The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into nursing care marks a paradigm shift in healthcare delivery, promising precision, efficiency, and personalization. As healthcare systems face mounting challenges—ranging from workforce shortages to increasing patient complexity—AI emerges as a critical ally. This article explores the multifaceted role of AI in nursing practice, focusing on clinical decision support, predictive analytics, patient monitoring, and administrative automation. It also addresses ethical implications, data privacy concerns, and the evolving competencies nurses must acquire to thrive in technologically enriched environments. Evidence indicates that AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, reduces burnout, and strengthens patient engagement. However, successful integration requires a balance between technological innovation and the preservation of humanistic care values—the essence of nursing.
Climate-induced disasters like floods, cyclones, wildfires, and heatwaves intensify trauma for vulnerable populations like the elderly, women, children, migrants, and low-income communities, often triggering forensic investigations into injuries, deaths, and human rights violations. This scoping review synthesizes global literature on forensic nursing's role, mapping 24 core competencies across disaster phases: pre-event risk diagnosis, acute response with trauma protocols and evidence preservation, and post-disaster psycho-emotional support and resilience building. Key findings highlight primary trauma surveys (airway, breathing, circulation) fused with chain-of-custody documentation, ethical balancing of consent amid chaos, and community strategies like vulnerability mapping and education. Gaps include climate-specific protocols for developing regions and integration with mental health services. Forensic nurses, as health-justice bridges, enhance equity by preserving evidence for accountability while fostering adaptive recovery. Recommendations urge curriculum reforms, interdisciplinary training, and policy embedding of these practices to safeguard lives in an era of frequent extreme events.
An essential part of managing a critically ill patient's airway is inserting an endotracheal tube (ETT). To guarantee airway patency, sufficient oxygenation, and ventilation while avoiding complications like hypoxia, aspiration, or ventilator-associated pneumonia, the ETT must be positioned correctly and securely. Early detection of tube migration or malposition during intensive care unit (ICU) rounds depends on the systematic evaluation of ETT position using external inspection, auscultation, laryngoscopy, aspiration, pulse oximetry, and radiographic confirmation. Frequent inspection improves patient safety, lowers the possibility of an unintentional extubation, and encourages interdisciplinary cooperation between medical professionals. Notwithstanding its advantages, depending only on bedside examination has drawbacks, making the use of supplementary instruments like chest radiography or ultrasonography necessary for precise confirmation.
The transitional process to maternity is reached through conceiving, carrying a pregnancy and giving birth. Psychological crisis may occur when reproduction appears impossible. Although both women and men can experience infertility, women in a relationship with a man are often perceived to suffer from infertility, regardless of whether they are infertile or not. Women with fertility problems experience multiple changes in the normal course of their lives, leading to physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, spiritual, cultural and even social problems. Physical problems are a major concern includes dyspareunia, eating disorders etc. Infertile couples are subjected to greater stress and have a greater risk of developing psychological disorders compared with others. They experience a sense of loss of identity and have pronounced feelings of defectiveness and incompetence. Women face social blame, stigma and being targeted for her role failure from family and community. Faces threats of divorce or polygamy, harassment, and communal ostracism, relationship instability/divorce, intimate partner violence are also included. Women are not allowed to join auspicious occasions, humiliation and lack of offering finances are non-bearable. In sexual life the enjoyable experience of sexual intimacy may be adversely affected and this may lead to marital distress. Disbelief, uncertainty, becomes pessimist and exhausted with religious visits were noticed among infertile women. The reproductive and child health programmes, however, do not adequately address the infertility issues in India. Healthcare professionals need to understand all dimensional implications of infertility in order to provide counselling, treatment and referring women with fertility concerns for consultation and further treatment.
Background: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) remains a public health concern in India due to persistent knowledge gaps and socio-cultural stigma. Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on knowledge and attitudes regarding menstruation across Indian states, including focused synthesis of Rajasthan studies. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched (2000–2025). Cross-sectional, interventional, and mixed-method studies assessing knowledge and/or attitudes toward menstruation among adolescent girls and women in India were included. Random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled prevalence of adequate knowledge. Results: A total of 214 studies met inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of adequate menstrual knowledge was 52% (95% CI: 47–57%). Pre-menarche awareness ranged from 32% to 68% across states. Restrictive attitudes were reported in 60–80% of participants nationally. Rajasthan demonstrated moderate knowledge (45–58%) but high prevalence of cultural restrictions (65–82%). Educational interventions significantly improved knowledge (SMD 0.84, p<0.001). Conclusion: Despite increased sanitary product access, knowledge and negative attitudes remain substantial across Indian states. Region-specific educational strategies are required.
