinical presentations, one reported in a nineteen year old male patient with features of benign ameloblastoma in the superficial lesion and deeper aspect revealed features of ameloblastic carcinoma with lymph node metastasis while the second case reported in a forty-five year old female patient with classic features of Ameloblastic Carcinoma.
The Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) are a managerial quality control system covering the organisational process and the conditions under which non-clinical health and environmental studies are planned, performed, monitored, recorded, reported and retained (or archived). The OECD Principles of GLP are followed by test facilities carrying out studies to be submitted to receiving authorities for the purposes of assessing the health and environmental safety of chemicals and chemical products which may also be of natural or biological origin and, in some circumstances, may be living organisms. The Principles of GLP define the responsibilities of test facility management, study director, study personnel and quality assurance personnel that are operating within a GLP system, and minimum standards concerning the suitability of facilities and equipment to perform studies, the need for standard operating procedures, documentation of raw data, study reports, the archiving of records, etc. The main intent of GLP is to regulate the practice of Scientists working on safety testing of prospective drugs. The safety of a drug is the key issue and GLP is seen as a means of ensuring that scientists do not invent or manipulate safety data and ensuring that studies are properly managed and conducted to obtain valid experimental data. The GLP regulations are set of rules for good practice and help researchers to perform their work in compliance with OECD-GLP principles using approved study plan and standard operating procedures
Warm examination involves a gathering of strategies where a physical property of a substance is estimated to a controlled temperature program. One of the warm investigation procedures, Differential Scanning Calorimetry is introduced in this survey. It is a profoundly delicate strategy to contemplate the thermotropic properties of various natural macromolecules and concentrates. The outcomes given from the Differential Scanning Calorimetry bends rely upon the readiness of the example, and on the instrument affectability. A few sorts of Differential Scanning Calorimetry instruments are depicted alongside their applications. Likewise an endeavor is made to present more up to date hyphenated strategies of Differential Scanning Calorimetry.
Androgenic alopecia, characterized by hair loss, has been correlated with high androgen levels, especially dihydrotestosterone. Finasteride treatment inhibits 5-alpha reductase and blocks dihydrotestosterone production. Further, dihydrotestosterone inhibits hair cell proliferation. Polyamines are closely associated with proliferation. We aimed to identify differences in polyamine levels in plasma and urine samples from patients with androgenic alopecia receiving finasteride treatment for three years. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify polyamines. Plasma samples were derivatized with dansyl chloride; urine samples were derivatized with isobutyl chloroformate. Patient plasma and urinary polyamine concentrations were followed up annually. There were significantly higher plasma levels of spermidine (P value, 0.01) and N-acetyl spermine (P value, 0.03) between baseline and baseline after one year (total two year) of finasteride treatment. After two years of treatment at baseline (total three years of treatment), plasma levels of 1,3-diaminopropane (P value, 0.005) and N-acetyl spermidine (P value, 0.01) were significantly higher than one year of treatment at baseline (total two years of treatment). However, there were no significant differences observed in urine samples. Our findings suggest that treatment with finasteride alters plasma polyamine concentrations but not urine polyamine concentrations. Different aspects in polyamine metabolites were detected between the urine and plasma samples following finasteride treatment. Our approach can be used to recognize the therapeutic effects of finasteride through polyamine metabolism.
UV Radiation (UVR) is one of the main causes of various skin disorders. Depending on the wavelength, the duration of the exposure and factors that concern skin physiology and structure, UVR may have detrimental effects on skin, varying from triggering of aging mechanisms and immunosuppression to DNA damage and carcinogenesis. In parallel, the link between air pollution, UVR and skin carcinogenesis has been demonstrated by a significant number of epidemiological studies. Especially, the accumulation of damages caused by UV radiation and air pollution are proven to have several effects on skin, including chronic inflammation, immunosuppression, atrophy and aging. Nowadays it is more evident than ever that products for skin application, such as traditional cosmetics or cosmeceuticals, may play a very important role in the preservation of the overall health of population – apart from the obvious well-being target. Especially in large cities where the above factors – air pollution and UVR – coincide, there is an emerging need for development of products that are effective in terms of protection from environmental aggressors. These products should optimally be based in safe, sustainable, and natural ingredients that demonstrate proven efficacy in terms of protection. Honey has been widely recognized as such an ingredient. Its use since ancient times, its sweet taste and its abundancy – despite the recent challenges imposed to bee populations because of environmental issues – make it ideal as a raw material for many human applications, beyond the per os use. Honey is a rather complicate and non-consistent mixture of molecules. Ιt is mainly constituted, apart from water, from sugars, glucose and fructose. It also contains amino acids, organic acids, vitamins and minerals [1]. In small concentrations it contains flavonoids and phenolic acids that seem to play in important role in the bioactivity of honey. It has been reported that bioactive compounds are similar in different types of honey, though the metabolic fingerprint seems quite different due to varying concentrations of the ingredients. It is no surprise that some honey extracts may have very different bioactivity than others, though they contain very similar bioactive substances. Due to numerous studies, several types of honey have been according to exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities [2,3]. As for the antioxidant activity of honey, it is attributed to the flavonoids and organic acids it contains. The photoprotective activity of honey, that may to a point be linked with antioxidant mechanisms, has been poorly investigated. The recent research paper by Karapetsas et al. [4] demonstrated the capacity of several honey extracts to protect HaCaT cells from UVB radiation while they exhibited antioxidant and antimutagenic capacity. Also they were found to downregulate