This descriptive study was conducted to identify the occupational risks and coping mechanisms of seafarers. The respondents of the study were 85 seafarers chosen using convenience sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire, which has undergone validity and reliability testing was used to gather the data. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were utilized to analyze the data. Results showed that seafarers were found to be subjected to numerous occupational risks, with work-related stress and exposure to dangerous working conditions as the most significant threat. Seafarers reported high involvement in a range of coping methods including communication with family and friends, time management, physical fitness, camaraderie building, and hobbies/leisure activities. To summarize, seafarers are under a lot of stress related to work and work in unsafe conditions. Therefore, it is very important to introduce better welfare programs for seafarers that meet their individual needs and improve their well-being.
Vocational sea transportation programs continue to treat communicative competence as a matter of vocabulary accuracy and phraseology recall, an approach that leaves cadets unprepared for the interpretive demands of multinational crew environments. This study investigates how multiliteracy pedagogy shapes critical literacy development among cadets training for sea transportation communication in English. Using a qualitative design, the research draws on data from 72 cadets across Amanjaya Maritime Institute, Djadayat Maritime Institute, and Malahayati Sea Transportation Institute, applying thematic analysis, cross-group comparison, and narrative synthesis to interpret cadet and instructor perspectives. Findings show that authentic materials, task-based activities, and critical analysis exercises jointly produce literacy gains that conventional instruction does not reach, particularly in cadets' capacity to question institutional authority embedded in communication protocols and to adapt register across cultural contexts. The study identifies empowerment of professionalism as the central outcome, positioning multiliteracy pedagogy as a mechanism for workforce readiness rather than a supplementary language exercise. The research contributes a contextually grounded account of multiliteracy pedagogy within Indonesian maritime vocational education and offers a basis for curriculum reform across comparable institutions.
Green human resource management has grown into a large literature, and its distribution across industry sectors has not been measured. This paper establishes that distribution and synthesises what the maritime portion of it contains. A corpus of 3,887 journal articles was assembled from OpenAlex and screened, and eight industry sectors were measured with symmetrical term lists. Maritime and logistics operations rank 8th of eight at 0.93% of the field, against 10.96% for hospitality and tourism, a 11.8-fold difference. Two further findings follow. The field as a whole engages recruitment channels in 0.57% of its output and employer branding in 1.29%, although green recruitment is one of its core constructs. Within the maritime evidence base, 13 studies were identified, of which all but one date from 2024 onward. Those studies share no common outcome variable, rely almost entirely on cross-sectional variance models, sample seafarers in only two cases, and disagree on which green human resource management dimension carries the strongest effect. No study of recruitment channels or employer branding appears in the maritime subset, and the paper sets out why that count is uninformative about sector-level neglect at this subset size. The contribution is a measured denominator for a field that has been described only in aggregate, and the first synthesis of its maritime component.
Trim optimization is widely promoted as a low-cost lever for reducing ship fuel consumption, yet most estimates of its benefit come from calm-water simulations or empirical models, leaving open whether the effect survives where sea state, wind and speed vary jointly with trim. This study analyzes 139 voyages of a Ro-Ro/Container vessel on a fixed interisland route (Puerto del Rosario–Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands), combining loading-computer hydrostatics, flow-meter fuel records, AIS-derived speed and course, and hourly sea-state observations. A naive comparison across trim bins reproduces the ≈4% saving commonly cited for moderate stern trim, but the difference is not significant (Welch t-test, p=0.80) and is no longer identifiable once significant wave height (Hs) and speed over ground are controlled for (p>0.7 in every specification). Over the interquartile trim range these operations explore, the 95% confidence interval for the trim effect spans −1.4% to +1.7% of specific consumption, excluding savings of the magnitude reported under controlled conditions. Trim is itself confounded with sea state: bow-down voyages occur, on average, in significantly higher sea states than moderate stern-trim voyages (p=0.009). Added resistance from wave height is significant in head seas (p<0.001) but indistinguishable from zero in beam seas (p=0.42). For this vessel and route, trim adjustments within the range routinely used are therefore secondary to weather-driven resistance, while the wider envelope simulated under controlled conditions remains beyond the resolution of operational data, with direct implications for how trim optimization tools are calibrated and how their recommendations are presented onboard.