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains highly prevalent among adolescent girls in India, impairing growth, cognition, and academic performance. Low-cost, scalable educational interventions may enhance awareness and foster preventive behaviors. Objective: To determine whether a focused informational booklet can significantly improve knowledge about IDA among adolescent girls in higher secondary schools of Mehsana city. Methods: A quasi experimental pretest–posttest design enrolled 60 girls (ages 16–17) selected via convenience sampling from two schools. Participants completed a 20 item multiple choice questionnaire assessing IDA knowledge (score range: 0–20) before and 7 days after receiving a color booklet covering iron sources, symptoms, consequences, and prevention. Post intervention scores were compared using paired t-tests. Results: Baseline mean knowledge score was 6.25±2.16; post intervention, it rose to 12.77±2.23 (t(59) = 21.34, p<0.001). The proportion of students attaining “good” knowledge (≥14/20) increased from 3.3% to 43.3%, while those scoring poorly (<7/20) declined from 46.7% to 5.0%. No significant associations emerged between knowledge gains and demographic variables (family income, parental education, dietary pattern). Conclusion: A single-session booklet intervention produced a substantial, statistically significant uplift in IDA-related knowledge among adolescent girls. Incorporating similar materials into school health curricula may serve as an effective component of anemia control strategies.
Introduction: A new Novel virus (COVID-19) global pandemic has resulted in changes to information technology many IT professionals forced to work from home. The study deals with Work environment, personal and organizational factors influencing job satisfaction. Satisfied employees are more productive and their well-being in society is good. Job satisfaction has a direct relation to the mental and physical health of an employee. Job dissatisfaction can lead to several problems in one’s life and organization. Employees with low-level job satisfaction may leave their job. So, it is necessary to find out job satisfaction among IT employees. Aim: To assess the level of Job satisfaction among IT professionals working from home during COVID-19 Pandemic outbreak at Chennai. Methods and tools: A quantitative research approach was used in this study. The design was non-experimental descriptive research design. Self-structured questionnaire and self-prepared Likert scale was used to assess the level of job satisfaction among IT professionals working from home during covid-19 pandemic outbreak. Results: The results of the study indicate, 48 (80%) of the IT professionals work from home are having moderate levels of job satisfaction, 8 (13.33%) of them have high level of job satisfaction and 4 (6.67%) have mild level of job satisfaction score. This showed that the majority of IT professionals have moderate level of job satisfaction during Covid-19 work from home environment. Discussion: Job satisfaction is one of the main working from home environmental factor of IT professionals especially due to Covid-19 pandemic. Through this study it was noted that majority of employees have moderate level of job satisfaction. However, it is suggested that more detailed studies can be done among IT professionals proving the levels of job satisfaction. The data were statistically analyzed and the findings were discussed under the objective formulated by the researcher. Therefore, the government and organizations should emphasize on the strategies which can increase the satisfaction of the IT professionals and ultimately decreases the job dissatisfaction.
Introduction: TORCH Syndrome refers to infection of a developing fetus or newborn by any of a group of infectious agents ‘’TORCH’’ is toxoplasmosis, other agents’ rubella also known as German Measles, cytomegalovirus, and herpes Simplex During pregnancy the mother can transmit the infection to the fetus through the placenta, the organ that provides oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus. Aim: Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among antenatal mothers at Telungupalayam village, Coimbatore district. Methods and Tools: A quantitative research approach was used in this study. The design was quasi experimental one group pre-test and post-test research design. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding TORCH infections during pregnancy among antenatal mothers residing in Telungupalayam village, Coimbatore. Results: The findings showed that the pre-test mean score of knowledge among antenatal mothers was 13.0 with S.D 6.19 and the post-test mean score of knowledge was 39.7 with S.D 5.1. The calculated paired ‘t’ value of t = 19.04 was found to be statistically significant at p<0.05 level. This clearly indicates that after the administration of structured teaching program the post-test level of knowledge was considerably increased among antenatal mothers and this clearly indicates that the structured teaching program was found to be effective in improving the knowledge among antenatal mothers. Hence the stated hypothesis (H1) was accepted. Discussion: The finding of the study that the structured teaching program was very effective in improving the level of knowledge. This study will help the health care professionals to develop appropriate teaching materials. Structured teaching program is a proven method to improve the knowledge of the antenatal mothers between the age group of 18-35 years which will help them to facilitate the healthy practices in day-to-day activities.
Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability which could improve outcomes through early recognition and timely intervention. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and also the third leading cause of disability. Globally one in four people are in danger of stroke. Awareness among general population plays a vital role in preventing stroke. Methods: The study was conducted to assess the level of awareness of risk factors and early identification of stroke among the patients and caregivers admitted in the male and female medical and surgical wards of Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur. Non- experimental descriptive research design was used and the sample consists of 60 people selected through non- probability convenient sampling techniques based on the inclusion criteria of the study. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of awareness on risk factors and early identification of stroke in the study. The data collection was done for 2 weeks. Result: The data reveals that, more than half of the samples 34(56.7%) belongs to 29 to 48 years of age, most of the participants 42 (70%) of them were females. majority of the samples 44(73.3%) are residing in rural areas, Only 13(21.67%) had a family history of stroke and most of the samples have no family history of stroke (78.33%), 46(76.7%) were married, more than half of the samples are employed 35 (58.33%) and 25(41 .66%) don't have any job, majority of the samples have income of above 5000(53.3%) and income of below 5000(46.66%). Half of the samples 30(50%) have high school education, 23(38.33%) of samples were graduates. Regarding the level of awareness on risk factors and early identification of stroke shows that 27(45%) had moderate awareness, 17(28.3%) had adequate awareness, and 16(26.6%) had inadequate awareness. There is a significant association was found between levels of awareness on the risk factors and early identification of stroke with selected demographic variables such as age with (p= 0.019) and family history (p=0.018) of stroke. Conclusion: Nurses can motivate caregivers to practice lifestyle changes to prevent the occurrence of stroke and develop knowledge based on risk factors and early identification of stroke which helps to get immediate medical attention.
Background: Neonatal resuscitation is a vital and time-critical intervention that plays a crucial role in safeguarding the lives of newborns who encounter breathing difficulties or face other critical conditions during their early moments of life. This life-saving procedure involves evidence-based techniques such as positive-pressure ventilation, chest compressions, and the judicious administration of medications to stabilize the newborn's vital functions. Essential equipment, including bag-mask devices, endotracheal tubes, and pulse oximeters, form the backbone of effective neonatal resuscitation. Proficiency in these techniques and equipment is of utmost importance for healthcare providers to respond promptly and effectively during neonatal emergencies, thereby significantly impacting the newborn's chances of survival and long-term well-being. Neonatal mortality, defined as the death of a newborn within the first 28 days of life, remains a significant global public health challenge. Despite substantial advances in medial science and healthcare, neonatal mortality rates continue to vary across different regions and countries. High neonatal mortality rates are often linked to the prevalence of neonatal diseases and complications, which demand immediate and effective neonatal resuscitation. Nursing staff, as frontline healthcare providers, play a crucial role in the immediate care and resuscitation of newborns, necessitating the need for comprehensive knowledge and skills in this critical area. Aims and Objective: To assess the pre-test knowledge level of nursing officers regarding new born resuscitation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the self-instructional module, by assessing the post-test knowledge level of nursing officers regarding newborn resuscitation following its implementation. To find out the association between knowledge with their selected demographic variable. Methods: A quantitative approach using pre-experimental one group pre-test-post-test design. A sample size of 60 nursing officers, meeting specific inclusion criteria, was selected by using non probability convenient sampling technique. The self-Instructional module was given to the Nursing officers. Self-structure knowledge questionnaire will prepare and used to assess the knowledge regarding resuscitation of new born. Results: in this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the age group 43.3% (29-34), Professional qualification 55% (B.Sc. Nursing), Working experience 41.7% (1-5 year), Working area 50% (Emergency), previous information on CPR 28.3% (video), Religion 80% (Hindu), In service education 70% (NO). Post-test knowledge mean score (21.18+6.29) was higher than the pre-test knowledge mean score (14.02+6.92). The calculated “T” value (10.106) was greater than the table value (1.98) at 0.05 level of significance. The pre-test and post-test mean % is 30.40% and 63.30% and different is 32.30%. So knowledge is increase after the intervention. This indicates that the self-instructional module is effective in increasing knowledge regarding new born resuscitation. Chi-square test to associate the level of knowledge with a selected demographic variable. Conclusion: The finding of the study revealed that self-instructional module is effective in increasing knowledge regarding new born resuscitation. Recommendations: A study can be carried out to evaluate the efficiency of various teaching strategies like a video assisted teaching, pamphlets, leaflets, and computer-assisted instruction on new born resuscitation.
