The objective of this study was to investigate the gene-breastfeeding interaction on BMI based on the Chinese National Twin Register (CNTR). The study included 4,573 pairs of same-sex twins aged 2-18 from CNTR. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the gene-environment interaction of breastfeeding with BMI in six age groups. Our findings indicate that as age increases, the heritability of BMI shows an increasing trend, being the lowest (h2: 0.08; 95% CI [0.00, 0.19]) in the 6- to 8-year age group and the highest (h2: 0.57, 95% CI [0.44, 0.72]) in the 12- to 14-year age group. Additionally, breastfeeding significantly modified the additive genetic component of BMI in the 6- to 8-year age group and 12- to 14-year age group. In the 6- to 8-year age group, breastfeeding decreased the impact of genes on BMI, with a genetic effect modification coefficient (βa) of -0.19 (-0.25, -0.13). In the 12- to 14-year age group, breastfeeding increased the impact of genes on BMI, with a genetic effect modification coefficient (βa) of 0.08 (0.02, 0.15). In conclusion, as age increases, the genetic influence on children's BMI becomes more pronounced. Breastfeeding may modulate genetic effects at the ages of 6-8 and 12-14. Given the metabolic diversity of obesity, our findings offer insight into how breastfeeding interacts with genetic background, helping to unravel the complex gene-environment interplay influencing obesity.

What is already known about this topic?:As an indicator of aortic stiffening, elevated pulse pressure (PP) has been established as a marker of poor clinical outcomes. What is added by this report?:Compared with the lowest quartile of PP (<40 mmHg), mortality risk increased by 9.8%-23.9% among individuals with PP in the second to fourth quartiles. This association was particularly pronounced in females, adults aged 60-74 years, and overweight or obese individuals. What are the implications for public health practice?:Our findings emphasize the need to develop comprehensive PP early screening and effective management strategies to reduce mortality, especially among identified high-risk groups.

BACKGROUND:The global rise in diabetes prevalence is a pressing concern. Despite initiatives like "The Healthy Beijing Action 2020-2030" advocating for increased awareness, treatment, and control, the specific situation in Beijing remains unexplored. This study aimed to analyze the trends in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Beijing adults. METHODS:Through a stratified multistage probability cluster sampling method, a series of representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Beijing from 2005 to 2022, targeting adults aged 18-79 years. A face-to-face questionnaire, along with body measurements and laboratory tests, were administered to 111,943 participants. Data from all survey were age- and/or gender-standardized based on the 2020 Beijing census population. Annual percentage rate change (APC) or average annual percentage rate change (AAPC) was calculated to determine prevalence trends over time. Complex sampling logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between various characteristics and diabetes. RESULTS:From 2005 to 2022, the total prevalence of diabetes among Beijing adults aged 18-79 years increased from 9.6% (95% CI: 8.8-10.4%) to 13.9% (95% CI: 13.1-14.7%), with an APC/AAPC of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1-3.2%, P <0.05). Significant increases were observed among adults aged 18-39 years and rural residents. Undiagnosed diabetes rose from 3.5% (95% CI: 3.2-4.0%) to 7.2% (95% CI: 6.6-7.9%) with an APC/AAPC of 4.1% (95% CI: 0.5-7.3%, P <0.05). However, diabetes awareness and treatment rates showed annual declines of 1.4% (95% CI: -3.0% to -0.2%, P <0.05) and 1.3% (95% CI: -2.6% to -0.2%, P <0.05), respectively. The diabetes control rate decreased from 21.5% to 19.1%, although not statistically significant (APC/AAPC = -1.5%, 95% CI: -5.6% to 1.9%). Overweight and obesity were identified as risk factors for diabetes, with ORs of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.38-1.98) and 2.48 (95% CI: 2.07-2.99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of diabetes in Beijing has significantly increased between 2005 and 2022, particularly among young adults and rural residents. Meanwhile, there has been a concerning decrease in diabetes awareness and treatment rates, while control rates have remained stagnant. Regular blood glucose testing, especially among adults aged 18-59 years, should be warranted. Furthermore, being male, elderly, overweight, or obese was associated with higher diabetes risk, suggesting the needs for targeted management strategies.