Maritime emergency coordination places shore-based controllers under acute cognitive demand: they must convert fragmentary alerts into coordinated responses under time pressure and incomplete information. While maritime safety research has extensively analysed the causes of accidents, comparatively little has addressed the decision support available at the coordination centre where the response is managed. This paper develops an operational reading of accident data for the Spanish Search and Rescue (SAR) region.Using 276 accidents investigated by the Spanish Commission for the Investigation of Maritime Accidents and Incidents (CIAIM, 2008–2017), together with the official activity statistics and staffing structure of the Spanish Maritime Safety and Rescue Agency (Salvamento Marítimo), it proposes a Coordination Demand Index (CDI): a transparent composite that maps the observable characteristics of an incident to an estimate of the coordination effort it is likely to require. Index weights are anchored in a permutation-importance analysis, which confirms that compliance with the minimum safe-manning requirement is the dominant variable and that visibility is effectively noninformative for this region. The CDI is defined in two states — a priori, from data available at the first alert (using the type-conditioned base rate of undermanning), and updated as the emergency reveals the actual manning status — mirroring decisionmaking under incomplete information. Recurrent accident archetypes are mapped onto a three-tier screen-triage scheme, and a workload model shows that the average percontroller load is low; coordination demand arises instead from incident complexity and from its concentration in a few centres and in the long night shift. Presented as a transparent, operationally grounded proposal — robust to its weighting choices, with prospective validation against measured coordination demand set out as the next step — the instruments are offered as complementary aids to the controller's judgement, not as substitutes for it.
This study forecasts export and import values across four sectors of Oman’s blue economy, fisheries and seafood processing, coastal and maritime tourism, maritime freight transport, and port services and logistics, using UNCTADstat trade data from 2005 to 2024. Two forecasting approaches, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Bayesian structural time series (BSTS), are compared against each other, against a simple equal-weight combination of both, and against two standard small-sample benchmarks, a random walk with drift and exponential smoothing (ETS), with accuracy measured throughout by genuine out-of-sample rolling-origin backtesting. Structural-break dummies for the COVID-19 disruption and the 2023 to 2024 Red Sea shipping crisis are entered as regressors where theaffected sector and years overlap, and the fisheries sector is additionally cross-checked against raw UN Comtrade goods trade (HS codes 03 and 16), which runs on average 15 per cent below UNCTADstat’s own ocean-adjusted figure, a gap attributable to UNCTAD’s own coefficient adjustment for ocean-based activity. That same Comtrade data extends back to 2000, twelve years before UNCTADstat’s own fisheries table, and a robustness check on this longer series confirms the fisheries sector’s preferred method with five times as many backtest origins as the headline result alone provides. Method preference varies by sector: ARIMA wins one series, BSTS wins two, ETS wins three, and the random walk with drift wins one, with the equal-weight combination winning none outright and no method dominating across Oman’s blue economy. A Holm-corrected Diebold-Mariano test was applied to all nine method rankings, the seven headline series plus the two extended fisheries checks, comparing each winner against its runner-up. None of the nine rankings reached statistical significance. A short annual backtest therefore offers limited power to distinguish between competing forecasting methods.
This study explores the use of activated carbon derived from marine source seashells and date syrup for effective of micropollutant treatment (acetaminophen, Potassium chromate) aligning with environmental compliance and green shipping initiatives. The produced activated carbon (micro, meso and macro pore) exhibited a high surface area of 850 m²/g and adsorption capacity of 150 mg/g for heavy metal chromium, demonstrating excellent pollutant removal efficiency. Batch adsorption tests revealed optimal performance at pH 6 with a contact time of 120 minutes and the maximum yield of 73.5% for Acetaminophen micro pollutant and 68.75% potassium chromate for HTL. The material showed strong reusability, maintaining 74% efficiency after five cycles. Integration of this sustainable adsorbent supports cleaner maritime operations by reducing toxic discharge into marine environments. Its local availability and cost-effectiveness enhance feasibility for widespread adoption in shipping wastewater management.
