Abstract Background: Chronic bleeding disorders known as hemophilia type A and hemophilia type B are brought on by insufficient clotting factors VIII and IX, respectively. Hemophiliacs may bleed sporadically or from small wounds, and the severity varies. The replacement of the absent clotting factor is often part of the treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to learn more about the clinical effects of lipid profile alterations in people with hemophilia. Materials and Methods: This is a case–control study of 35 healthy people and 32 people with hemophilia. This research was conducted at Basrah Haematology Centre from October 2022 to March 2023. All congenital hemophilia type A and hemophilia type B individuals were included in this study. A hemophilia patient’s data includes exercise, smoking, severity, treatment, complaint, symptoms, and work. In both groups, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and body mass index (BMI) are reported in this study. Results: Hemophilia patients have a mean age of 30.12 ± 9.2 months and a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.1 ± 0.44, with 34.4% exhibiting poor to moderate exercise and 59.4% smoking. While they have lower HDL levels than in normal individuals, there are no significant differences in LDL, TC, TG, and BMI. Hemophiliacs show varied lipid profiles and HbA1c levels, but there is no significant correlation between HbA1c and the lipid profile. Conclusion: High prevalence of HDL in hemophiliac patients compared with controls, with large HDL mean differences; lower HDL than in normal persons. TG decreases, and LDL and TG rise in individuals with hemophilia, although these three metrics do not differ between hemophilia and normal people. Therefore, hemophilia patients have a greater dyslipidemia rate than controls.
Abstract Background: Removable orthodontic appliances that the patient can remove for cleaning and that may be made to exert stresses on the teeth using springs, screws, and other mechanical parts. Objectives: The study’s objectives, therefore, include evaluating the immunological responses in the mouths of people with removable orthodontics devices. Materials and Methods: A total of (50) individuals including 30 (60%) patients and 20 (40%) controls, for those patients measured baseline T0, after the first month of activation, T1 was measured followed by T2 measurement after the second month of activation by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Results: The findings showed that the patient group had a statistically significant increase in epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentration compared to the control group ( P ≤ 0.05). The group increased in EGF conc. as opposed to the control group and its conc. Within the patient’s group, with T0 (baseline) being higher than T1 (after 1st month) and T1 being higher than T2 (after 2nd month) so EGF concentration decreased over time. On the other hand, the findings showed that the patient group also had a significant increase in β2-MG conc. As compared to the control group, its concentration in the patient group at T0 (baseline) was lower than T1 (after 1 month), and T1 was lower than T2 (after 2 months) so β2-MG concentration increased with time. The concentration of EGF and β2-MG was determined by ELISA methodology. Conclusion: In contrast to controls, patients had higher concentrations of EGF and 2-MG, and the prevalence of people wearing orthodontics was unexpectedly high.
Abstract Background: Ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHF) solution is one of the fluoride compounds used in the prevention of dental caries and treatment of dentin hypersensitivity without causing tooth discoloration after application. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of AHF on the microhardness of human demineralized dentin in comparison with sodium fluoride and deionized water. Materials and Methods: Fifty sound, permanent human maxillary first premolars were collected from Iraqi patients and divided randomly into five groups: control (-ve) deionized water, control (+ve) sodium fluoride 2%, and three study groups with different concentrations 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 ppm of AHF, respectively. The teeth were tested for baseline microhardness, after demineralization, and after treatment with selected concentrations of AHF, sodium fluoride (NaF), and deionized water according to their group’s design by using a Digital Vickers microhardness tester. Data were analyzed by using Shapiro–Wilk, repeated measure analysis of variance with Tukey’s honestly significant difference. Results: All the groups of AHF (10,000, 15,000, 20,000 ppm) have a statistically higher percentage of surface microhardness (SMH) recovery than the NaF and deionized water. In the treatment stage, SMH of 20,000 ppm AHF shows the highest results. Conclusion: The present study found that AHF has a remineralizing effect on dentin with artificially carious lesions and its effect is higher than that of sodium fluoride 2% and the remineralization effect of the AHF increases as the concentration of it increases.