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of healthy lifestyles among adult residents in Beijing.Methods Using data from the surveillance of chronic diseases and their risk factors among adults in Beijing in 2017,a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 13 240 permanent residents aged 18-79 in 16 districts of Beijing from August to December in 2017 for questionnaire surveys,physical examinations,and laboratory tests.The respondents'lifestyles were assessed using a comprehensive rating scale,with scores ranging from 0 to 6,indicating the degree of healthy lifestyle from low to high.The lifestyle factors and comprehensive lifestyle score distribution characteristics of the residents were analyzed,and lifestyle differences between residents in healthy and non-healthy communities were compared.Results Among the 12 570 participants analyzed,the complex-weighted proportions of non-smokers,non-excessive alcohol drinkers,individuals with a healthy diet,individual with active physical activity,normal weight individuals,and those without central obesity were 77.0％(n=9 413),91.8％(n=11 525),46.0％(n=5 532),26.3％(n=3 161),36.7％(n=4 751),and 36.0％(n=4 847),respectively.The mean healthy lifestyle score was 3.14±0.03 for all participants,and the highest proportion of participants(28.8％,n=3 513)were scaled with a score of 3;the proportion of participants with a score of 6,indicating six components of a healthy lifestyle,was only 2.8％(n=308).The results of univariate analysis showed that the individuals with the following characteristics were more likely to have a higher healthy lifestyle score:being female(odds ratio[OR]=4.130,95％confidence interval[95％CI]:3.581-4.763),having a higher educational level(junior high school vs.elementary school and below:OR=1.408,95％CI:1.204-1.646;college and above vs.elementary school and below OR=2.067,95％CI:1.775-2.407),and living in healthy communities(OR=1.181,95％CI:1.025-1.362);while compared to the younger individuals(18-39 years)and those living in urban areas,the middle-aged individuals(40-59 years)and those living in suburban areas were more likely to have lower scores,with the ORs(95％CI)of 0.806(0.725-0.896)and 0.796(0.671-0.943),respectively.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for other demographic and sociological factors,healthy lifestyle scores were higher among people living in healthy communities than those living in non-healthy communities(β=0.107,95％CI:0.005-0.209),and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.041).Conclusion The prevalence of a healthy lifestyle,including physical activity,body weight,and waist circumference,among adults in Beijing is relatively low.In addition,the proportion of people who adhere to all six components of a healthy lifestyle remains disappointingly low.Furthermore,there are disparities in the adoption of healthy lifestyles by gender,age group,educational background,and residential area.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been reported as a possible contributor to diabetes. However, evidence for general population is scarce while related mechanisms are largely unknown. Using a representative population-based case-control study in Beijing (n = 1796), we found a positive association between PCP exposure and diabetes risk with the odds ratio reaching 1.68 (95 % confidence interval: 1.30 to 2.18). A further rat experiment revealed that low-dose PCP mimicking real-world human exposure can significantly impair glycemic homeostasis by inducing pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, with non-linear dose-response relationships. Subsequent multi-omics analysis suggested that low-dose PCP led to notable gut microbiota dysbiosis (especially the species from genus Prevotella, such as intermedia, dentalis, ruminicola, denticola, melaninogenica, and oris), decreased serum amino acids (L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan) and increased serum fatty acids (oleic and palmitic acid) in rats, while strong correlations were observed among alterations of gut microbes, serum metabolites and glycemic-related biomarkers (e.g., fasting blood glucose and insulin). Collectively, these results imply PCP may increase diabetes risk by disrupting gut microbial-related amino acids and fatty acids biosynthesis. This will help guide future in-depth studies on the roles of PCP in the development of human diabetes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep and hypertension risk among adults in Beijing in 2017,and to provide evidence for healthy lifestyle promotion.Methods The study data were from the Adult Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance in Beijing-2017.In the surveillance,13 240 residents aged 18-79 years were recruited from 55 urban communities and 165 rural villages across Beijing city with stratified multistage sampling for a survey including questionnaire interview,physical measurements,and fasting venous blood sampling for relevant biochemical indicator determinations.Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used in data analyses with SPSS 20.0 software.Results Of the adults,6 164(66.23％)were males and 7 076(33.77％)were females;5 740(46.31％)reported problematic sleep and 7 500(53.69％)reported normal sleep.The proportions of the adults reporting daily sleep duration of＜6,6-＜7,7-＜8,8-＜9,and≥9 hours were 6.14％,15.92％,28.02％,37.00％,and 12.92％,respectively.After adjusting for potential confounders,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those with normal sleep,the adults with problematic sleep were at increased the risk of hypertension(odds ratio[OR]=1.441,95％confidence interval[95％CI]:1.244-1.670);the increased hypertension risk was of significance for both the gender subgroups(male adults:OR=1.458,95％CI:1.221-1.742;female adults:OR=1.343,95％CI:1.133-1.591)and the age subgroups(aged 18-44 years:OR=1.435,95％CI:1.129-1.825 and aged≥45 years:OR=1.410,95％CI:1.131-1.758);the results also indicated that compared with those with daily sleep duration of 7-＜8 hours,the adults with the daily sleep duration of≥9 hours had an increased hypertension risk(OR=1.204,95％CI:1.001-1.448)and the increased risk was much higher for the two subgroups of the adults(males:OR=1.359,95％CI:1.035-1.784;the adults aged≥45 years:OR=1.355,95％CI:1.058-1.736).Conclusion Among the adults,problematic sleep may increase hypertension risk and excessive daily sleep duration is also associated with increased hypertension risk,especially in males and the adults aged 45 years and above.