A study done to identify the incidence and major reasons for hospital visit and hospitalization among 100 under five children at selected hospital, Salem. Sample were selected by using Nonprobability convenient sampling technique. A close ended questionnaire was used to assess number of times hospital visit (OP) and hospitalization (IP) happened in last year among children under five years. Study revealed that the incidence for hospital visit (OP)among 100 samples, majority 45%visited3- 5times, 42% had above5 times, only 13% had less than 3 times hospital visit in the last year. And the hospitalization (IP) incidence among100samplesshows that majority 49%hospitalizedforlessthan 2 times,46% for 2-3times, and only 5% wereabove3 times. The reason for hospital visit (OP) shows that majority of samples (>70%) had visited the hospital with reasons like cough (75%), fever (80%), cold (88%). Also, the study revealed that among100samples, the majority of samples (>40%) were hospitalized (IP) for reasons like fever (67%) cold (41%) cough (40%). Therefore, both acute care and community setting there is a need to identify the major reasons for the hospital visit of under five children. It would help the health care professional in the community to reorganize health programme and health camps and educate the parents on prevention of under five-year-old diseases.
Background: In resource-constrained healthcare settings, caregivers are thrust into a primary role in preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) for patients on continuous bladder drainage. Their competency is a critical yet underexplored factor in patient safety. Objectives: Th1is study aimed to assess caregivers’ knowledge and practices regarding UTI prevention and to determine the association between these variables and their socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 caregivers in a tertiary care hospital in Thrissur, India, using validated structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests. Results: A disparity was observed: while most caregivers (80%) possessed only average knowledge, a majority (70%) demonstrated good preventive practices. A statistically significant association was confirmed between knowledge and practice levels (χ² (1) =10.3, p<0.05). Age was the only socio-demographic factor significantly associated with knowledge, with older caregivers (>45 years) scoring lower. Conclusion: Despite a gap in theoretical knowledge, caregivers performed well practically, and better knowledge was associated with better practice. This underscores a vital opportunity to implement structured, hands-on training programs—especially tailored for older caregivers—to bridge the knowledge gap, empower caregivers, and ultimately reduce CAUTI rates.
Background: Oral cancer is the third most common cancer in India and the sixth most prevalent worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 90% of all oral cancers, and has a 5-year survival rate of around 60%. However, early diagnosis can increase the survival rate to over 90%. In 2020, the WHO estimated that there were 377,713 new cases of oral cancer and 177,757 deaths from the disease globally. It affects various parts of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, and other oral tissues, and is often associated with modifiable risk factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol use, poor diet, and inadequate oral hygiene. Aim: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of oral cancer awareness and prevention education on knowledge, skill, and attitude among auto drivers. Methodology: A quantitative research approach was used for this study. Non – equivalent pre-test post-test control group design, a quasi-experimental approach was adopted for this study. A total of 100 samples were selected purposively, out of which 50 were allotted to the experimental group and 50 were allotted control group. Data were collected using structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale towards oral cancer, and oral self-examination observational checklist. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The current study findings revealed that Oral Cancer Awareness and Prevention Education (OCAPE) was effective in increasing the knowledge on oral cancer (‘t’ = 25.09, P= 0.001); in improving the attitude (t’ = 27.40, P= 0.001); and in increasing the skill regarding oral self-examination (t’= 48.31, p= 0.001) of the auto drivers. There was very highly significant positive moderate correlation between knowledge and attitude (r=0.45, p=<0.001), knowledge and skill (r = 0.35, p = <0.001), skill and attitude (r =0.48, p = < 0.001). There was significant association between pre-test knowledge score and place of residence (χ² = 10.24, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study findings highlighted that nurses play a pivotal role in increasing the awareness, practice and attitude towards oral cancer among high-risk groups. The findings clearly elucidate that the awareness and education helps in adoption of appropriate life style measures to prevent oral cancer thus reducing the global burden of oral cancer.