Abstract Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered acquired infections, with Proteus mirabilis ( P. mirabilis ) being a frequent pathogen that causes severe UTIs, especially in patients with anatomical or functional problems. The atpD gene is one of the most conserved genes in Proteus species that encodes for atp synthase β -subunit and its application for phylogenetic analysis of P. mirabilis isolates, and 16S rRNA gene sequences have been the most often utilized housekeeping genetic marker in the study of bacterial taxonomy and phylogeny. Objective: To compare atpD and 16S rRNA genes for diagnosis of clinical P. mirabilis isolates from UTI patients. Materials and Methods: Mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients suspected to get UTI, a total of 280 urine specimens, admitted to Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital from both sexes and with different ages during the period from May 2023 to October 2023, followed by cultivation and identification by morphological, biochemical tests, and Vitek2 system for an isolate. The boiling procedure is used in DNA extraction, followed by gene detection, sequencing, read followed by interpretation, and compared by BLAST similarity. Results: Results showed that 200/280 (71.43%) samples gave positive growth which was subdivided into 160/200 (80%) female and 40/200 (20%) male. The mean age of patients was 34.29 ± 13.27 with a range of 10–70 years. According to all these microscopic, phenotypic, and biochemical tests, results showed that out of the whole urine samples, 30/280 (10.7%) were positive for P. mirabilis , and only 25/280 isolates were confirmed to be P. mirabilis by VITEK system. 16S rRNA gene was detected in 25/25 (100%) of the isolates, while atpD was detected among only 16/25 isolates (64%). atpD gene amplicons with size 595 bp were subjected to nucleotides study, and detailed analysis revealed that atpD gene sequencing demonstrated an increase in nucleotides substitutions and differing phylogenetic histories. Conclusion: atpD failed to be a warranty for identification and confirmation of P. mirabilis isolates in comparison with 16S rRNA .
Abstract Background: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the serious diabetic complications associated with neural structural and functional abnormalities. Schwann cells are crucial for the structure and function of nerve fibers, coating them by forming a myelin sheath. The reduction in Caveolin-1 (CAV1), a 21 KD protein, expression has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Objective: Our aim is to evaluate the levels of serum CAV1 in diabetic patients using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and nerve conduction study. Materials and Methods: 126 type 2 diabetic patients from those who attended National Diabetic Center of Mustansiriyah University. The patients were randomly selected and underwent neuropathy screening, confirmed by a nerve conduction study. Fasting blood specimens were taken to assess fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and serum CAV1. Patients were classified based on the findings of the MNSI and nerve conduction study. Results: The serum CAV1 level was significantly elevated in patients with elevated MNSI scores compared to those with a lower scores, while no significant difference was found between patients regarding nerve study. However, in this study, patients with higher scores on MNSI, regardless of whether they had diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) or not, exhibited significantly the highest levels of serum CAV1 compared to other patients who had lower scores. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetic patients, serum CAV1 level was not influenced by the occurrence of DPN based on nerve study results. However, it was associated with higher scores on MNSI.
Abstracts Background: Hospitals around the world are currently suffering from Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a major pathogen in hospitals. Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections are caused by decades of unneeded use of antibiotics. Antibiotics have been prescribed for years to treat colds and influenza in cases of viral infections that do not respond to these drugs, and thus increase resistance in staphylococci, which in turn leads to very serious and potentially fatal diseases. Materials and Methods: From the beginning of December 2021 until the end of March 2022, samples of wounds, burns, blood, skin, and urine were collected from several hospitals in Kerbala, Iraq. A total of 150 samples were cultured immediately after collection for diagnosis. Results: The Staphylococcal isolates were identified through microscopic and biochemical examinations using the analytical profile index 20E system. The isolation process resulted in obtaining 31 S. aureus isolates, which were subsequently tested for their resistance to antibiotics. Finally, investigated methicillin and tetracyclines genes and the ability of these bacteria to produce biofilms by qualitative and quantitative methods. Conclusion: An increase in the proportions of MRSA was observed in the holy city of kerbala, and all MRSA bacteria produced biofilms with varying in strength.
Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disorder affecting various joints throughout the body. Toll-like receptors are essential for the immune system’s ability to defend against infections and maintain homeostasis. In particular, TLR-4 has been studied for its role in autoimmune diseases such as RA. Objectives: This study explored how molecular variations in TLR-4 might impact the likelihood and susceptibility of Iraqis to develop RA. Materials and Methods: The study included 100 participants, 50 of whom had RA, whereas the other 50 did not serve as controls. Genotyping was performed using high-resolution melting techniques through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate the effects of genetic risk factors associated with the TLR-4 gene between the two groups. Results: Significant differences in the frequency of TLR-4 rs41426344 alleles and genotypes were observed between patients with RA and controls. The CC genotype of the TLR-4 gene in the (rs41426344SNP) shows a risk for RA (20% vs. 0% in healthy individuals), the ( χ 2 = 8.77; OR= 26.18(1.48–460.36) and P = 0.0084, respectively, whereas the other genotypes (GG and GC) showed no risk for RA in the studied samples of the Iraqi population. Conclusion: This case-control study analyzed, for the first time, the influence of TLR-4 gene polymorphisms on RA pathogenesis in the study population.
Abstract Background: Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. The majority of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are male, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the neurodevelopmental stage. Additionally, polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor gene has been shown to be associated with autism. Objectives: To find out whether there is a link between the HTR2A gene and autism in children. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 50 autistic patients and 50 healthy people to see if there was a link. The serotonin gene was genotyped using the PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. The data was examined using the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and the Chi square (χ²) results have been statistically verified. A P -value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The allelic frequency of the gene was 94.5% in the control group and 70.7% in the autistic sets, with significant variances. Homozygous AA (43.4%) and homozygous GG (32.3%) were more prevalent than the heterozygous (32.3), with significant variances between them (33.3%). Conclusion: There is a link between autism and mutations in the HTR2A gene.
Abstract Majority of endocrine problems include thyroid conditions. Patients’ health may be adversely impacted, and they frequently need ongoing care and monitoring. This study aimed to investigate serum gremlin-1 (grem-1) levels in patients with thyroid and evaluate any possible relationship between serum grem-1 levels with anthropometric measurements. This study involved 56 thyroid dysfunctions (TDs) patients from a medical laboratory, as well as 28 healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of Grem-1 were measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while serum levels of fasting glucose were measured by colorimetric enzyme spectrophotometry. Serum levels of Grem-1 were significantly higher in the hyperthyroidism group than in both the hypothyroidism and HCs. In hypothyroidism, Grem-1 showed a negative correlation with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thoracic-to-hip ratio (T/H), thoracic-to-hip ratio (W/H), waist-to-chest ratio (W/T), waist-to-neck ratio (W/N) and fasting serum glucose (FSG), whereas it showed an important negative correlation with TSH and T/H in hyperthyroidism patients. Grem-1 showed a strong positive correlation with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) (nmol/mL) ( P > 0.0001) in hyperthyroidism patients, whereas it showed a positive correlation with T3 and T4 in hypothyroidism patients. The results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the best measured parameters for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism were T4 with AUC (0.9872) but TSH and T3 were good markers for the hypothyroidism diagnosis with AUC (0.9847 and 0.8578). For the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, T3 and T4 were the best biomarkers with AUC (1.000) while Grem-1 was an excellent biomarker for diagnosis hyperthyroidism with AUC (0.9554), some anthropometric measurements showed good values more than 0.8 for diagnosis hypothyroidism (BMI, W/T and W/N) and hyperthyroidism (T/H). Gremlin-1 showed a negative association with W/H in hypothyroidism, whereas it showed a strong negative association with T/H in hyperthyroidism.
Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial infection that can result in several life-threatening syndromes, including pneumonia, endocarditis, wound infections, and bacteremia. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the resistance status of MRSA isolates against inducible clindamycin resistance and biofilm production, both phenotypically and genotypically, from different clinical sources. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 different clinical samples (wound, urine, burn, and sputum) were collected. All these samples were subjected to classical microbiological testing, which included culturing directly on mannitol salt agar and antibiotic susceptibility test. The cefoxitin 30 (µg) antibiotic was used as a screening antibiotic for detecting the MRSA isolates, as suggested by The clinical & laboratory standards institute. Microtiter plate methods were applied to detect biofilm production in MRSA isolates. Polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect the presence of the MRSA, biofilm, and clindamycin resistance genes. Results: From 200 clinical samples, only 50 S. auerus were diagnosed with MRSA, and these isolates showed full resistance against cefoxitin and showed resistance against different antibiotic groups. All MRSA isolates were screened for harboring mecA and blaDHA-1 genes. The result showed all MRSA isolates 50/50 (100%) carried the mecA gene, while only 17/50 isolates carried the blaDHA-1 gene. Considering the phenotyping resistance toward macrolide antibiotic groups, 10/50 (20%), 13/50 (26%), and 25/50 (54%) MRSA isolates showed S, R, and D phenotyping, respectively. For genotypic detection, only six isolates from each group (D, R, and S) phenotype, the ermC gene was highly prevalent in the three groups of MRSA isolates. Regarding biofilm formation, only eight MRSA isolates out of 50 scored as strong biofilm producers, harboring two genes ( fnbA and fnbB ). Conclusion: The high frequencies of circulating mecA genes and β -lactam genes demonstrate the necessity of policies for overcoming MRSA problems in clinical specimens. Improper use of antibiotics among patients in Baghdad city may play an essential role in the spread and emergence of antibiotic resistance. Focus on the role of plant extracts in the treatment of MRSA isolates.