目的 了解步行道路现状,对北京市步行道路的配备和维护等方面进行评价.方法 以北京市城区和郊区共39个社区所在区块的道路为调查对象,采用客观观察法,按照《中国城市建成环境扫描量表》中步行道相关问题,对步行道的配备、隔离和维护等内容进行调查评价.结果 1 566条路段纳入分析,其中64.1％的路段配有步行道.步行道维护状况良好(得分3.99±0.14),城区和郊区比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在步行道的隔离情况、宽度、夜间照明、人文设施和自然设施方面,城区和郊区得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),郊区步行道宽度得分高于城区,其他方面城区得分均高于郊区.结论 北京市步行道总体维护良好,城区步行道宽度、郊区步行道隔离、夜间照明、人文和自然设施需进一步改善.

Objective:To describe the distribution characteristics of hyperlipidemia in adult twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and explore the effect of genetic and environmental factors on hyperlipidemia.Methods:Twins recruited from the CNTR in 11 project areas across China were included in the study. A total of 69 130 (34 565 pairs) of adult twins with complete information on hyperlipidemia were selected for analysis. The random effect model was used to characterize the population and regional distribution of hyperlipidemia among twins. The concordance rates of hyperlipidemia were calculated in monozygotic twins (MZ) and dizygotic twins (DZ), respectively, to estimate the heritability.Results:The age of all participants was (34.2±12.4) years. This study's prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 1.3% (895/69 130). Twin pairs who were men, older, living in urban areas, married,had junior college degree or above, overweight, obese, insufficient physical activity, current smokers, ex-smokers, current drinkers, and ex-drinkers had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia ( P<0.05). In within-pair analysis, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia was 29.1% (118/405) in MZ and 18.1% (57/315) in DZ, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Stratified by gender, age, and region, the concordance rate of hyperlipidemia in MZ was still higher than that in DZ. Further, in within-same-sex twin pair analyses, the heritability of hyperlipidemia was 13.04% (95% CI: 2.61%-23.47%) in the northern group and 18.59% (95% CI: 4.43%-32.74%) in the female group, respectively. Conclusions:Adult twins were included in this study and were found to have a lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia than in the general population study, with population and regional differences. Genetic factors influence hyperlipidemia, but the genetic effect may vary with gender and area.

