This study investigated the effects of gaseous ozone treatments at different concentrations and exposure times on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of beef (Musculus longissimus lumborum) during cold storage. Beef loin samples were divided into control and treatment groups, with ozone applied at 0.5-0.6 ppm for 10 or 20 minutes. Quality parameters, including pH, water activity, color (L*, a*, b*), lipid oxidation (TBARs), and microbial counts, were measured immediately after treatment and on days 7 and 14 of storage. Ozone treatment significantly reduced microbial loads, particularly mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and Enterobacterales, and maintained microbial counts at acceptable levels throughout storage. Although ozone exposure increased lipid oxidation, pH and water activity values remained within normal ranges, and color changes were moderate. These findings highlight ozone as a promising non-thermal preservation technology that can improve microbial safety and extend the shelf life of beef without leaving chemical residues.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most important endocrine disrupting chemicals. Epoxy resins and polycarbonates are frequently manufactured using this compound. Enzyme histochemical techniques not only can be used to evaluate the general status of the immune system but also are used to determine the functional situation of the lymphocytes. Immunocompetent T-lymphocytes in certain animal species are characterized by the presence of ANAE (Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase). The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of BPA on the proportions of ANAE positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in rats. A total of 40 rats were used. Forty animals were randomly assigned to five experimental groups (n = 8 per group): control, vehicle-control, BPA-5, BPA-50, and BPA-500. The BPA- 5, BPA-50 and BPA-500 groups were given 5, 50, and 500 ?g/kg body weights/day, respectively. At the end of the 8 weeks, peripheral blood samples were obtained from the rats and blood smears were prepared for ANAE demonstration. On each smear, two-hundred lymphocytes were counted for the determining of the percentages of ANAE-positive lymphocyte percentages. The proportions of ANAE positivity were found as 43.37%, 36.50%, 32.62%, 31.37% and 30.75% respectively. It was determined that the differences of the proportions of ANAE positive PBL between the groups were statistically important (p<0.01). It was concluded that BPA had immunotoxic and/or immunosuppressive effect of PBL, and it might cause functional failure of lymphocytes affecting their enzymatic activity.
Aquatic species are important sources of high-quality protein and contribute significantly to global food security and national economies. In Tiirkiye, the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) accounts for approximately 37% of marine aquaculture production and is widely cultured in coastal farming systems. However, diseases and environmental stressors remain major constraints that can significantly limit production in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) aquaculture. Among these factors, water quality management is one of the most critical parameters affecting fish health and farm productivity. Physical approaches, such as filtration systems and ultraviolet (UV) treatment, are commonly used to maintain water quality; chemical disinfectants, such as ozone and chlorine, are also commonly used as essential complementary strategies. Nevertheless, these agents may be ineffective and can cause undesirable pathological effects in fish.Before the experiment, the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) of Chlorine dioxide for European seabass was determined experimentally to be 1.33 mg/L. Based on this value, the present study aimed to evaluate the pathological effects of Chlorine dioxide at different concentrations (0.375, 0.750, 1.125, 1.5, 1.875, and 2.25 mg/L) in various tissues and organs (skin, gills, liver, heart, kidneys, and intestines) of 9-19-month-old European seabass. Fish were exposed to Chlorine dioxide for 7 days under semi-static conditions, with daily renewal of the disinfectant solution. In addition, oxidative stress and apoptosis-related biomarkers were evaluated in liver tissue. Macroscopically, haemorrhages were observed in the gills and liver. Histopathological examinations revealed dose-related pathological alterations, including degeneration, necrosis, and epithelial sloughing in the gills; hepatocyte swelling, vacuolization, and necrosis in the liver; and oedema in the brain. Histopathological changes were scored as 0 in the control group, and scores from 1 to 4 were assigned based on lesion severity. Scoring results for gill and liver tissues indicated that high-dose groups (1.5, 1.875, and 2.25 mg/L) had significantly higher lesion scores compared with the low-dose groups (0.375, 0.75, and 