Objective To study the change of parathyroid hormone(PTH) and calcitonin(CT)in serum at the early phase of skeletal fluorosis caused by fluoride in coal.Methods SD rats were taken as the experimental objects,being random assorted into 6 groups(the number either female or male was same in each group):control group,lowdose fluoride group,middle-dose fluoride and added nutrition group,middle-dose fluoride group,high-dose fluoride and added nutrition group,high-dose fluoride group.All rats were killed by means of arteria femoralis phlebotomy,then were examined dental fluorosis,fluorine in urine,bone,kidney,bone mineral density(BMD),calcium in bone and urine,PTH and CT in serum.Results(1)The estabolished animal model of fluorosis was successful.There were fluorosis in every test group and it's all right for rats in the control group.The higher the fluoride dose,the more serious fluorosis syndrome of the rats.On the condition of same fluoride dose,the fluorosis syndrome was mild if nutrition was good.(2)The effect of coal-burning-fluorosis on hormones correlated with skeletal metabolism a.PTH in serum PTH of the high-dose group at the latter phase was higher than that at the earlier phase(P0.01);b.CT in serum At the earlier phase,CT had no manifest change;at the later phase,CT of the low-dose and the middle-dose and nutrition groups were higher than that of the control group(P0.05 or 0.01),CT of the low-dose group was higher than that of the high-dose group(P0.05).Conclusion(1)The active of skeletal transduction probably is an important process in the genesis and development of fluorosis,at the earlier phase,skeletal formation active is more pantent.(2)Neither PTH nor CT could be taken as the earlier indexes of skeletal fluorosis caused by fluoride in coal so far,(3)Reducing fluoride intake and improving nutrition can be used to release sydromes of fluorosis.
Objective To understand the current situation of AIDS knowledge between different populations and to define the contents and ways of health education.Methods Cluster sampling was collected from different populations which include countrymen,students in school,paid blood donors,STD clinic clients,sex workers and floating population,and 3833 cases were surveyed by questionnaires.Results The rate of the right answers were 51.3%,47.57%,45.74%,53.13%,57.6%,39.08% separately in six kinds populations.All kinds of populations obtained AIDS knowledge mainly by watching TV,and so as their enjoyment,and their ratios were 80.51%,81.3% respectively.Conclusion All kinds of populations know little about AIDS.Comprehensive health education is necessary for making them learn more knowledge on HIV/AIDS.The routes people obtaining AIDS knowledge are very little,and is very necessary to make full use of the local medias and all kinds of health resources,and then more choices are provided for people.
Objective To study the toxic effect of nickel sulfate on the liver cells in rats.Methods Nickel sulfate was injected intraperitoneally for Wistar rats daily at different doses(1 25,2 50,5 00?mg/kg)for 21?days.On the 22 nd day,to measure ion concentration of 〔Ca 2+ 〕,〔Mg 2+ 〕,〔Ni 2+ 〕,〔Na +〕and〔H +〕and the content of mitochondrion in the liver cells with alser confocal scanning microscopy.Results In the liver cells,the levels of 〔Mg 2+ 〕and the content of mitochondrion were lower than those in the control rats,but the ion concentraton of 〔Ca 2+ 〕,〔Ni 2+ 〕,〔Na +〕and〔H +〕increased.Conclusion The disorder of the ion concentration and the content of mitochondrion in the liver cells were caused by nickel sulfate and its hurt in the liver cells.
Objective To study the distribution of cadmium and the mechanism of death of main organs exposed acutely to admium chloride in rats.Methods After being injected Cadmium chloride 1.0 and 1.5?mg Cd 2+ by vein in the rats respectively,the function and the content of cadmium all of organs were detemined.Results The data showed that there was stable critical concentration of Cd 2+ in blood,heart,liver,kidney and brain when rats were exposed acutly to Cd 2+ to death by vein,but extent of the function of liver and kidney were damaged less than that of heart.Conclusion Cadmium mainly deposited in liver and kidney,but the reasons of rats'death were not causd by liver and kidney injury wheres because of debility of heart.