Introduction: The psychological effects of piracy on seafarers are profound and multifaceted, leading to significant mental health challenges, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and anxiety. Understanding the predictors of recovery among affected seafarers is crucial for developing effective mental health interventions. This study aims to explore the relationships between age, years at sea, PTSD symptoms, anxiety scores, and recovery outcomes in a sample of seafarers exposed to piracy incidents. Methodology: A quantitative research design was employed, involving a survey of 50 seafarers who reported their psychological experiences and recovery mechanisms post-piracy. Data collected included demographic information, psychological indicators (PTSD symptoms and anxiety scores), and recovery scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of recovery while controlling for relevant variables. Analysis: The regression analysis revealed significant relationships between the predictors and recovery outcomes. Age and years at sea positively correlated with recovery scores, indicating that older and more experienced seafarers tend to recover better. Conversely, higher PTSD symptoms and anxiety scores were associated with lower recovery scores, highlighting the negative impact of these psychological distress factors. The model explained approximately 68% of the variability in recovery scores, suggesting a strong fit. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for targeted mental health interventions that consider the unique challenges faced by seafarers impacted by piracy. Specifically, addressing PTSD and anxiety symptoms is essential for promoting recovery. Additionally, leveraging the resilience associated with age and experience can enhance recovery strategies. Future research should explore additional variables and longitudinal designs to deepen the understanding of recovery processes in this vulnerable population.
This study investigated the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies among residents of coastal communities in Iloilo's 4th District, Philippines. Using a descriptive-correlational research design and convenience sampling, 152 household heads were surveyed in Leganes, Dumangas, Barotac Nuevo, Anilao, and Banate. Data was collected on respondent profiles, climate change impacts, and adaptation practices. Findings revealed a moderate overall impact of climate change across physical, social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Energy consumption patterns have shifted due to rising temperatures, leading to increased electricity use. Fisheries productivity has significantly declined, impacting food security and livelihoods. The findings of the study further revealed that identified coastal areas occasionally practiced adaptation strategies in terms of waste management, cleanliness, responsible fishing, education, and infrastructure. Physical, social, economic, and environmental impact of climate change is significantly related to waste management, cleanliness, and responsible. Education is significantly related to the physical impact, social and environmental impact while there is no significant relationship between education and economic impact. Significant relationships exist between infrastructure and physical, economic and environmental impact while infrastructure is not significantly related to social impact. It is recommended to strengthen existing adaptation practices, invest in infrastructure development, promote sustainable waste management practices and enhance education and awareness.
This research aims to analyze the influence of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) on students' habits in writing academic papers. In the current digital era, the use of AI is increasingly widespread in various fields, including education. With various AI applications available, students can now utilize this technology to help in preparing papers, from ideas, and searching for references, to writing content. However, the question arises as to whether artificial intelligence is making students more lazy about writing papers independently. This research raises an important issue regarding whether AI plays a role in increasing efficiency or reducing the quality of students' writing skills. In this context, the author focuses on the influence of AI on the process of writing papers and how this technology changes students' mindsets in facing academic assignments. Along with the development of AI-based applications such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and various other tools, students are increasingly relying on technology to complete assignments, but are also faced with the challenge of maintaining their ability to write independently and think critically. Using qualitative methods, this research explores the experiences of students from various disciplines who use AI to compose their papers. In-depth interviews were conducted to understand students' perceptions regarding the impact of AI on their motivation, creativity, and the quality of their academic writing. This research aims to provide insight into how students can make wise use of AI to support their learning process, without sacrificing writing skills that are essential in higher education. The research results show that there are two different sides to the use of AI: while some students feel that AI helps speed up the writing process, improve the quality of their writing, and provide fresher ideas, others express concerns that reliance on AI causes a decrease in the quality of their writing skills. This research also identifies factors that influence how students use AI, such as level of motivation, mastery of material, and understanding of the goals of education itself. Therefore, this research suggests the need for a more balanced and targeted approach to the use of AI in education.
Coastal fishing boats play a vital role in the marine fishing sector in Bangladesh. However, they encounter many challenges such as safety and stability concerns, limited facilities, and a lack of technologies. The objective of the study is to investigate the current condition of the coastal fishing boats in Bangladesh, focusing on Alipur, Mahipur of Patuakhali, and Fishery Ghat in Chittagong and recommend some proposals for improvement. A structured survey was conducted to collect primary data from those locations. The study identified several major problems including structural limitations of the boats, frequent adverse weather, high fuel expenses, and inadequate facilities and technologies. Considering the challenges, structural modifications of the fishing boats are proposed as recommendations. Besides this use of new engines, and the use of modern technologies (VHF transceiver, fish finder) are suggested as strategies to mitigate these challenges. Modernization programs with low-interest loans, streamlined licensing, enhanced communication systems, and insurance plans are also highlighted in the policy recommendations. The significance of the study is to promote sustainable fishing practices and assist industry stakeholders and policymakers in improving the present status.