Abstract Background: The human oral cavity environment from birth is colonized with a complex community of microbiota associated with the oral mucous membranes people who can’t maintain good oral hygiene will be subjected to oral diseases like periodontal disease and dental caries as the normal flora have the ability to stick to the teeth surfaces and the gum which is difficult to be removed and become microbial population. Recently, plant extracts have aroused great interest since they are considered as a source of bioproducts that have protective properties when used as therapeutic alternatives with many pathogens. Objective: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of crude olibanum extract against Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from halitosis patients in Iraq. Material and Methods: This study included the collection of 120 specimens from the oral cavities of halitosis patients of both genders and all age groups. K. pneumoniae was isolated using various techniques, and the aqueous extract of crude olibanum was then used to inhibit the growth of bacteria using well diffusion methods. Results: From 120 clinical specimens only 30 (25.0%) isolates were belonged to K. pneumoniae and the aqueous extract of olibanum was inhibit the growth of bacteria. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that the aqueous extract of olibanum had antibacterial effect against K. pneumoniae .
Abstract Background: Hypertension with smoking is a chronic medical condition that affects human health. Chronic smokers are at an elevated risk of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory diseases, and oral cancers. Objective: By using nuclear deformities in cells among the three groups of desquamated buccal mucosal cells, cellular morphological changes can be investigated and estimated. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 subjects were randomly selected and classified into three groups: group 1 (G1): 30 hypertensive smokers treated with Diovan ® , group 2 (G2): 30 hypertensive nonsmokers treated with Diovan ® , and group 3 (G3): 30 healthy individuals as the control group. Buccal mucosal smears were collected and stained by pap stain. The parameters achieved for the three groups were statistically compared using mean ( M ), standard deviation (SD), and one-way analysis of variance test. Results: There was a significant difference in all nuclear abnormalities among the three groups, as indicated by a P value of 0.000. Conclusion: Groups G1 and G2 exhibit significant cytomorphological changes. The combined use of cytomorphological and exfoliative cytology analysis presents an added advantage. It helps in observing clinically suspect lesions and initial identification of malignancy in high-risk individuals, such as smokers.
Abstract Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes for admission to neonatal care units at developing countries, consider reason of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. Objectives: To evaluate the level of practice of health care providers and to determine the effectiveness of education program about sepsis through follow-up process for two months after program implementation. Materials and Methods: Quasiexperimental study designed to assess the practice of health care providers, Anon probability (purposive) sample composed of (56) health care providers (28 for control group and 28 for study group), for the period from March 10, 2023, to March 15, 2024. Results: Results of pretest estimated that most nurses have moderate level of practice in the control and study groups where their percent were (60.7%), (57.1%) in the control and study groups, respectively, results of post one estimated that 60.7% of health care providers in control group have moderate level of practice and (64.3%) of health care providers had a good level of practice in study group after apply the educational program. Finally results of post two estimated that (60.7%) of nurses had moderate level of practice in control group, while (60.7%) of nurses have an adequate level of practice in study group after two months of apply the educational program. Conclusions: The most of health care providers have moderate level of practice before apply the educational program. The results of posttest estimated that the level of practice change to good level after apply the program.
