Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between systemic diseases, smoking habits, and medication use with oral hygiene status among elderly residents in nursing homes in Yogyakarta. Material and Method: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 170 elderly individuals (≥60 years) residing in nursing homes in Yogyakarta. Oral hygiene status was evaluated using the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and the Tongue Coating Index (TCI). Data on systemic diseases, smoking habits, and medication use were collected through structured interviews. Associations between these factors and oral hygiene outcomes were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Systemic diseases were significantly associated with higher OHI (p = 0.021) and TCI (p = 0.018). Smoking was also significantly associated with higher OHI (p = 0.028) and TCI (p = 0.025). Additionally, medication use was significantly associated with poorer oral hygiene, reflected in higher OHI (p = 0.014) and TCI (p = 0.012). No significant associations were observed between demographic factors and OHls. Conclusion: Systemic diseases, smoking habits, and medication use are significantly associated with poor oral hygiene among elderly nursing home residents in Yogyakarta. Although this cross-sectional study provides contextually relevant data, generalizability may be limited because of purposive sampling. Comprehensive preventive strategies addressing medical conditions, lifestyle factors, and tailored oral health interventions are essential for this vulnerable population.
Objective: The present study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic potential of Euphorbia tirucalli L. stem extract in accelerating mandibular bone defect healing through the modulation of inflammatory and regenerative cellular responses, including polymorphonuclear cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in Wistar rats. Material and Methods: A laboratory-based experimental study with a randomized post-test only control group design was conducted using 40 male Wistar rats. Standardized mandibular defects were created in the symphysis region utilizing a low-speed round bur. The animals were randomly assigned into four groups, including a negative control and three treatment groups receiving topical Euphorbia tirucalli L. stem extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, administered twice daily for 7 days. Histological evaluation was carried out on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: The group treated with 75% extract demonstrated significant increases in fibroblast proliferation on days 5 and 7, alongside increased osteoblastic activity at corresponding time points, relative to the control group. Conversely, a marked reduction in PMN cell infiltration was observed during the early phase (day 3), accompanied by decreased osteoclast activity in the later phase (day 7), indicating a favorable shift from inflammation toward tissue regeneration. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the experimental study, Euphorbia tirucalli L. stem extract demonstrated the dose-dependent modulation of inflammatory and bone remodelling cells in mandibular bone defects. However, further molecular and clinical studies are required prior to its clinical application.
Objective: Periodontal diseases, including periodontitis, affected approximately 951.3 million people worldwide in 2021. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for determining effective treatment plans. Radiographic examination, particularly periapical radiographs, is a valuable method for assessing periodontal bone loss (PBL). However, classification of PBL stages is often influenced by observer subjectivity due to the complexity of manual measurement. This study aimed to develop and evaluate convolutional neural network (CNN) models for automated PBL classification in periapical radiographs. Material and Methods: A dataset of 600 periapical radiographs was used, consisting of 480 training images, 60 validation images, and 60 testing images. DenseNet-121, DenseNet-201, VGG-Net 16, and VGG-Net 19 models were implemented for PBL classification. Based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, the data were categorized into normal, stage I, stage II, and stage III/IV. The model development included data augmentation, training, and model evaluation using accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity metrics. Results: DenseNet-121 achieved the highest performance among the evaluated models, with an accuracy of 83.33%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 60%. Conclusion: All CNN models demonstrated good performance in classifying PBL in periapical radiographs, with DenseNet-121 showing the best performance, thus indicating strong potential as an automated tool for PBL staging. Increasing the dataset size may further improve performance and reliability for clinical applications.
Objective: Edentulism and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with impaired oral function and diminished quality of life. Complete denture rehabilitation plays a pivotal role in the restoration of mastication, comfort, and self-confidence. This study aimed to examine changes in oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) after complete denture insertion in diabetic edentulous patients using the OHIP-14 and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaires. Materials and Methods: This prospective, longitudinal observational study included 25 completely edentulous diabetic patients. Their OHRQoL was evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, and 6 months postdenture insertion using validated questionnaires, namely, OHIP-14 and GOHAI. Data was analyzed using the Friedman test, and effect sizes were calculated to measure the extent of improvement. Results: Both OHIP-14 and GOHAI showed significant score reductions across all domains (p < 0.001). The mean total OHIP-14 score decreased from 29 at baseline to 4.84 after 6 months, whereas the mean total GOHAI score decreased from 28 to 3.88, respectively. The greatest improvements were observed in psychological disability (effect size: 0.83), physical function (0.88), and pain/discomfort (0.89). Conclusion: Complete denture rehabilitation markedly improved oral function and psychosocial well-being in diabetic edentulous patients, with the most pronounced improvements observed within the first 2 months and sustained benefits up to 6 months. These results highlight the role of dentures in restoring comfort, confidence, and quality of life.
Introduction: Oral surgery may be associated with intraoperative complications, such as nerve injury, hemorrhage, and other procedure-related adverse events. Wharton's duct laceration is an uncommon but significant complication involving the floor of the mouth. Owing to the region's anatomical complexity, unrecognized injuries may affect gland function and patient well-being. Case Report: A 69-year-old female patient presented with left submandibular swelling associated with a prior Wharton's duct injury. Initial management included local interventions and marsupialization; however, clinical symptoms recurred, which required submandibulectomy. The postoperative course was favorable. Discussion: Early diagnosis is key to managing submandibular duct injuries. Up to 32% of submandibulectomies are caused by chronic sialadenitis, often from prior surgical trauma. Although sialendoscopy offers a minimally invasive option, it may be limited in cases of severe fibrosis or proximal stenosis, where submandibulectomy remains the preferred treatment. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical planning to prevent complications and achieve clinical resolution.