Abstract Inclusive education has gained immense attention globally; however, its implementation in the specialized fields of marine education remains unexplored. Faculty attitudes determine whether inclusive practices will make it or not. This study investigates faculty attitudes toward inclusive education at Aqaba Marine College, focusing on the influence of institutional support, training, and personal experiences. Using a mixed-method approach, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and descriptive analysis were employed to analyze data collected from 90 faculty members through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis revealed positive perceptions of institutional awareness campaigns (Mean = 4.15, SD = 0.80) and physical infrastructure support (Mean = 3.95, SD = 0.75), while gaps were observed in faculty involvement in policy-making (Mean = 3.00, SD = 1.15) and financial resource allocation (Mean = 3.10, SD = 1.10). Training programs were perceived as beneficial (Mean = 4.10, SD = 0.85), though faculty noted a lack of alignment with specific teaching contexts (Mean = 3.25, SD = 1.05). The PLS-SEM analysis revealed significant positive relationships between institutional support (β = 0.45, p < 0.001) and attitudes toward inclusion, as well as training and professional development (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Personal experiences moderately influenced attitudes (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). The model explained 52% of the variance in attitudes, indicating a moderate explanatory power. These findings underscore the importance of targeted professional development, inclusive policy-making, and resource allocation in fostering inclusive education. The study offers actionable insights for educational policymakers and administrators aiming to enhance inclusivity in vocational education settings.
ABSTRACT Energy security and the transition to renewable energy are strategic issues in global energy policy, especially for developing countries that still face the challenge of dependence on fossil energy. Indonesia, as one of the countries with high primary energy consumption, has set a target of 23% renewable energy mix by 2025. However, the achievement is still far from the set target, indicating structural barriers in the energy transition. One of the key determinants in the energy transition is the Energy Security Index and primary energy consumption, which may have implications for the share of renewable energy in the national energy mix. Although various studies have explored the relationship between energy security and sustainable energy mix, empirical studies that comprehensively analyse the impact of Energy Security Index and primary energy consumption on the share of renewable energy in Indonesia are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between the Energy Security Index, primary energy consumption, and the share of renewable energy and evaluate the extent to which the two independent variables affect the energy transition in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Robust Least Squares method to produce more accurate parameter estimates. The results show that the Energy Security Index has a positive and significant effect on the share of renewable energy, with a coefficient of 1.570 (0.0000 <0.05), indicating that increased energy security contributes to the acceleration of the renewable energy transition. In contrast, primary energy consumption shows a negative impact on the share of renewable energy, with a coefficient of -3.802 (0.0433 < 0.05), indicating that dependence on fossil energy hinders the increase in the share of clean energy. In addition, the F-test shows that the Energy Security Index and primary energy consumption simultaneously have a significant influence on the share of renewable energy (0.0000 < 0.05), with a coefficient of determination R² of 89.36%, indicating that the model used is able to explain most of the variability in the share of renewable energy. This finding confirms that improving energy security through energy source diversification and energy efficiency are key factors in accelerating the energy transition. The government needs to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and accelerate incentives for renewable energy so that the renewable energy mix target can be achieved.
The article deals with the problems of monitoring stress level in merchant seafarers using modern methods based on cortisol level measurement. The authors analyze the relationship between increased stress level and safety of navigation, highlighting cortisol as an important biomarker of stress. Data from studies conducted aboard two ships where the increase in cortisol levels in captains and their mates over a six-week period of employment was analyzed are presented. The results showed a significant increase in cortisol levels, indicating high stresses on the crew and potential risks to the safety of shipping. The paper proposes technological solutions for stress monitoring based on wearable biosensor devices that can be integrated into the crew management system for timely adjustment of working conditions and risk reduction. Special attention is paid to the interdisciplinary approach to stress management including psychophysiological, environmental and social factors
Spherical trigonometry has been the foundation of maritime navigation for centuries, allowing sailors to determine their position, plan efficient routes, and navigate safely across the globe. This paper examines the critical role of spherical trigonometry for maritime activity, including its uses in celestial navigation, great circle route planning, dead reckoning, and modern electronic navigation systems. Solving spherical triangles enables accurate determination of positions, bearings, and distances on the curved surface of the Earth. It further points out how algorithms within Global Positioning Systems and other geodetic calculations rely on spherical trigonometry. These achievements notwithstanding, fundamentals of spherical trigonometry can never be washed away from gaining an understanding for verification of navigating data. From this study also, it establishes the fact on the importance and relevance of this subject in today's maritime safe and efficient passage