Abstract Background: The family Polyomaviridae includes the human polyomavirus BKV. The virus infects humans in a broad population without the affected individuals exhibiting any apparent symptoms. Viral pathogenicity and replication are regulated by two microRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by BKV, bkv-miR-B1-3p, and bkv-miR-B1-5p, which target host genes as well as viral early genes. Objectives: To quantify the BKV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and viral DNA (VP1) sequence variation in renal failure patients with an assessment of viral miRNA expression. Materials and Methods: Of the 323 patients admitted to the Dialysis Unit at Al-Hussein Medical City in Karbala with renal failure, 114 chose to participate in the study. The included individuals were 73 males and 41 females. Urine and blood samples (41, 73, respectively) were collected, extracted, purified, and assayed by a real-time PCR-based Taq Man target VPI gene to determine genotype. The assessment of the miRNA assay was done by real-time PCR-based SYBR green. Results: The samples revealed that 21 (18%) samples with BK virus DNA. The positive result was male 12 out of 73 (16.4%) with a mean age ± SD of 40.92 ± 13.47 and female 9 out of 41 (22%) with a mean age of 57 ± 18.72, and a statistically significant P value of 0.025. The rate of BKV DNA in males aged 40 was higher than in females aged 57. The BKV genotype 1 was detected in positive results without other genotypes. The BKV DNA viral load median is 2361 (range 17 to 30.002.143) copies/mL. Nested PCR was down to the amplification result after sequencing, alignment, and phylogenetic tree analysis. BKV PP355797 isolate was shown as new genetic variants related to gene bank BKV in different countries at total genetic changes (0.02%–0.01%). positive BKV DNA sample, urine, and blood were analyzed. The results showed the expression of both miRNAs in all positive BKV DNA. The fold change of miRNA compares with a reference gene, bkv-miR-B1-5p, with a median of 3.03 (range 0.32 to 41.77), and bkv-miR-B1-3p with a median of 3.65 (range 0.05 to 12.10). There are no statistical differences between bkv-miR-B1-3p and bkv-miR-B1-5p in expression ( P -value > 0.5 = 0.678). Conclusions: BKV early VP1 sequencing in plasma and urine samples at the beginning of the infection helps identify the strain that is more likely to cause viral nephropathy. BKV miRNAs and BKV DNA levels were found to be correlated in both urine and plasma, suggesting that viral miRNAs may represent the amount of virus and serve as a stable biomarker for miRNA in both clinical and in vitro experiment samples.
Abstract Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have higher levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), and these levels rise as renal function declines. Data on the relationship between OPG and renal function in the general population, however, are scarce. Objective: Our study aims to investigate the role of OPG rs3102735 and rs2073617 gene polymorphism in chronic kidney disease in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 42 patients with chronic kidney disease, and 35 healthy as a controls group. Patients were diagnosed clinically by the specialized physician and computed tomography (CT) scan, in addition to use laboratory examination for urea and creatinine. The genotyping was carried out by using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. Results: The GG, GA, and AA genotypes frequencies of rs2073617 were 19.05%, 50.0% and 30.95%, respectively, in the case group, and 25.7%, 61.85%, and 11.42%, respectively, in the control group. The CC, CT, and TT genotypes and C and T distributions of alleles of rs3102735 revealed no changes between the case and control groups that were statistically significant, and their carriers had a low risk of contracting an illness. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that OPG gene polymorphisms may impact CKD susceptibility and raise the likelihood of contracting the disease.
Abstract Background: High blood pressure (BP) poses a significant risk for various severe health conditions, including angina Pectoris, brain stroke, kidney damage, atherosclerosis, and vision impairment. Addressing this issue is crucial in preventing these cardiovascular complications. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from Crataegus azarolus (wild hawthorn fruits) in mitigating cardiovascular damage induced experimentally in male New Zealand rabbits. Understanding the affinity of Cianidanol and Apigenin to antagonist angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors or inhibitors to peptidyl-dipeptidase A, kininase II, EC. 3.4. 15.1 receptor is leading to identified new compound suitable for controlling hypertension and aiding in regulating many cardiovascular problems. Materials and Methods: The current study was designated to check drug docking study, and use the program to understand the ability of active compounds from (wild hawthorn fruits) to inhibit or block ACE. The in vivo study was done by following. The albino male rabbits (24) were distributed at random and divided into four equal groups. The initial group represents the placebo group (negative control group), the next second group received intravenous phenylephrine to generation defect hypertension along with hyperlipidemic dietary habits, the third group received hawthorn extract, while the fourth group administered captopril treatment. Over the period of 5 weeks, the investigators evaluated lipid profile alterations, and antioxidant activity. Results: Molecular docking results showed there is a good affinity between binding affinity Cianidanol and Apigenin to antagonist ACE receptor as compared with captopril suggesting a potent inhibitory of ACE R than captopril. The in vivo study confirmed a significant elevation in rabbits’ serum superoxide dismutase and catalase and a reduction in malondialdehyde levels with wild hawthorn administration. Additionally, the hawthorn extract results in accelerate reduce lipid profiles from the side and increased high-density lipoproteins. Herein, treatment results in a clear reduction of nitric oxide levels from the side and lowered serum troponin I, as well as superior to Captopril in some aspects. Conclusion: The program study drug docking, confirmed acceptable data to explain the efficacy of the main active compound from extract C. azarolus to affinity and block ACE R, as well as support this study by in vivo data from lipid profile as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers.