Objective To analyze the awareness level and related influencing factors of the core information about chronic diseases prevention and control among Beijing residents,and provide the data support for developing prevention and control strategies for chronic diseases.Methods From March to April 2021,the stratified random sampling method was used to select 9 037 permanent residents（≥18 years old） in Beijing as the subjects.The investigation was performed with the questionnaire to collect the demographic information and core information of chronic diseases prevention and control.The awareness rate of the core information about chronic diseases prevention and control was calculated.The χ~2 test and trend χ~2 test were used to analyze the data.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors.The used software was SPSS 21.0.Results The total awareness rate of the core information about chronic diseases prevention and control among Beijing residents in 2021 was 61.7%（95%CI:60.7%-62.7%）.The awareness rate （63.9%,95%CI:62.7%-65.2%）of females was significantly higher than that（58.4%,95%CI:56.8%-60.0%） of males（P＜0.01）.The awareness rate increased with the educational level(χ~2 trend =429.44,P＜0.01).Among the 20items of the core information about chronic diseases prevention and control,the awareness rate （90.5%,95%CI:89.9%-91.1%） of hypertension control measures was the highest;the awareness rates of 7 items were less than 60%,the awareness rate （46.2%,95%CI:45.1%-47.2%）of"hypertension diagnostic criteria"was the lowest.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that residents with female （OR=1.157,95%CI:1.058-1.264）,older age（the 45-59 years old group:OR=1.171,95%CI:1.050-1.306;the≥60 years old group:OR=1.246,95%CI:1.086-1.431）and higher education level （high school level:OR=1.400,95%CI:1.228-1.597；≥college level:OR=3.153,95%CI:2.769-3.590） had better awareness about chronic diseases prevention and control.Conclusion The awareness rate of the core information about chronic diseases prevention and control among Beijing residents should be improved.It is necessary to strengthen the health education for males,youth and residents with low education level in order to increase the effectiveness of chronic diseases prevention and control.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants, but large-scale human biomonitoring and health risk assessment data on these contaminants remain limited. In this study, concentrations of 6 OCPs and 5 PAHs were determined by GC–MS/MS in 1268 human serum samples which were collected from the participants in 2017 Beijing Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. The detection frequencies of OCPs and PAHs ranged from 64.7 % to 96.5 % and 89.4 % to 99.6 %, respectively. The most abundant contaminants in OCPs and PAHs were pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pyrene (Pyr) with median concentrations reaching up to 3.13 and 8.48 μg/L, respectively. Nonparametric tests were employed to assess the correlations among contaminants levels, demographic characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, residence) and serum biochemical indexes. Significantly higher serum levels of all PAHs were observed in suburb residents than that in urban residents (P < 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (OR 2.17 [1.29, 3.63]), phenanthrene (OR 1.06 [1.02, 1.11]), fluoranthene (OR 1.04 [1.02, 1.07]) and Pyr (OR 1.02 [1.01, 1.03]) might increase the occurrence of hyperglycemia, and exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (OR 1.53 [1.05, 2.22]) and pentachlorobenzene (OR 1.14 [1.02, 1.27]) were positively associated with hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the hazard quotients (HQs) for serum HCB, PCP and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were calculated based on health-based guidance values to predict health risks. 0.2 % and 4.3 % of serum samples showed HQ values exceeding 1 for HCB and PCP, respectively, in case of the non-carcinogenic risk, while 23.1 % of HQs for HCB were above 1 in case of the carcinogenic risk for a risk level 10−5. Our study reveals that the body burden of the Beijing general population relative to OCPs and PAHs was nonnegligible. The past exposure of HCB and PCP might adversely affect the health status of the Beijing population.