This research aims to empirically prove that the transportation and logistics systems outlined in government policies need to collaborate. This is motivated by infrastructure disparities, high costs, accidents, congestion, and pollution. 310 survey responses from infrastructure providers, government, and service users were analyzed using structural equation modeling. A Structural Equation Modeling approach with Jamovi software was used. The results indicate the need to prioritize stakeholder collaboration in transportation and logistics. The integration of these systems is crucial in shaping a comprehensive transportation system policy. By promoting collaboration and implementing appropriate policies, Indonesia can achieve a more integrated transportation and logistics system, improving operational efficiency, national competitiveness, public services, policy effectiveness, and environmental sustainability.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduced the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) to mitigate CO₂ emissions from the shipping industry. As this regulation applies to all sea-going vessels exceeding 400 Gross Tonnes and is becoming increasingly stringent, the demand for cost-effective and alternative propulsion solutions is rising. While renewable energy presents a promising option for reducing CO₂ emissions, its economic viability compared to fossil fuels remains a challenge. This study evaluates various wind-assisted propulsion systems (WAPS) based on performance and cost-effectiveness, identifying the most suitable option for small vessels operating in the Bay of Bengal. A mathematical model has been employed to assess net power output, revealing that the Flettner rotor is the most efficient and economical choice. Additionally, an analysis of optimal true wind angles and rotor rotational speeds has been conducted to determine the best operating conditions under local environmental factors. The findings indicate that increasing rotor speed enhances energy savings; however, beyond a certain threshold, the gains become marginal.
The iconic Kuala Terengganu Drawbridge (KTD), completed in 2019, introduced restrictions and additional costs for certain sizes of vessels entering the Terengganu River estuary. This study aims to identify and propose possible solutions for vessels affected by the structural limitations of the KTD. The methodology employed in this research involved several steps. First, Ship AIS data for the Terengganu River mouth area was collected for periods before and after the completion of the KTD. From this data, the air drafts of vessels were determined to identify those potentially impacted by the drawbridge's vertical clearance. The study also investigated the methods adopted by operators of vessels with air drafts exceeding 12 meters to continue operating in the Terengganu River estuary following the completion of the bridge. In addition, a literature review was conducted to examine drawbridge operation practices in other countries. The findings show that fewer vessels entered the Terengganu estuary in 2021 compared to 2018, with a notable reduction in the maximum vessel size. Furthermore, no sailing vessels were recorded entering the waters around Duyong Island in 2021, whereas such activity was observed in 2018. A review of drawbridge practices in the United States revealed that state authorities typically implement a combination of fixed schedules and on-demand openings, with waterway users generally given the right of way over land-based vehicle traffic.
This descriptive study aimed at assessing the career aspirations among teacher education and maritime students at the University of Antique, Philippines. The computer-processed statistics were frequency, percentage, means, and standard deviation for descriptive analysis, the t-test, and One-Way ANOVA for inferential analysis. Alpha level was set at .05. The study found that students' career aspirations were generally moderate. The students had shared the five highest career aspirations: achieving in their career is very important to them, being one of the best in their filed is important to them, becoming a leader in their job is very important to them, attaining leadership status in their career is important to them, and they want their work to have a lasting impact on their field. On the other hand, they also shared the five lowest career aspirations: planning to rise to the top leadership position of their organization or business, managing other employees when they are established in their career, becoming a leader in their career field, knowing that they will be recognized for their accomplishments in their field, and hoping to move up to a leadership position in their organization or business. A significant difference existed in the career aspirations among teacher education and maritime students when classified by age. However, no significant difference existed in the career aspirations among teacher education and maritime students when classified by college, gender, place of birth, and location. Therefore, one important implication that should be considered is bridging the gap between different age groups of students in their career aspirations through workshops and interventions targeted at students in general. They are to be exposed to a wide range of resources that relate to careers.
This study evaluated the effectiveness and preferences of teaching strategies in maritime education by identifying and analyzing key criteria using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. Through a mixed-methods approach, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the relative importance of criteria such as Learning Objectives, Learner Characteristics, Content Characteristics, and Technological Resources. Results revealed that Learning Objectives ranked as the highest-weighted criterion, with Skill Development, Critical Thinking, and Knowledge Acquisition emerging as the most important sub-criteria. Additionally, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank preferred teaching strategies. Practical Training was found to be the most preferred strategy, followed by Simulation and Case Studies, while Lecture received the lowest rank. These findings suggest a growing emphasis on experiential, competency-based, and student-centered approaches in maritime instruction.