Abstract The plant secondary metabolites play an important role in the treatment of various diseases. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phlobatannins, steroids, and tannins have potential cytotoxic effects; hence they are considered as promising anti-cancer agents. The first step toward using plant materials for medical use is the assessment of their possible cytotoxic effects. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Anthurium andraeanum leaf extract on normal and cancer cell lines. Ethanol extraction of the plant was dried and prepared for cell treatment. In general, this plant showed low cytotoxicity against normal and cancer cells. Alcoholic leaves extract of A. andraeanum showed significant cytotoxic effects on vero, lung, and colon cancer cell lines at higher concentrations above (125 µg/mL) with a P value of ( P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.001) respectively. According to our results, plant extract appears to have no cytotoxic effects at lower concentrations; thus, it may be safe for medical uses, and at high concentrations, it showed cytotoxic effects on cell lines tested.
Abstract Background: One of the vital mechanisms used by cells to mitigate oxidative damage is the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, such as butyrylcholinesterase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin–peroxiredoxin. Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the modification of the impacts of oxidative stress through the CAT gene polymorphism (CAT −89A>T) in automotive technicians. Materials and Methods: By using the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique, the age of the study groups was 33.30 ± 11.1 and 23.12 ± 2.3 years for workers and the control group, respectively, and the duration of work was 7.7 ± 4.9 years. Results: The SSCP electrophoresis produced three types of haplotypes (2H, 3H, and 4H) with a significant association with automotive technicians ( χ 2 = 11.71, P = 0.002), the oxidative stress state represented by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant (TAO) concentration; nonsignificant difference between study groups in ROS ( t = 0.446, P = 0.657) and a significant TAO elevation in workers ( t = 3.93, P = 0.000). The ROS concentration in the study groups according to (CAT −89A>T) haplotypes showed no significant differences among haplotypes ( f = 0.502, P = 0.734). Significant association of haplotypes and TAO concentrations; 2H and 4H have high level than other haplotypes ( P = 0.000). Conclusion: This study’s results concluded that significant association of (CAT −89A>T) with automotive technicians, a significant elevation in TAO in workers, and a significant association of promoter polymorphisms with TAO in workers.
Abstract Background: This study was carried out at the College of Medicine Al-Qadisiyah University in collaboration with the Women’s and Children’s in Wasit Hospital from the period of January to October 2022. It was done on one hundred two blood samples from aborted women and congenital anomalies and 50 blood samples from pregnant women as a control group. Objective: The objective was to determine the effect of toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR2 ) and interferon-gamma ( INF-γ ) gene polymorphism on seropositive toxoplasmosis in aborted women. Materials and Methods: TLR2 and INF-γ gene polymorphism on aborted women were the focus of the study, which used allele primers, amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction to detect the variations, and used to evaluate the genotypes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results: TLR2 gene polymorphism (rs4696480) and IFN-γ gene polymorphism (rs2430561) in Toxoplasma-aborted women revealed that homozygote mutant AA appeared in 20 and heterozygote mutant TA appeared in 53, both of which were risk factors for abortion in TLR2 , whereas IFN-γ revealed that the homozygous mutant AA appeared at 24 and the heterozygote mutant TA appeared at 30, respectively, these risk factors for abortion were more prevalent in the patients group and the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.072 and P = 0.338). Conclusion: According to the findings of the current study, IFN- γ SNP, which frequently connected with women who had abortions rather than those who were pregnant, and TLR-2 SNP, played a risk factor role in toxoplasma patients.