1.125 mg/L), demonstrating a significant increase in tissue damage with increasing dose (p < 0.001, n = 10 per group). ELISA analyses of oxidative stress and apoptosis biomarkers (Caspase-3 (pmol/L), Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (pmol/L), Cytochrome-C (pmol/L), Apo-1/ Fas (pmol/L), Malondialdehyde (pmol/L), and P53/Tumour Protein P53 (pmol/L) showed no significant induction of oxidative stress or apoptotic responses in liver tissue following Chlorine dioxide exposure. In several cases, biomarker levels were significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating a suppression or reduction relative to baseline levels rather than activation of these pathways. In conclusion, Chlorine dioxide may be used as a disinfectant in marine aquaculture for European seabass at concentrations between 0.750 and 1.125 mg/L for short-term applications. Under the experimental conditions of this study, these concentrations did not induce significant oxidative stress or apoptosis, although dose-dependent histopathological alterations were observed at higher exposure levels.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS), an active compound of garlic, on certain serum biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in colon cancer induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups: Control, AOM, DADS, AOM+DADS and corn oil. AOMtreated groups received 15 mg/kg sc AOM injections (twice at one-week intervals), while DADS-treated groups received 50 mg/kg DADS via gavage 5 days a week at the end of the 15th week. The corn oil group received 1 ml/kg corn oil via gavage 5 days a week (for 3 weeks) at the end of the 15th week of the study. Total protein and albumin (p<0.05) levels were higher in the DADS group than in the AOM group. ALP activity decreased in the DADS and AOM+DADS groups; whereas, ALT activity increased in the AOM group (p<0.05). Additionally, cholesterol and HDL levels lowered in the AOM and AOM+DADS groups (p<0.05). ROS concentration was significantly higher in the AOM group compared to the other groups (p<0.05), while GPx levels were low. Serum magnesium concentration was lower in the AOM+DADS group compared to the control group (p<0.05) and this decrease was accompanied by urea levels in both the AOM+DADS and DADS groups (p<0.05). Compared to the control group, iron levels were high in the DADS group, while chloride levels were high in the DADS, AOM+DADS and corn oil groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the decreases in serum cholesterol and HDL levels, particularly in the AOM group, supported the notion that these parameters could be important cancer biomarkers in cancer cases. Furthermore, the changes in chloride and iron levels across groups were striking and it was concluded that many biochemical parameters could be identified as new biomarkers in colon cancer through investigation of the therapeutic efficacy of DADS.
This study provides the first metagenomic characterisation of Kastamonu pastrami, a traditional Turkish dry-cured meat, and compares its microbial diversity with industrially produced alternatives. The findings are evaluated regarding product quality, fermentation characteristics, and food safety. We analyzed 15 sırt pastrami samples (M. longissimus thoracis) from traditional producers A?D (n=12) and industrial producer E (n=3). The 16S rRNA V3?V4 region was sequenced on Illumina MiSeq and processed with standard quality-filtering/denoising and taxonomyassignment workflow. Diversity metrics included alpha diversity (Shannon) and beta structure (PCoA, hierarchical clustering); group differences were evaluated with multiple-comparison procedures. Traditional products (A?D) showed higher alpha diversity overall than the industrial group (E) (p<0.05). Shannon values were highest in A and C with medians around ~2.10 and ~2.06 respectively; B was intermediate (~1.88?1.90); D and E were lowest (~1,71 and ~1.65 respectively). Community composition reflected these patterns; traditional samples contained producerspecific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia?Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Weissella, and Leuconostoc?while A and C also harbored hygiene/spoilage-associated genera (e.e., Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Psychrobacter, Bacteroides, and Photobacterium). The industrial group (E) exhibited low diversity with Lactobacillus dominance (~80% relative abundance) and minimal non-LAB representation, consistent with controlled fermentation and sanitation. Findings indicate a diversity?safety trade off: traditional processing preserves microbial richness and typicity but may elevate contamination risk without robust GMP/HACCP, whereas industrial processing enhances microbiological safety at the expense of diversity. These results provide a practical basis for targeted hygiene interventions that improve safety while preserving the distinctive character of traditional pastrami.
Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug in the fluoroquinolone class that is classified as category C during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the effects of levofloxacin administration on embryos at different developmental stages. It examined 420 fertile chicken eggs, divided into two main groups-levofloxacin treatment on days 7 and 14-each containing seven subgroups (n = 30 each): negative control (no treatment), positive control (treated with saline), and five levofloxacin doses (5000, 2500, 1250, 625, and 312.5 & micro;g/kg). On day 21, all eggs were hatched, the live-dead ratio was determined, and liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological analysis. Administering levofloxacin to embryos at 7 and 14 days of incubation had no lethal effect at doses up to 5000 & micro;g/kg (p>0.05). Histopathological evaluations revealed no significant or clinically meaningful histopathological toxicity was observed of levofloxacin on liver and kidney development (p>0.05). In conclusion, when administered directly, levofloxacin does not have adverse effects on embryos at different developmental stages.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of a butterfly-shaped external fixation technique applied using a closed approach for the stabilization of traumatic carpal and tarsal joint instability in cats and dogs. This study included 39 patients (29 cats and 10 dogs) presented with acute lameness to the Surgical Clinic of Istanbul University?Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed carpal or tarsal joint instability associated with luxation and ligament injuries. Joint stabilization was achieved without opening the joint by applying a linear type II external skeletal fixation system using Kirschner wires connected with thermoplastic material. The butterfly-shaped configuration was designed to provide temporary joint stabilization and promote periarticular fibrosis rather than osseous fusion. Postoperative clinical examinations and stress radiography were performed at the 4th and 8th postoperative weeks. Successful joint stabilization was achieved in 97% of the cases by the 8th postoperative week. Most complications were minor and included pin tract infection, skin irritation, and occasional pin breakage. External fixation materials were removed at the 12th postoperative week in the majority of patients without any adverse effects or recurrence of instability. The butterfly-shaped external fixation technique applied via a closed approach is a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and well-tolerated alternative to arthrodesis for the treatment of carpal and tarsal joint instability in cats and dogs. Temporary immobilization for 8?12 weeks was sufficient to restore joint stability with a low complication rate.
As one of the largest secondary lymphoid organs, the spleen, besides having a key role in filtering the blood, supporting the lymphocyte differentiation as well as maintaining immune system control, is the centre of haematopoiesis during the fetal period. Such essential cellular processes as cell maintenance, cell division and communication between cells are regulated by intermediate filaments. Among these filaments, vimentin and desmin play an important role in keeping mechanical strength and giving support to the cellular differentiation processes. Therefore, the presented study aims to find out how immunohistochemical distributions of vimentin and desmin are done in the fetal bovine spleen during gestation periods. In this study, from each gestational period, 10 spleen tissue samples were collected. Before serial sections were prepared and stained immunohistochemically, those spleen tissue samples were processed via basic histological procedures and embedded in paraffin. The study demonstrate that vimentin and desmin exhibited various levels of staining intensity within splenic cell during gestation. As a result, throughout prenatal development, vimentin and desmin proteins have been seen to have different dynamics with regards to the staining intensity and distribution in the spleen. With this study, it was concluded that proteins from both might have a crucial role in giving contribution to the essential biological processes, like cell proliferation and differentiation, the structural organization of the splenic stroma, blood cell formation, and the regulation of immune responses.
It is generally known that liver size changes in liver diseases. In addition to imaging modalities such as computed tomography, which require anesthesia, radiographic measurements can also be used to measure liver size. The aim of this study was to estimate liver size in healthy cats by radiographic measurement. A total of 60 healthy tabby cats were used in this study. Liver length and T11 vertebra length were measured on right lateral thorax radiographs and LL/T11 ratios were calculated. While 2-sample t test was used for pairwise comparison between groups, ANOVA one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons. Differences between groups were determined by Tukey comparison test. It was determined that gender and neutering status had no effect on LL/T11 ratio in cats of different age groups. However, statistically significant changes were determined in cats under 1 year of age and over 4 years of age. In conclusion, it was determined that radiographic LL/T11 ratio in cats is a usable index without being affected by the parameters evaluated. Therefore, radiography, which is a more practical application in clinics and animal hospitals, can be used for liver measurements as an alternative to measurement methods requiring anesthesia.
The unique properties of chitosan make it stand out as an ideal adjuvant candidate. However, the low solubility of chitosan in non-acidic aqueous media limits its use as an adjuvant. In this study, a method was offered to overcome this limitation, without any structural modifications of chitosan. The proposed method incorporated the preparation of Pickering emulsions via self-aggregation of the chitosan particles. As a model for this preparation, a w/o/w emulsion formulation of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was utilized. Two vaccine formulations, with and without chitosan, were prepared and compared regarding their physicochemical properties. Laboratory animal (guinea pigs) trials were conducted to reveal the immune response in terms of neutralizing antibody levels. The sera were collected from two animal groups and tested for neutralizing antibody levels using a homologous virus neutralization test (VNT). Statistical analyses of the test results were performed at a 5% significance level using Quasi-Least Squares Regression ( QLS). The incorporation of chitosan into the w/o/w vaccine formulation did not compromise the physicochemical properties of the emulsion. Statistical analysis reveals that the presence of chitosan enhances the antibody response. The effect of time and group on the neutralizing antibody titer levels ( NATL) was found to be significant (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that the limitation of the use of chitosan as an adjuvant could be overcome by the Pickering emulsion preparation approach, without a need for further structural modifications. The presence of chitosan in such a vaccine formulation could enhance the immune response.