Introduction: The word “vitamin” means life. Vitamins are substance essential for the maintenance of normal metabolic functions they are required for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Vitamins are widely used as dietary supplements. “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Vitamin – A Among Mother of Under Five Children in Selected Urban Area of Mehsana City.” Objective: 1) To assess the pretest knowledge score regarding vitamin A. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness PTP regarding vitamin A. 3) To find out the association between knowledge score with selected demographical variable. Hypothesies: H1: there will be significant differences between pre and posttest score of mothers of under five children regarding vitamin A. H2: - there will be significant association between pre knowledge and practices of mothers of under five children regarding vitamin A. Design: Pre-experimental pretest and posttest design. Participants: 50 mothers of urban area were selected using non – probability convenient sampling teaching in of mehsana city. Tool: A self-structure questionnaire which consisted of 20 multiple choice questions was used to assess the level of knowledge among mothers of under five children in selected urban area of mehsana city. Results: In this study overall the highest percentage in the demographic data including the findings from the sec-1 show that (44%) mothers belong the age group 26 – 30 yr. (86%) mothers had Hindu religion. (52%) mothers had 10,000 – 15,000 incomes. (40%) mothers had higher secondary education. (42%) mothers had joint family. (44%) mothers have 2 child. Regarding level of knowledge, during pretest, mothers had adequate level of knowledge regarding vitamin A 0(0%), mothers had moderate level of knowledge 7 (14%) and inadequate of level of knowledge 43(86%). During posttest 18(36%) mothers had adequate level of knowledge regarding vitamin A. 31(62%) mothers had moderate level of knowledge and 1(2%) mothers had inadequate level of knowledge on vitamin A. Conclusion: Majority of the mothers had adequate level of knowledge regarding vitamin A requirement in under five children.
Introduction: Iron-deficiency anemia is highly prevalent among adolescent girls due to increased biological demands during growth and menstruation, and insufficient dietary iron intake. Enhancing dietary knowledge can help prevent anemia in this vulnerable stage. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching (VAT) on knowledge regarding dietary management of anemia among adolescent girls. Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was adopted among 30 adolescent girls from KV Matriculation School, Sivapuram. Knowledge was assessed using a structured 20-item questionnaire before and after the VAT programme. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Pretest revealed 73.3% of girls had inadequate knowledge and none had adequate knowledge. Posttest showed 63.3% achieved adequate knowledge, whereas only 10% remained inadequate, indicating a significant gain in knowledge following VAT. Discussion: The intervention improved knowledge levels and highlights the importance of school-based nutrition education for preventing anemia among adolescent girls. Conclusion: Video Assisted Teaching is an effective strategy to improve knowledge regarding dietary management of anemia among adolescent girls.
Background: Rapid globalization and growing patterns of migration have altered the demographic profile of healthcare systems across the world, including in India. As nursing students encounter patients from increasingly diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, the demand for cultural competence becomes more pressing. Although its importance is widely acknowledged, efforts to build cultural competence in nursing education are often fragmented, and the ways in which globalization and migration shape this competence remain insufficiently understood. Aim: This study uses Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis to explore how cultural competence is defined and applied in nursing education today, particularly within the shifting global and migratory landscape. The analysis seeks to identify the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and related concepts that contribute to a more coherent understanding of cultural competence and to draw out implications for teaching, curricular planning, and institutional policy. Methods: A systematic review of literature indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science was conducted, focusing on English-language publications from 2005 to 2025. Extracted data included definitions, conceptual attributes, antecedents, consequences, and surrogate or related terms. During the analysis and synthesis stage, the findings were organized using Rodgers’ framework. A conceptual framework was also developed to show how these components interact and how the concept continues to evolve within contemporary educational and clinical settings. Findings: The analysis shows that cultural competence in nursing education is not a fixed set of skill but a dynamic process shaped by global mobility, sociocultural diversity, and shifting healthcare expectations. Core attributes identified include cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity, communication abilities across cultural and linguistic boundaries, cultural responsiveness, and a commitment to continual learning. Antecedents were linked to demographic diversity, internationalization within nursing programs, recognition of structural health inequities, and institutional readiness to support cultural learning. Consequences ranged from better patient–provider relationships and reduced disparities to increased global readiness among graduates and broader institutional shifts. Concepts such as cultural humility, cultural safety, and transcultural nursing offered useful comparative and contrasting perspectives. Implications: The findings point to the need for curriculum integration, stronger faculty preparation, richer experiential learning opportunities, policy reinforcement, and refined forms of assessment that capture cultural competence as an ongoing developmental process. Conclusion: Through the lens of Rodgers’ evolutionary approach, this study offers a more grounded and context-sensitive understanding of cultural competence in nursing education. The conceptual clarity gained here provides direction for educational reforms and supports the preparation of nursing students to deliver culturally responsive, equitable care in an increasingly interconnected world.
