Glabrous rice is an important germplasm resource with the characteristics of glabrousness,lodging resistance and good grain quality.The milling quality,appearance quality and cooking quality of the non-glabrous dual purpose male sterile line Y58S and four glabrous dual purpose male sterile lines derived from Y58S were analyzed and evaluated.Meanwhile,30 hybrid combinations were made from the above mentioned five male sterile lines as the female parent and six restorer lines according to the incomplete diallel cross design,and their grain quality traits were analyzed when they were planted as single-cropping late rice and double-cropping late rice,respectively.The results showed that the grain quality of 8CS963 and X8S010 reached the Ministry's standard of Grade 3.The combined results of two cropping seasons in grain quality revealed that,since the ratio of length to width of four glabrous sterile lines was significantly higher than that of Y58S(the control),most of their hybrid combinations had a higher ratio of length to width than the control group.Except for the hybrid combinations of X8S010/R028,X8S010/X9H003,8CS963/X9H003 and 7CS102/X9H003,which had a significantly higher head rice rate than that of the control group,the head rice rate of the other combinations was not better than that of the control group.The amylose content of the combinations of the glabrous sterile line X6S1791 was significantly higher than that of the other combinations in both cropping seasons.X8S010/X9H005 and Y58S/H070 reached the the Ministry's standard of Grade 3 when planted as single-cropping late rice.Y58S/H070 reached the Ministry's standard of Grade 2,and eight combinations including X8S010/X9H003 and 7CS102/X9H001 reached the Ministry's standard of Grade 3 when planted as double-cropping late rice.The other combinations failed to reach the quality standard mainly due to low alkali spreading value.The average variation values of chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of the glabrous hybrid rice combinations between two cropping seasons were smaller than those of non-glabrous hybrid rice combinations,but the alkali spreading value was opposite,indicating that the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of glabrous hybrid rice combinations were less affected by temperature,but the alkali spreading value was more affected by temperature than that of non-glabrous hybrid rice combinations.
The development of dual-purpose male sterile lines and the registration and application of two-line hybrid rice varieties in China during 1973-2021 were analyzed.The results showed that by 2021,509 dual-purpose male sterile lines had been developed nationwide,and a number of two-line hybrid rice combinations had been developed and approved for commercial production by the national or provincial crop variety appraisal committees,the number of registered varieties increased from 28 during the Ninth Five-year Plan period to 1 550 during the 13th Five-year Plan period.The number of two-line super rice varieties identified by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is 31,which is slightly lower than that of the three-line super rice varieties,but in terms of the planting area per variety,the two-line hybrid rice is obviously higher than that of the three-line hybrid rice.
Jinchengyou 4245,derived from Jincheng 2A,a CMS line bred by Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,and Yihui 4245,a restorer line bred by Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,is a new three-line hybrid rice combination developed by Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The combination has the characteristics of high yield,high grain quality and strong stress resistance.It was approved by Sichuan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2022,and is suitable for planting as late-maturing medium rice in the plains and hilly areas below 800 m altitude in Sichuan Province(excluding Panxi Ecological Area).
Liliangyou 8022,derived from the small-grain male sterile line Li 68S(1 000-grain weight at 13.8 g)and the restorer line R8022,is a new heterotic hybrid rice combination developed by Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center.It has the advantages of large panicles,high seed-setting rate,fine grain quality,good plant type,high canopy but relatively low panicle layer,vigorous root system,excellent lodging resistance and high yield potential.In 2023,Liliangyou 8022 participated in the super high-yielding demonstration on a 100-mu scale in Dechang County,Sichuan Province,and yielded an average of 18.77 t/hm2.In this paper,the super high-yielding cultural techniques of Liliangyou 8022 were described in detail.
After more than 20 years of development in China,new plant variety rights have played an important role in protecting the rights and interests of breeders,improving the enthusiasm of breeders,promoting the original innovation of breeders and the healthy development of seed industry.Food security is the cornerstone of national development,super rice has made important contributions to ensure food security,and the protection of new plant variety rights of super rice and its parents should be paid attention to.The application and authorization of new variety rights of 135 super rice varieties and their parents,the average time for super rice to obtain new plant variety rights and the distribution of super rice breeding bodies were analyzed,aiming at improving the protection level of new plant variety rights of super rice and promoting breeders to develop more excellent super rice varieties.
Jinghongyou 52,derived from the self-bred CMS line Jinghong 1A and restorer line Qhui 52,is a new three-line hybrid rice combination developed by Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The combination is red rice,which belongs to a special rice.It has the characteristics of strong tillering ability,high yield and good grain quality.The grain quality reaches the first class of the"Cooking rice variety quality"standard in the agricultural industry.It was approved by Chongqing Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in June 2020 and by Fujian Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in July 2022.