In this study, the efficacy of four different essential oils; Cymbopogon citratus (CC, Lemongrass), Allium sativum ( AS, Garlic), Leptospermum scoparium (LS, Manuka), and Litsea cubeba (LC) against mite and microsporidian infections was evaluated in hives simultaneously infested with Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. Changes in mite and microsporidian loads were analyzed to determine the biological control potential of these plant-based treatments. Forty-two hives were divided into six groups (four treatment, two control), each consisting of seven hives. Essential oils were applied to the frames four times at weekly intervals using a spray method in the treatment groups. The Nosema load was determined using the digestion method, and the Varroa load was determined using the powdered sugar method. The number of falling mites was calculated using sticky paper placed on the bottom frame of the hive. Nosemosis treatment efficacy was 57.64% (CC), 58.97% (AS), 62.54% ( LS), and 66.55% (LC). For Varroa, efficacy was 77.92%, 77.77%, 75.91%, and 79.42%, respectively. All treatment groups showed significant reductions in mite numbers from day 0 to 28 (p<0.001). Sticky board counts revealed a progressive decline between days 7 and 28 in AS, LS, and LC groups (p<0.001). Nosema spore counts also significantly decreased in all treatment groups ( p<0.001). In this study, essential oils were found to be effective against Varroa infestation. Chemical residues in bee products, especially honey, can be prevented by using plant extracts instead of chemical agents in Varroa infestations.
The aim is to evaluate the extent to which the loss of physiological stability in the patient, due to delays in performing surgery when medical approaches such as catheterization or urohydropulsion are insufficient in the treatment of urolithiasis and/or cystolithiasis in cats, affects the prognosis during or after the surgical procedure. In this study, 92 cases presenting with urolithiasis or cystolithiasis at theSelçuk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal Hospital between years2023 and 2025 were evaluated, including those that required surgical intervention. Thirty-two (34.7%) cats of different breeds, sex, age and weight were used as study materials. Clinical, ultrasonographic and radiological examinations were done. Cystotomy, perineal urethrostomy, transpelvic urethrostomy or both were performedin cases with clinical symptoms. Of the 92 cats with urolithiasis or cystolithiasis,65.2% responded to medical treatment, while 34.79% required surgery due to lackof response, obstruction, rupture, or unchanged stone size. Catheterisation led to rupture in 18.75% of these surgical cases. Surgeries included cystotomy (61.29%),urethrostomy (25.8%), and both (12.9%). The overall prognosis was 93.75 %favourable. It was 100% favourable in cystotomy or urethrostomy alone, but 40%unfavourable in combined procedures. In feline lower urinary tract urolithiasis, stonetype significantly influences the need for surgery. Prolonged medical treatment risksmetabolic imbalance, while repeated catheterisations increase urethral trauma andcomplications. Small uroliths should be managed with non-surgical methods like urohydropropulsion. Standardising the treatment duration is essential, as iatrogenicruptures during catheterisation can worsen prognosis. Early surgical intervention—before metabolic deterioration—improves anaesthetic and postoperative outcomes.
The main objective of the study was to observe the intracranial volume differences between Kangal and Awassi sheep using computerized tomography and Cavalieri principle and to observe the compatibility of the methods used. The intracranial volumes of the craniums of six adult Kangal sheep and six adult Awassi sheep used in the study were calculated using models taken from computerized tomography sections and the Cavalieri principle performed on the models and compared. The findings show that there are significant intracranial differences and high correlation between both sexes. In addition, it has been observed that computed tomography and volume calculations performed with the Cavalieri principle are compatible. The study shows that computed tomography and Cavalieri principle methods are effective tools in morphometric analysis and provide new information about the morphological characteristics of different animal breeds. The results show that these methods can be used as mutually supportive alternatives in future studies and can contribute to the morphological analysis of animal species.
Feline haemoplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (CMhm), Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis, (CMt) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) are frequent causes of chronic and acute diseases in cats. The current study aims to research the presence and genetic variety of Mycoplasma spp. in cats from different parts of Türkiye using molecular methods. In this study, 460 blood samples collected from cats from various parts of Türkiye (Malatya, Istanbul, Denizli, Konya, and Ankara) within the scope of different studies were investigated. Total genomic DNAs were obtained from the samples. The presence and phylogenetic position of feline haemoplasma species of feline hemoplasma species were detected using triplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis of 16S SSU rRNA gene. Seven (1.52%) of 460 cat blood samples were found to be positive by triplex- PCR. CMhm was identified in six (1.30%) samples, whereas CMt was detected in two (0.43%) samples. Only one sample (0.21%) was infected with both CMhm and CMt. Mhf was not identified in the study. In addition, according to the sequence results, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected between both CMt and CMhm isolates. The results of the study revealed that haemoplasma infections are circulating in cats from different parts of Türkiye. It is considered to be very important to perform routine screening and develop effective control and prophylactic strategies to minimize infection.