Objective To study the combined action of formaldehyde,trichloroethylene and alchlor.Methods 50% inhibition concentration (IC_ 50) and 95% confidence limits of formaldehyde,trichloroethylene,alchlor and mixture (formaldehyde,trichloriethylene and alchlor) were assessed using Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) with Chinese Hamster Lung Cells.Combined action of above mixture was evaluated according to Finney model and Logistic Regression Method.Results IC_ 50 of formaldehyde,trichloroethylene,alchlor and the mixture were 0.0226mg/ml,0.368mg/ml,0.589mg/ml and 0.124mg/ml respectively.The Q value was 1.08 and Parameter β_4 from Logistic Regression Method showed no significant.Conclusion Combination toxicology of above mixture (formaldehyde:trichloroethylene:alchlor=6∶11∶33) belonged to additive effect.
Objective To approach protection of selenium and organo-germanium-132 on the rat's tissue injury of alcoholism.Methods Ethanol dependent rats were formed by using 52%,5.0g/(kg·bw)Erguotou(Beijing Hongxing).The rats was ingested for 3 months and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione (GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in liver,renal,brain and Serum were detected.Results The content of MDA was decreased(P0.01),the contents of GSH and the activities of superoxide dismitase(SOD)were increased in tissue and serum among alcohol+Se,alcohol+Ge-132,alcohol+Se+Ge-132 and alcohol groups(P0.05).Conclusion Selenium and organo-germanium-132 can inhibit the injury of over-dose alcohol to body by elevating contents of GSH,activities of SOD.
Objective To observe the antibiotic resistance trend of c linical isolated Escherichia coil;the different drug resistance in the comm unity acquired infection and hospital patient;the prevalence of partly stra ins producing Extended Spectram β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Qingyuan district.Methods The sensitivity of 244 Escherichia coil to 20 antib iotics were tested by MicroScan AutoScan-4 and ESBLs were identified by disc ag ar diffusion method.Results For three years the sensitivity rate of imipenem and piperacilin/tazobactam firmly kept on higher than 90%,and that of amikacin,c efoxitin ,ceftazidime was higher than 70%.The resistance rate of cefotaxime in 2003 was s ignifi cantly higher than that in 2001 (χ2=7.86,P0.05).The resistance rates o f ceftazidime,cefazoline,cefotaxime,ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were gradually raised in the strains isolated from community acquired infection,hospital pati e nt and ICU (P0.05 or 0.01),The rate of strains producing ESBLs was 30.8 %,46.5%,85.7% respec tively.( χ2=9.08,P0.05).The resistance rate of cefepime (72.2%) was signific antly higher than that of ceftazidime (40.7%) in strains producing ESBLs(χ 2=,P0.01),the resistance rat e of other third-Ce f was higher than 70%.Conclusion There was a significant relation between the h igh d rug resistance rate and the rate of strains producing ESBLs,which was gradually raised in the strai ns isolated from communit y acqu ired infection,hospital patient,and ICU.The high rate of strains producing ESBLs in community acquired infection should be con sidered severely.
Objective To know the relation of injury incidence and prevention knowledge of injury for people in Guangxi rural areas,and to provide the evidence to work out the effective and reasonable strategy of injury prevention.Methods Using multi-level,group,and random method to get the aim sample which included 27987 who were surveyed by cross investigation,and 1000 of the sample were put on the KAP investigation.After collecting the necessary data,the data-base was established in EPI200 soft,then they were turned into the SPSS11.0 soft and Pearson Correlation was chosen to analyze the data.Results The injury incidence was 20.43‰,but there were the different injury incidence and the diverse level of prevention knowledge of injury for people of individual sample counties;the level of prevention knowledge of injury for people of individual sample counties;the level of prevention knowledge of injury was risen by the injury incidence falling (γ=-0.691,P0.001).Conclusion According to the characteristics of injury,health education and health promotion of injury should be developed and the general level of prevention knowledge of people should be boosted.They are the effective and feasible srategies to decrease the injury incidence.