metalloproteinases in reconstituted human skin tissue models, demonstrating a potential for prevention of photoaging. There was a correlation between the total phenolic content and ABTS antioxidant capacity, though no correlation with DPPH antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, no significant correlation between total flavonoid count and antioxidant capacity was found, but this may be attributed to the low concentrations. What is of most interest is that two honey extracts, that did not demonstrate the highest flavonoid content and that were not statistically different from other extracts in terms of total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity, demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity in HaCaT cell under UVB exposure conditions, effectively protecting cells from UVB induced DNA damage. This finding could be probably attributed to differences in the concentration of specific metabolites, mainly phenolic compounds, and not in the overall concentration of such compounds. It is undoubtful that the metabolic profile of honey – and especially the phenolic categories – should play an important role in the bioactivity mentioned above. The two honey samples come from very different areas, southern and central Crete, with very different vegetation, as depicted by the melissopalynological analysis. A challenge implied by that publication is clearly the correlation between the concentration of metabolites of honey with bioactivity, primarily in cellular level. Already, Manuka honey has been assessed and recognized for bioactivity related to the concentration of a molecule, methylglyoxal. The situation with other types of honey, such as thyme, fir, heather etc is quite different as the bioactivity is not expected from a single molecule, but from a combination of them. In this perspective, current advanced metabolomic analysis could be very useful. Once the bioactivity of each honey metabolite has been identified, then the bioactivity of small fractions of honey extracts could be assessed too. What be of much interest is the correlation of such what is groups of molecules, and of their concentration, with the flora composition of different areas, as it is known that these are molecules collected from plants. This could prove to be the indication of specific “terroirs” for the placement of beehives by beekeepers in order to be able to produce honey with specific medicinal properties. By thorough research honey -for skin applications – could be transformed from a mild soothing and hydrating agent, to a powerful ingredient that protects skin from photoaging – including DNA damages that may lead to cancer and other medical conditions. Since there are reports on the activity of honey against other environmental stressors too, honey produced in a specific, controlled way, could prove a valuable ingredient for the preservation of the total health of a population – and in parallel a means to significantly enhance local economies. The scientific tools are present and the preliminary data convincing.
Pharmacovigilance is like a sunshade to describe the processes for monitoring and evaluating ADRs and it is a key component of effective drug regulation systems, clinical practice and public health programs. The number of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) reported resulted in an increase in the volume of data handled, and to understand the pharmacovigilance, a high level of expertise is required to rapidly detect drug risks as well as to defend the product against an inappropriate removal. The current global network of pharmacovigilance centers, coordinated by the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, would be strengthened by an independent system of review. This would consider litigious and important drug safety issues that have the potential to affect public health adversely beyond national boundaries. Recently, pharmacovigilance has been confined, mainly to detect adverse drug events that were previously either unknown or poorly understood. Pharmacovigilance is an important and integral part of clinical research and these days it is growing in many countries. Today many pharmacovigilance centers are working for drug safety monitoring in this global pitch, however, at the turn of the millennium pharmacovigilance faces major challenges in aspect of better safety and monitoring of drugs. In this review we will discuss about drug safety, worldwide pharmacovigilance centers and their role, benefits and challenges of pharmacovigilance and its future consideration in healthcare sectors. Pharmacovigilance as a tool for safety and monitoring: a review of general issues and the specific challenges with end-stage renal failure patients Pharmacovigilance is instrumental in helping to ensure patient safety for both newly released drugs and those that are well established in the market. However, while pharmacovigilance procedures are strictly regulated in the clinical trial setting, post-marketing adverse event reporting is not well implemented or enforced. As such, the underreporting of adverse events, in relation to drugs that are on the market, is estimated to be in the region of 90%. The identification of drug safety issues in patients with complex diseases and extensive comorbidities is therefore particularly challenging. This review defines the science of pharmacovigilance and the process of adverse event reporting, highlights the new directions that pharmacovigilance has taken, and provides insight for HCPs managing dialysis patients into the important role that they play in helping to shape the understanding of a drug’s safety profile in order to continually enhance patient safety
Vitronectin (VTN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein regulating both cell adhesion and spreading via Integrin alpha V-beta 3 and a variety of secreted/membrane anchored factors, however the cell signaling underlying VTN-induced effects is unclear. Here we show VTN to specifically modulate cellular effects of Insulin like growth factor II. Specifically, we find that vitronectin, either by addition or induced cell membrane expression, markedly reduced or neutralized IGF-II-induced proliferation and migration on mouse embryo fibroblasts genetically deprived of the IGF1R and expressing the human insulin receptor isoform (R-IRA) with high affinity for IGF-II. VTN transient expression at increasing amounts in these cells inhibited, accordingly, the IGF-II-mediated Ser473 acute phosphorylation of AKT. Under the same conditions, the IGF-II acute stimuli (5 min) on ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) activation via the IRA was also inhibited. Higher VTN expression levels in R-IRA cells associated a reproducible delayed increase in AKT S473 phosphorylation following 30 minutes stimulation for both AKT and ERK1/2. Altogether these data demonstrate that VTN, when overexpressed in the extracellular matrix, negatively modulates the IGF-II proliferative signal and biological effects mediated by the insulin receptor short isoform (IRA) and suggest potential new strategies for the modulation of the IGF-II effects in vivo.