Objective: To understand the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and dyslipidemia among adults in Beijing and to provide a scientific basis for relevant intervention. Methods: Data were from Beijing Adult Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance Program in 2017. A total of 13 240 respondents were selected by multistage cluster stratified sampling method. The monitoring contents include a questionnaire survey, physical measurement, collection of fasting venous blood, and determination of related biochemical indicators. SPSS 20.0 software was used for the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of total dyslipidemia (39.27%), hypertriglyceridemia (22.61%), and high LDL-C (6.03%) were the highest among those exposed to daily secondhand smoke. Among the male respondents, the prevalence of total dyslipidemia (44.42%) and hypertriglyceridemia (26.12%) were the highest among those exposed to secondhand smoke daily. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment for confounding factors showed that compared with no exposure to secondhand smoke, the population with an average exposure frequency of 1-3 days per week had the highest risk of total dyslipidemia (OR=1.276, 95%CI: 1.023-1.591). Among the patients with hypertriglyceridemia, those exposed to secondhand smoke daily had the highest risk (OR=1.356, 95%CI: 1.107-1.661). Among the male respondents, those exposed to secondhand smoke for 1-3 days per week had a higher risk of total dyslipidemia (OR=1.366, 95%CI: 1.019-1.831), and the highest risk of hypertriglyceridemia (OR=1.377, 95%CI: 1.058-1.793). There was no significant correlation between the frequency of secondhand smoke exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia among female respondents. Conclusions: Secondhand smoke exposure in Beijing adults, especially men, will increase the risk of total dyslipidemia, especially hyperlipidemia. Improving personal health awareness and minimizing or avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke is necessary.

Objective:To analyze the relationship and consistency between indexes of different abnormal weight and dyslipidemia in adults in Beijing City.Methods:From August to December of 2017, 4 975 residents aged 18 to 79 years old in 5 districts of Beijing were randomly selected as subjects by using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted. The prevalence of overweight/obesity, high body fat rate, central obesity, and high waist-to-height ratio was calculated. Partial correlation was used to analyze the correlation of blood lipid with body mass index (BMI), body fat rate, waist circumference and waist-height ratio. Logistic regression analysis for complex sampling was used to analyze the relationship between indexes of different abnormal weight and dyslipidemia after controlling for relevant risk factors, including age, sex, smoking status, drinking, insufficiency intake of vegetable and fruit, physical inactivity. Kappa value was computed to analyze the consistency between indexes of different abnormal weight. Results:The weighted prevalence of dyslipidemia was 30.48%, and it was higher in men than that in women (40.16% vs. 20.52%, P<0.01). The weighted rate of overweight/obesity, high body fat rate, central obesity, and high waist-to-height ratio was 56.65%, 47.52%, 42.48% and 59.45%, respectively. BMI, body fat rate, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were positively correlated with the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Logistic regression analysis for complex sampling showed that the high body fat rate ( OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.35-2.07), overweight/obesity ( OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.26-2.14) and high waist-to-height ratio ( OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.09-1.96) were associated with dyslipidemias. Kappa values of high body fat rate with overweight/obesity, high waist-to-height ratio and central obesity were 0.65, 0.53 and 0.58, respectively ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In 2017, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adults in Beijing City is high, especially in men. Overweight/obesity, high body fat rate and high waist-to-height ratio are associated with dyslipidemia. The high body fat rate is most associated with dyslipidemia.

The aims of this study are to estimate the contributions of genetic factors to the variation of tea drinking and cigarette smoking, to examine the roles of genetic factors in their correlation and further to investigate underlying causation between them. We included 11 625 male twin pairs from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Bivariate genetic modelling was fitted to explore the genetic influences on tea drinking, cigarette smoking and their correlation. Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) was further used to explore the causal relationship between them. We found that genetic factors explained 17% and 23% of the variation in tea drinking and cigarette smoking, respectively. A low phenotypic association between them was reported (rph  = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.19, 0.24]), which was partly attributed to common genetic factors (rA  = 0.45, 95% CI [0.19, 1.00]). In the ICE FALCON analysis with current smoking as the exposure, tea drinking was associated with his own (βself = 0.39, 95% CI [0.23, 0.55]) and his co-twin's smoking status (βco-twin = 0.25, 95% CI [0.10, 0.41]). Their association attenuated with borderline significance conditioning on his own smoking status (p = 0.045), indicating a suggestive causal effect of smoking status on tea drinking. On the contrary, when we used tea drinking as the predictor, we found familial confounding between them only. In conclusion, both tea drinking and cigarette smoking were influenced by genetic factors, and their correlation was partly explained by common genetic factors. In addition, our finding suggests that familial confounders account for the relationship between tea drinking and cigarette smoking. And current smoking might have a causal effect on weekly tea drinking, but not vice versa.