Objective To explore the pathologic changes in trachea of rats exposed to air pollutants.Methods 80 Wistar rats(180～200g weight)were randomly divided into 4 groups,i.e.a control group and 3 treated groups (low,middle and high dose groups).Treated rats were respectively exposed to total suspended particulate (TSP)of 7.5,15 or 30mg in 0.85%NaCl 1ml by intratracheal instillation,and then respectively inhaled mixed air of SO_2,NO_2(8,5mg/m 3;16,10mg/m 3;32,20mg/m 3)by statically 2h per day for 7 days.0.85%NaCl 1ml was instilled and general air was inhaled in rats of control group.The changes of ultramicroscopic structure in trachea were observed under electron microscope.Results The adhesion,disturbance,lodge,and squamous metaplasia of cilia in tracheal epithelium;and vacuolar degeneration in epithelium cells were observed.And the neonate ciliate epithelium was also observed.Conclusion Air pollutants may induce the decrease and loss of swing function,and the obstruction of discharging function of cilia in tracheal of rats.
Objective To study the genetic toxic effect of octachlorodipropylether on mice liver and lung cells.Methods In an in vivo study,mice were sacrificed at 0,3,9,24,48 and 72?h after oral[0,100,200,400 and 800?mg/(kg·bw)]administration of octachlorodipropylether.DNA damage was measured by the single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE)assay.Results After oral administration [400 and 800?mg/(kg·bw)],DNA damage appeard in the liver at 9,24?h,and in the lung at 9,24 and 48?h.Conclusion A certain dose octachlorodipropylether has genetic toxic effect on mice.
Objective To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity,distribution characteristic and risk factors of overweight among urban residents in Shenyang,so as to find a base for strategy of obesity and overweight intervention.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 5703 residents aged 18～94 sampled randomly from 15 street,45 community in the urban area of Shenyang and their body mass index(BMI) was measured.Logistic Regression Model was used to evaluate the risk factors of overweight.Overweight was defined as BMI≥25,obesity as BMI≥30.Results The prevalence age-standardized of obesity and overweight were 2.85%,23.44%,respectively among urban residents in Shenyang.The prevalence of overweight increased with age and was significantly higher in males than that in females.Multi-variable logistic regression showed that more income and/or more education were protective factors of overweight.Alcohol abuse,sleeping time deficiency,high intake of salt and milk intake deficiency were risk factors of overweight.Conclusion Milk and calcium can decrease the danger of overweight.
Objective To explore the prevalence and the risk factors of hearing disability in the children aded 0～6 years in Peking.Methods 28?709 children aged 0～6 years living in Peking were tested with proportional,two phases screening according to the Chinese standard of evaluation in diabilities.Results The prevalence of hearing disability was 1.04‰ with the false negative rate 0.14‰.The risk factors of hearing disability were mother drinking during pregnancy,times of pregnancy,great stimulation and using of the computer during pregnancy and relatively low education degree of the father,the OR values (odd rate) of which were 48.9,4.4,57.8,85.4,14.2,resectively.Conclusion The prevalence of hearing disability in Peking was lower than that of the similar surveys in China.It was owed to the better life and the risk factors being controlled in Peking.The better heath care in women and children might be the cause of low prevalence,too.To avoid the disability,the health promotion on marriage,pregnancy and children should be paid more attention.