Introduction: ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that disrupt daily life. It usually begins in childhood and may persist into adulthood. Diagnosing adult ADHD is difficult, as about 80% have other psychiatric conditions. In Odisha, India, 11.3% of primary school children have ADHD. Common traits are low frustration tolerance, temper outbursts, peer rejection, academic struggles, and low self-esteem (Barkley, 2005), all of which significantly impact daily life. Objectives: "To assess the effectiveness of an in-service teacher training program on ADHD by comparing pre- and post-intervention knowledge levels, and to analyze the relationship between knowledge gains and selected socio-demographic characteristics among elementary school teachers in Cuttack, Odisha." Justifications: ADHD impacts children's academics, social lives, and well-being, especially at school. Around the world, 7–8% of children have symptoms that interrupt school and peer interactions. Early identification and help depend on teachers, yet many lack expertise and skills. Teachers receive targeted training to identify and help ADHD students, improving educational outcomes. Methodology: A one-group pre-test post-test design was used. Thirty primary school teachers were selected through purposive sampling. Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) assessed ADHD knowledge through self-reporting questionnaires. Pre-test was conducted on day-1, followed by an ADHD lecture, and post-test on day-7. Analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results indicated that the mean post-test knowledge score (29.40±4.25) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (10.77±4.56). The paired t-test value was 24.70 with 29 degrees of freedom, indicating statistical significance. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that teachers in service training improved primary school teachers' comprehension of ADHD. This program gave instructors valuable insights and ways to identify and support students with this condition in the classroom.
Dysphagia, a difficulty in swallowing often associated with neurological conditions like stroke, was assessed in CVA patients before and after Chin tuck against resistance (CTAR) exercises. A quasi-experimental study with 60 participants (30 experimental and 30 control) was conducted at VIMS Hospital in Salem. Results indicated significant improvement in swallowing ability in the experimental group, with mean dysphagia scores rising from 9.996 to 12.1 post-exercise (p< 0.05). In contrast, the control group showed negligible change in scores. The study concluded that CTAR effectively enhances swallowing ability in dysphagia among CVA patients.
Background: Thalassemia is a common inherited hemoglobin disorder and a major public health concern in India. Children with thalassemia major require lifelong blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and continuous monitoring, which places a significant caregiving burden on families. Nurses and other healthcare professionals play a central role in educating caregivers, supporting treatment adherence, and promoting preventive strategies such as carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis. However, inadequate caregiver knowledge remains a critical challenge in effective disease management and prevention. Aim: To assess the knowledge regarding thalassemia and its management among caregivers of thalassemic children. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding thalassemia and its management among caregivers of children with thalassemia using standard questionnaire. 2. To determine the association between caregiver knowledge and selected socio-demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 caregivers of children diagnosed with thalassemia attending the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected using a validated structured interview schedule comprising socio-demographic variables and 30 multiple-choice questions related to thalassemia, its treatment, complications, and preventive measures. Knowledge scores were categorized as poor (0–10), average (11–20), and above-average/adequate (21–30). Data were analyzed using OpenEpi software, and associations were tested using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The findings revealed that 65% of caregivers had average knowledge, 25% had poor knowledge, and only 10% demonstrated above-average or adequate knowledge regarding thalassemia and its management. The mean knowledge score was 14, indicating moderate awareness with substantial informational gaps. Caregiver knowledge showed a statistically significant association with relationship to the child, educational status, occupation, family history of thalassemia, and history of consanguineous marriage (p < 0.05). Parents, caregivers with higher educational attainment, government-sector employees, and those with a family history of thalassemia exhibited significantly better knowledge. Print media was the most commonly reported source of information. Conclusion: The study highlights inadequate caregiver knowledge regarding thalassemia and its management despite ongoing interaction with healthcare services. From a nursing and public health perspective, these findings emphasize the need for structured caregiver education, nurse-led counseling, and community-based awareness programs focusing on disease management and prevention. Integrating targeted health education into routine nursing care and strengthening preventive strategies can enhance caregiver competence, improve treatment adherence, and contribute to reducing the long-term burden of thalassemia in resource-limited settings.
An experimental study was conducted at Little Lourdes Mission Hospital, Kidangoor, Kerala, to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in managing pain and anxiety during intravenous injection in children aged 3–7 years. A total of 30 children were selected through systematic random sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received a VR intervention for 3–5 minutes during the procedure. Pain and anxiety were measured using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale and the Visual Analogue Anxiety Scale. Results showed significantly lower pain (mean score 2.0) and anxiety (mean score 1.87) in the experimental group compared to the control group (pain mean 8.13; anxiety mean 8.67), with t-values of 10.25 and 12.26, respectively. These findings indicate that VR is highly effective in reducing pain and anxiety in young children undergoing injections.