Objectives: : This study aimed to estimate the association between overweight and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in twins, and further to explore whether genetic and early-life environmental factors account for this association. Methods: : This study included 31,197 twin individuals from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were applied for unmatched case-control analysis. Conditional logistic regressions were used in co-twin matched case-control analysis. Logistic regressions were fitted to examine the differences in odds ratios (ORs) from the GEE models and conditional logistic regressions. Bivariate genetic model was used to explore the genetic and environmental correlation between body mass index (BMI) and T2DM. Results: : In the GEE model, overweight was associated with a higher T2DM risk (OR=2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.96-3.73), compared with participants with normal BMI. In the multi-adjusted conditional logistic regression, the association was still significant (OR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.15-5.87). The ORs from the unmatched and matched analyses were different (P = 0.042). Particularly, overweight could increase T2DM risk in monozygotic (MZ) twins, and the difference in ORs between the unmatched and matched designs was significant (P = 0.014). After controlling for age and sex, the positive BMI-T2DM association was partly due to a significant genetic correlation (rA= 0.31, 95% CI: 0.20-0.41). Conclusions: : Our findings suggest that genetics and early-life environments might account for the observed overweight-T2DM association. Genetic correlation between BMI and T2DM further provides evidence for the influence of overlap genes on their association. ?? 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Objective: To understand the characteristics and current situation of high risks related to cardiovascular disease among residents aged 35-75 in Beijing and to provide scientific reference for the formulation and improvement of cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods: According to the data of the Cardiovascular Disease Screening and Management Program in Beijing, 93 520 participants aged 35-75 in 8 districts of Beijing were selected for analysis. We used the χ2 test to compare the high-risk prevalence of cardiovascular disease in different population characteristics. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between population characteristics and the high risks of cardiovascular disease. Results: The prevalence of high-risk cardiovascular disease was 20.82% (19 471/93 520). The prevalence of high-risk population in the 65-75 years-old was significantly higher than those of other age groups [29.05% (5 151/17 733), χ2=3 359.37, P<0.001], and the prevalence increased with age (trend χ2=3 121.75, P<0.05). The prevalence of high risk in males was significantly higher than that of women (31.19%, 10 752/34 476 vs. 14.77%, 8 719/59 044, χ2=3 559.87, P<0.05). The most common clustered risk factors appeared as hypertension and diabetes (29.80%, 5 802/19 471), hypertension with smoking (37.84%, 4 069/10 752) in males, and hypertension with diabetes mellitus in females (49.32%, 4 300/8 719), in urban areas (33.62%, 2 571/7 647) and in suburbs (27.33%, 3 231/11 824). Lower education [high school (OR=1.56,95%CI:1.46-1.66), middle school (OR=1.99,95%CI:1.88-2.12), primary school and below (OR=2.28,95%CI:2.12-2.45)], non-Han ethnicity (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.33), unmarried (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.24), drinking alcohol (OR=3.06, 95%CI: 2.94-3.19), obesity (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.77-1.93), overweight (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.36-1.47), etc., were positively correlated with the high risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: We noticed that the prevalence of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease aged 35-75 years was around 20% in Beijing, and the proportion in males was higher than females. Low education, drinking, overweight, and obesity were positively correlated with the risks of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To explore the gene-lifestyle interaction on coronary heart disease (CHD) in adult twins of China. Methods: Participants were selected from twin pairs registered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Univariate interaction model was used to estimate the interaction, via exploring the moderation effect of lifestyle on the genetic variance of CHD. Results: A total of 20 477 same-sex twin pairs aged ≥25 years were recruited, including 395 CHD cases, and 66 twin pairs both had CHD. After adjustment for age and sex, no moderation effects of lifestyles, including current smoking, current drinking, physical activity, intake of vegetable and fruit, on the genetic variance of CHD were found (P>0.05), suggesting no significant interactions. Conclusion: There was no evidence suggesting statistically significant gene-lifestyle interaction on CHD in adult twins of China.