Chang 5-55A,derived from BT-type japonica CMS line A352 as cytoplasm donor and(Changnongjing 5/Chang 01-11B//10B)F5 as nuclear donor,is a medium japonica male sterile line with early flowering time,high stigma exsertion rate and long grain developed by Changshu Agricultural Science Research Institute,Jiangsu Province through multi-generation backcross transfer.It has the characteristics of stable male sterility,strong combining ability and high outcrossing rate,and passed the fertility identification of Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in September 2019.Three japonica hybrid rice combinations,Changyou 17-22,Changyou Jing 10 and Changyou Jing 1818,derived from Chang 5-55A,have been registered and released by the national or provincial crop variety appraisal committees.
Hanyou 157 is a new water-saving and drought-resistant hybrid rice combination developed by Anhui Tiangu Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.and Shanghai Tiangu Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,using Shenhan 3A,a CMS line with strong drought resistance,and R157,a drought-resistant restorer line.The combination is moderately susceptible to blast,susceptible to false smut,moderately resistant to bacterial leaf blight and resistant to drought.Its grain quality reaches the the ministerial standard of the third class of high-quality rice.It was approved by Anhui Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in October 2022.
Wan 53 You 16 is a new late-maturing three-line indica hybrid rice combination developed by Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences through crossing its CMS line Wan 53A and its restorer line Wanhui 16.In 2021,it was approved by Chongqing Crop Variety Appraisal Committee.This combination has high yield,high blast resistance,strong tillering ability and short growth period,and is suitable for planting in the middle and low altitude rice growing area below 800 m altitude in Chongqing.
Jiuyou 27 Zhan,derived from the male sterile line Quan 9311A and the restorer line 27 Zhan,is a three-line indica hybrid rice combination developed by Anhui Winall Hi-Tech Seed Co.,Ltd.and Guizhou Zhunongke Seed Co.,Ltd..This paper introduced the main characteristics of the parents of Jiuyou 27 Zhan,and summarized its high-yield and high-quality seed production techniques in Fuzhou City of Jiangxi Province.
Weiliangyou 7713,derived from CMS line Huawei 338S and restorer line Huahui 7713,is a new two-line indica hybrid rice combination developed by Guangxi Hengmao Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hunan Longping High-Tech Seed Science Research Institute Co.,Ltd.and Hunan Yahua Seed Science Research Institute.It was registered and released by the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2021.The characteristics of the parents of Weiliangyou 7713 and its high-yielding mechanized seed production techniques after tobacco were introduced.
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Using early hybrid rice variety Tanliangyou 83 as the materials,the treatments of different N,P2O5,K2O ratios of compound fertilizers and different types of pesticides[F1,45％of compound fertilizer(N,P2O5,K2O content ratio of 15∶15∶15);F2,40％of compound fertilizer(N,P2O5,K2O content ratio of 20∶8∶12);F3,F2+hypersensitive protein complex enzyme;F4,F2+dinotefuran;CK,without any fertilizer and pesticide]were set up to investigate the effects of pesticide-fertilizer treatments on leaf physiology,root morphology,dry matter accumulation and yield of early rice.The results showed that comparing with F1 and F2 compound fertilizer treatments,F3 pesticide-fertilizer treatment could significantly increase the photosynthetic potential,above-ground dry matter accumulation,leaf area index and total root number of Tanliangyou 83 at each growth stage,and the root dry weight and SPAD value at full heading stage and grain filling stage,the number of white roots and root volume at full heading stage.F4 pesticide-fertilizer treatment could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation and white root number of Tanliangyou 83 at full heading stage,leaf area index at grain filling stage,SPAD value and photosynthetic potential from full heading stage to grain filling stage,delay the senescence of leaves and roots,maintain higher photosynthetic rate and longer physiological functional period of leaves.Comparing with Fl and F2 compound fertilizer treatments,F3 and F4 pesticide-fertilizer treatments significantly increased the yield by 6.84％,4.75％and 6.41％,4.33％,respectively.The yield increase was mainly due to higher number of effective panicles,total number of spikelets per panicle and seed setting rate.In summary,the effect of F3 treatment is better.
Yongyou 6718 is a new medium indica-japonica hybrid rice combination with high yield,fine grain quality and good lodging resistance developed by Ningbo Seed Industry Co.,Ltd..The combination was approved by Jiangsu Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2021,and it is suitable for cultivation in the northern area of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province.
Jinmeizhan,a three-line hybrid rice restorer line developed by Guangzhou Jinyue Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,is characteristic of strong restoration ability,high combining ability,fine grain quality and good disease resistance.A series of hybrid rice combinations derived from Jinmeizhan have been approved and released to rice production.The breeding procedure and characteristics of Jinmeizhan and the performance of its derived hybrid rice combinations were introduced.