Objective To probe the effective intervention project on the pure obesity of the juvenile students in Minhang district and to provide reference to find the new intervention on the obese juvenile in China. Methods A multidisciplinary study group was organized including school health,psychology,nutrition and clinic.The comprehensive intervention on the school students was taken from the aspects of knowledge,practice,diet and environment improving.The degree of obesity and overweight was compared before intervention with that after intervention.Results After one year of intervention,there was 40 40%of the overweight students who lost weight to the normal level in the intervention group,and there was 21 84%in the control group(P0 01).There was 11 25% students who gained weight to the obese level,and there was2719%in the control group(P0.01).There was no significant difference between the girls'weight and the boys'.The intervention effect of the primary school students was not significant and that of the secondary school students was significant.Conclusion The school based intervention project for the obese juvenile of the Minhang district is effective.To carry out the project needs the cooperation of school leaders,supervisor teachers,parents and students themselves.The intervention on the primary students needs the support and regard of parents.
Objective To know the health situation of weave workwomen labor-exported from China to Japan;To compare the difference of self-evaluation of health,pressure situation and nutrition between women-worker who had stayed in Japan for different times;To discuss the correlation between depression score and age,weight and some factors on physical pressure situation.Methods 64 workwomen who came to Japan 1 week ago,35 who came 3 months ago and 30 who came 10 months ago were surveyed respectively using the questionnaire which including several questions about eating,physical situation and psychological situation.Results There were differences of self-evaluation of health,diet conception and fatigue among three groups,with a statistical significance.There was a correlation between depression score and age,BMI respectively.The depression score of workwomen who came 10 months ago was correlated with constipation and fatigue.Conclusion The women-worker who had lived for 3 and 10 months in Japan more attended to basic needs of nutrition,but their self-evaluation of health became more negative as the time lived in Japan became longer.
Objective To investigate the dietary structure and nutrition status of people aged 50 and over in Beijing.Methods 3-day's continuous food weighting and 24 hours food intake recall were used to get the variety of different kind of food and their intake amount.Results The major food for the sample population was cereal,and there was difference between urban and rural area on the food pattern.Althouth the average levels of some nutrients had close or even over the Reference Nutrient Intake(RNI),the differences among individuals were observed.There was still quite proportion of people whose intake of energy,protein,fat-soluble vitamin,vitamin B group,zinc,potassium and other nutrients were lower than RNI.Conclusion The diet pattern of middle-aged people was not very reasonable.The intake of vegetable,fruit and pulse products should be increased,and the intake of fat and natrium shoul be controlled.And efforts should be taken to reduce the difference among individuals.
Objective The epidemical characteristics and laws on Rabies were Summarized in Linyi City,The actors of rising again of epidemic situation were approached and the economical preventive measures on it were evaluated and were sifted out.Methods The epidemical conditions of Rabies were surveyed by epidemiology for 30 years in Linyi City;the data of epidemic situation and epidemiology survey were analysed.Results There were two epidemical peaks in 30 years,with 549 cases of Rabies that all died.The fatality rate was 100%.In Cangshan,Pingyi and Tancheng three counties.Rabies cases accounted for 45.35% of all.The major infectious source was the dogs,and the mode of transmission was bite (97.51%).Every year,the incidence started increasing in April,and reached the peak from July to October.10.93% of cases were immunofailure.The reasons for that were as follow:First,the wounds were not handled or handled not normally.Second,RIS was not jointly used.Last,it related to the quality and the vaccination schedule of Rabies vaccine in use.During 30 years,the tremendous achievements were gained with the preventive measures from wiped simply out the dogs to prevented multiply from Rabies.But the epidemic situation rose again from 2002;its primary factors were the density of dosg was greatly rising;the vaccinated rate was lower and the cooperation among the preventive departments was deficient.Conclusion The “management,vaccination,exterminate”multiplep prevention measures should be continued for a long term.Only decreasing the density of dogs and increasing the accinated rate of dogs,the wounds were normally handled after exposed,and the preventive measures had been appropriately taken,could Rabies be controlled.
Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of hypertension among Dawoer nationality in the country of Qiqihar,Heilongjiang Province.To prepare the basic data for the hypertension preventive program.Methods Sampling populations were composed of (1?468) people aged ≥25 in five villages of Dawoer nationality sampled by cluster sampling method.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension was 21.25%(male 24.2%,female 19.10%).The prevalence rates of hypertension were significant difference between man and woman,progressively increased with aging.And the older were the groups,the greater was prevalence rate.The prevalence rate of hypertension was elevated evidently after 45 years old.The age-adjusted prevalence rate of hypertension was 16.36% and significant higher than that of average level in China.There was relativity between hypertension and age,sex,overweight,smoking drinking,diabetes ellitus respectively.Conclusion The prevalence rates of hypertension of Dawor nationality people are higher among the prevalence rates of minorities.The precautionary measures should be enhanced at once in Dwoer community.
Objective To determine prostatic special antigen(PSA)in sera for aged in eight elderly veteran sanitaria of military area and to discuss the effect on serum PSA for the factors of diet,cardio-cerebral vascular disease,et al.Methods Studying object was aged males above 50 years old.The information about diet,cardio-cerebral vascular disease etc was collected by interview and questionnaire.Referring to Tandem R reagent box of international standard,ELISA was used to detect the PSA content in sera.Results PSA content in sera in creased along with the age;PSA content of manual worker was(1.236±0.037)mg/ml;that of brainworker was(1.570±0.083)ng/ml;that of vegetarian was(1.128±0.027)ng/ml;that of carnivorous men was(2.523±0.053)ng/ml;comparison among groups was significant difference(P0.05).The PSA content of people without cardio-cerebral vascular disease was(1.261±0.023)ng/ml;that of people with cardio-cerebral vascular disease was(2.246±0.026)ng/ml.THe difference between the two groups significant(P0.05).Conclusion PSA content in sera was positive correlation with age.Physical work and vegetarian diet helped to decrease PSA in sera and defend prostatic carcinoma.
Objective To study the relationship of the genetic polymerphisms of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the gene-gene and gene-environment interaction.Methods A case control study which included 89 cases of esophageal cancer and 98 controls collected from the ChangZhi HePing Hospital and the ChangZhi HeJi hospital.All subjects were investigated with a uniform questionnaire.Genotyping of both CYP1A1 and GSTM1 were detected in blood samples of all subjects by PCR and PCR-RELP.Cobined genetic factors with environmental factors,the interaction of gene-gene and gene-environment was analyzed.Results Only CYP1A1 Msp I mutation genotype showed significant difference between the two groups,with an OR_B of 1.93(95%CI=1.01～3.84),with an OR_C of 3.62(95% CI=1.61～8.14).There were on signoficant differences in the frequency distribution of three genotypes of CYP1A1 Ile-Val polymorphisms and GSTM null genotype between ESCC patients and controls.Combined effects of the CYP1A1 Msp I mutation genotype,and GSTM1 mull genotype indicated a notable interaction for increasing the regression genotype and GSTM1 mull genotype indicated a notable interaction for increasing the risk of ESCC,with an OR of 3.57(95%CI=1.36～9.41).No significant interaction was observed between the mutation genotype of CYP1A1 Ile-Val polymorphism and GSTM1 null genotype.Multiple Logistic regression models showed that CYP1A1 Msp I mutation genotype and family history of esophageal cancer(EC) were significant risk factors in genetic.The analytical results of combined effects showed that the effects of taking in fresh vegetable and fruit and eggs and CYP1A1 Msp I mutation genotype were resistant (s=0.26;s=0.48 respectively),The combined effects between family history of EC and CYP1A1 Msp I mutation genotype were synergistic (s=2.36).Conclusion CYP1A1 Msp I polymorphisms was susceptible to ESCC.Combined effects of the CYP1A1 Msp I mutation genotype with family history of EC were synergistic.Subjects with either CYP1A1 Msp I mutation genotype or family history of EC were the higher risk population of ESCC,and more attentions should be paid to in the carcinoma control program.