目的 了解北京市18～65岁居民肥胖、中心性肥胖及睡眠情况,探索睡眠时间与肥胖、中心性肥胖的关系,为制定完善慢性病相关防控策略与措施提供科学依据.方法 数据来自2017年北京市成人慢性病及其危险因素监测资料,该监测于2017年8-12月,采取多阶段分层抽样方法在北京市16个区抽取18～79岁居民为调查对象进行问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检测.该研究以其中11 605名18～65岁居民作为研究对象.采用SPSS19.0软件进行x2检验、Wilcoxon1秩和检验、Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验和趋势x2检验,采用多因素logistic回归分析睡眠时间对肥胖和中心性肥胖的影响.结果 纳入有效样本共11 605人,肥胖率为24.01％,中心性肥胖率为41.53％,平均睡眠时间为(7.51±1.26)h,睡眠不足比例为19.50％,睡眠过多比例为15.55％.＜7、7～8和＞8 h睡眠时间者的肥胖率分别为27.09％、22.86％和24.94％,差异有统计学意义(x2=18.103,P＜0.01).＜7、7～8和＞8 h睡眠时间者的中心性肥胖率分别为45.82％、40.05％和42.29％,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.416,P＜0.01).调查对象肥胖率与中心性肥胖率均随睡眠时间增加先降低后升高.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,相比7～8 h睡眠者,睡眠时间＜7 h(OR=1.23,95％CI:1.10～1.37)易发生肥胖;睡眠时间＜7 h(OR=1.11,95％CI:1.00～1.22)和睡眠时间＞8h(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.03～1.27)易发生中心性肥胖.结论 北京市18～65岁居民存在睡眠时间不足与过多问题,睡眠时间是肥胖与中心性肥胖的影响因素.

Objective This study aimed to examine the association of socioeconomic status with obesity. Methods A total of 39,262 twin individuals were included from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR). Generalized estimating equation models for unmatched twin individual analyses and conditional logistic regression for the co-twin matched design were used. Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) was used to explore the evidence of a causal relationship. Results In general estimating equation models, high education level and income were associated with lower risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.65 to 0.84] and 0.86 [95% CI: 0.77 to 0.96]). In conditional logistic regression analysis, the association with education was significant (OR = 0.50 [95% CI: 0.34 to 0.74]) but the association with income was insignificant (OR = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.48 to 1.15]). From the ICE FALCON analysis, a twin's obesity was associated with the co-twin's education and income. After adjusting for the twin's own education, the association disappeared (beta co - twin ' = -0.10 [95% CI: -0.26 to 0.07]), whereas the twin's obesity was still associated with the co-twin's income but attenuated toward the null (beta co - twin ' = -0.21 [95% CI: -0.36 to -0.06]). Conclusions Socioeconomic status is negatively associated with obesity. Education may have a causal effect on obesity, whereas the association between income and obesity is confounded by familial factors.

Objective: To examine the heritability of body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and to explore whether genetic factors can explain their correlation. Methods: Participants were from 11 provinces/municipalities reqistered in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) from 2010 to 2018. Participants data were collected from face-to-face questionnaire survey. Bivariate structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability and the genetic correlation of BMI and CHD. Results: A total of 20 340 pairs of same-sex twins aged ≥25 years were included in this study. After adjusting for age and gender, the heritability of BMI and CHD was 0.52 (95%CI: 0.49-0.55) and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.69-0.81), respectively. Further, a genetic correlation was identified between BMI and CHD (rA=0.10, 95%CI:0.02-0.17). Conclusion: In Chinese adult twin population, BMI and CHD are affected by genetic factors, and their correlation can be attributed to the common genetic basis.