Huasheng A,developed through testcrossing and backcrossing between Taifeng A and the maintainer plants derived from the cross of R9311 and Taifeng B,is a long-grain indica CMS line in rice.It has the characteristics of good flowering habits,complete pollen sterility,high outcrossing rate and relatively good grain quality.In 2020,it was registered by Jiangxi Crop Variety Appraisal Committee.Among its hybrid combinations,Huashengyou Yuenongsimiao was approved by the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2020 and 2022,respectively,Huashengyou Lixiang was approved by Hunan Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2021,and Huashengyou 21 Simiao was approved by the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2022.The comprehensive rating of grain quality for Huashengyou 21 Simiao,Huashengyou Yuenongsimiao and Huashengyou Lixiang meets the 1st,2nd and 2nd class,respectively,of the standards issued by the Ministry of Agriculture.
To find the suitable cultivation methods for hybrid rice,three varieties including Ziliangyou 737,Yexiangyou 699 and Yexiangyou 676 were used as experimental materials,and three different cultivation methods including no tillage direct seeding,tillage direct seeding and manual transplanting(CK)were carried out.The differences in growth period,and yield and its components were compared,and the production cost and economic benefits were calculated.The results showed that compared with manual transplanting,the growth period of direct seeding was shortened by 7～10 days,the plant height was decreased by 7.1％～16.3％,the number of effective panicles was increased by 53.2％～77.8％,the total spikelets per panicle was decreased by 27.3％～34.0％,and the yield of direct seeding cultivation was significantly decreased by 2.6％～8.8％.There was no significant difference in panicle length,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight between direct seeding and manual transplanting.There was no significant difference in agronomic and yield characters between no tillage direct seeding and tillage direct seeding.No tillage direct seeding had the highest net income with 10 872.0～28 770.0 Yuan/hm2,followed by tillage direct seeding with 9 064.0～26 700.0 Yuan/hm2,and manual transplanting had the lowest net income with 7 580.0～25 410.0 Yuan/hm2.The net income of no tillage direct seeding and tillage direct seeding was increased by 13.2％～61.4％and 5.1％～30.8％,respectively,as compared with manual transplanting.Based on the comprehensive comparison of the three cultivation methods,no tillage direct seeding had the best economic benefit.
Taiyou 305 is a new hybrid rice combination developed by the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.It was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2019,and by Jiangxi Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2020.It has the characteristics of good grain quality,high yield and smooth color change in the later stage.This paper introduced the characteristics of its parents and the high-yielding seed production technology of the combination.
Based on the data of indica rice varieties approved by the national unified test from 2013 to 2022,the number,high quality rate,variety type,filled grain number per panicle,effective panicles,1 000-grain weight,yield,yield increase ratio,plant height and blast resistance comprehensive index of the approved varieties in different ecological regions were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 425 varieties were tested and approved in the national unified test in ten years,of which the medium indica varieties of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were the most approved varieties,followed by the medium indica varieties of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.There were differences in high quality rate of approved varieties in each ecological region.The varieties approved in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were mainly three-line hybrid rice,followed by two-line hybrid rice,with the characteristics of less effective panicles but heavier grains and more spikelets per panicle.The varieties approved in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were mainly two-line hybrid rice,followed by three-line hybrid rice,with the characteristics of medium grain weight and tillering ability but large number of spikelets per panicle.The late indica and early indica varieties approved in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River showed small panicle but large number of effective panicles.The yield of medium indica varieties of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and medium and late indica varieties in the upper and middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was higher,while the yield of early indica varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,early indica varieties and photoperiod-sensitive late indica varieties in South China was lower.The blast resistance comprehensive index of indica varieties in Wuling mountain area was low.Through the analysis of the comprehensive characteristics of the approved varieties,it provides a reference for the breeding of rice varieties suitable for each ecological area.
To clarify the genetic characteristics of hybrid rice derived from a japonica CMS line and a wide-compatibility indica restorer line and explore excellent germplasm resources,four BT-type japonica CMS lines and 13 wide-compatibility indica restorer lines were selected to make 52 hybrid rice combinations by way of incomplete diallele cross(NC Ⅱ)design.The combining ability and genetic parameters of eight main agronomic characters were analyzed.The results showed that 1A/R12,ZJ7A/R3961 and J14A/R86 were promising hybrid combinations with better comprehensive agronomic characters.The yield was very significantly and positively correlated with seed-setting rate,filled grains per panicle and total spikelets per panicle.The total spikelets per panicle and filled grains per panicle played an important role in the effect of special combining ability.Plant height,panicle length,effective panicles and 1 000-grain weight were mainly affected by additive gene effect.Seed-setting rate was mainly affected by the interaction of additive gene effect and non-additive gene effect.Total spikelets per panicle,filled grains per panicle and yield were mainly affected by the non-additive gene effect.Plant height mainly depended on male sterile lines,while panicle length,effective panicles,1 000-grain weight and seed-setting rate mainly depended on restorer lines.Therefore,when making hybrid combinations between japonica CMS lines and wide-compatibility indica restorer lines,emphasis should be placed on selecting semi-dwarf japonica male sterile lines and restorer lines with higher values in panicle length,effective panicles and 1 000-grain weight.Large panicle type and high seed-setting rate should be considered as the principal breeding indexes of hybrid combinations.