In this study tablet were prepared from blend of Baobab pulp (BP), Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP), Ocimum gratissimum leaf powder (OG) with malted maize (MMF) and wheat flour (WF) for iron deficient pregnancy. These raw materials were blended in different ratio respectively according to World Health Organization/United Nations Pregnancy Fund requirement nutrient intake per day for each mineral. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the content of Phytate (PA), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and bioavailability of Fe, Zn and Ca in terms of molar ratio in the tablet. Content of Fe (3.87-11.88 mg), Zn (2.23-5.8 mg), Ca (245.30-562 mg), Mg (85.60-248 mg) and Phytate (PA) (9.26-17.23 mg/100g) were significantly increased (P<0.05) as the blending ratio of BP and MLP increased. Molar ratios of PA: Fe (0.203-0.123), PA: Ca (0.018-0.022) and PA: Zn (2.925-4.089) was below the critical values 1.0, 0.24 and 15.0 respectively. Hence, Fe, Zn and Ca were bioavailable in all tablet while Fe bioavailability was more observed in T4 (55% BP, 20% MLP, 5% OG) than other treatments. Conception of 100g of this tablet per day, satisfy 38% of iron (Fe) RNI of pregnancy woman. In finally, the study indicated that T4 present good nutritional value and amount of Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg. However, T4 was found to be the best in terms of bioavailability of Fe while Zn, Ca and Mg was also bioavailable.
Abstract Low-grade gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors which affects the central nervous system (CNS), they causes considerable morbidity and represents a therapeutic challenge due to the heterogeneity of their clinical behavior. The objective of this study is to reclassify patients in TCGA databases according to the new 2016 WHO classification by identifying their genomics profiles, glioma CpG island methylator phenotype and studying their survival according to the status of the IDH1 gene. Data were obtained for low-grade gliomas patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a total of 516 samples were analyzed by TCGA Biolinks R Bioconductor. Patients with astrocytomas had shorter overall survival than those with oligodendrogliomas, they are characterized by mutations in ATRX and TP53 and hypermethylation at the MYT1L and ELAVL4 genes, whereas patients with oligodendrogliomas have mutations in CIC and FUBP1 and hypermethylation at PLCG1 and STAB1 genes. The identification of these biomarkers will improve the diagnosis of low grade gliomas by completing the anatomical pathology tests.
Although cord blood is important in human development, its functions are not well understood. Cord blood shows high potential for use in research studies aimed at maintaining a healthy, long life, as it contains various functional components such as anticancer agents against leukemia. Recently, D-Allose, a stereoisomer of D-glucose, was found in human umbilical cord blood and sera of women. D-Allose has been shown to have anti-cancer activity, reduce reperfusion damage, and have anti-metabolic syndrome effects. Previously, Chen et al. reviewed the production and function of D-Allose but did not discuss its potential as a medical drug based on its presence in women’s serum, its safety in humans, its GMP manufacturing, its efficacy in liver injury, its influence on animal lifespan, the biological activity of its derivatives, or its applicability as a diagnostic reagent. In this review, we cite new references and describe the above points of D-Allose and its potential for pharmaceutical applications.
The Chemical structure is correlated by QSAR with an activity relationship using many statistical approaches. It is the model used for the various purposes as a prediction of activities in in-vivo and in-vitro activities of molecules which are not being tested chemically. These efforts have been simulated by scientists for a there wider range of applications as toxicology, etc. Algorithms available for generating Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) are single biological activity based on multiple regressions with molecular descriptors of a data set. Such an analysis is providing correlation only with a specific biological activity either in vitro or in vivo or specific target thus limiting their use in only one environmental condition. If one would like to use an integrated approach for comparison of activity measured in vitro with that of in vivo, the current methods have limitations. “The objective of my work is to identify the potential descriptors set explaining activities in vitro and in vivo. PLS regression was employed to predict the in vitro and in vivo activity using the set of potential descriptors. This procedure yielded improved predictability of biological activity from potential molecular descriptors. QSAR models are scientifically given credibility as the tool for prediction and classification of activities of untested molecules biologically and chemically.