This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective potential of quercetin (Q) against cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity by evaluating its impact on antioxidant enzyme activities, cytokine profiles, neuronal survival, and histopathological alterations in the hippocampal tissue of rats. Twenty four healthy male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control (C; n = 6), cadmium (Cd; n = 6), quercetin (Q; n = 6), and cadmium + quercetin (Cd+Q; n = 6). CdCl2 was administered subcutaneously at 4 mg/kg/day for three days to the Cd and Cd+Q groups. Simultaneously, quercetin was administered intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg/day to the Q and Cd+Q groups. The hippocampal tissues were collected post-treatment for biochemical, histopathological, and cellular analyses. Cadmium exposure led to oxidative stress, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppressed antioxidant defenses, and neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Quercetin treatment partially mitigated these effects by enhancing antioxidant markers (GSH, SOD), modulating cytokine levels (notably IL-1), and preserving neuronal integrity, particularly in the CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus regions (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that quercetin confers partial neuroprotection against cadmium-induced hippocampal damage through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. While not entirely preventive, quercetin may serve as a supportive therapeutic agent in countering heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity.
The study aimed to reveal the contributions of Professor Dr. Kürşad Turgut, known for his contributions to the scientific world of veterinary internal medicine as well as his academic and administrative responsibilities, by analyzing his scientific and professional journey and to contribute also to the biographical resources of veterinary medicine. The study was based on original documents sourced from Professor Dr. Kürşad Turgut?s personal files at the Selcuk University Rectorate and the archives of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Dean?s Office. Additionally, data were collected from face-to-face interviews with his family, close friends, colleagues, and students, as well as internet news articles from his period. The findings from the document review were organized chronologically through a retrospective evaluation. Born in Malatya in 1958, Turgut graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Fırat University in 1981. He completed his doctorate in 1989, gained the title of associate professor in 1991, and became a full professor in 1996. Throughout his academic career, he conducted scientific research in various countries, including England, the Netherlands, Finland, and Switzerland. Turgut also served as vice-rector and dean. Turgut, who left a lasting legacy for future generations with his scientific studies in the field of veterinary internal medicine, is said that he continues to make significant contributions to the discipline of veterinary internal medicine and to the fields of veterinary gastroenterology and cardiology. It is advisable to research the biographies of influential professionals who have made significant contributions to the field of veterinary medicine.
Chlamydia abortus is an obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacterium and a significant zoonotic agent associated with abortion storms, particularly in small ruminants. Due to its intracellular lifestyle, conventional isolation is limited, necessitating specialized protocols. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an optimized isolation method for C. abortus by comparing the efficacy of three different cell lines: Vero, monolayer BHK-21 (m-BHK-21), and suspended BHK- 21 (s-BHK-21). Samples were collected from PCR-positive materials, including a calf ?s stomach content, sheep vaginal swab, lamb fetal liver, and calf fetal liver. Each sample was inoculated into the three cell lines. Cell cultures were monitored using an inverted microscope equipped with a trinocular imaging system. Stamp staining and conventional PCR were employed for initial and intermediate detection. Final confirmation of C. abortus presence was performed via Stamp staining and quantitative analysis using Real-Time PCR. Bacterial growth was quantified using a cell counter, leveraging the bacterium?s gram-negative staining properties. Isolation was successful across all cell lines using the calf stomach content sample, whereas the remaining samples yielded positive results in only one cell type. Among the tested lines, s-BHK-21 demonstrated superior performance, producing the highest bacterial load (4.7×10? cells/mL). A 94-fold increase in viable cell count was observed from initial inoculation to the final harvest. The s-BHK-21 cell line is recommended as the most effective platform for C. abortus isolation, providing enhanced bacterial yield and reduced processing time. Its application may improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate further research into C. abortus pathogenesis and control strategies.
It is generally known that liver size changes in liver diseases. In addition to imaging modalities such as computed tomography, which require anesthesia, radiographic measurements can also be used to measure liver size. The aim of this study was to estimate liver size in healthy cats by radiographic measurement. A total of 60 healthy tabby cats were used in this study. Liver length and T11 vertebra length were measured on right lateral thorax radiographs and LL/T11 ratios were calculated. While 2-sample t test was used for pairwise comparison between groups, ANOVA one-way analysis of variance was used for multiple comparisons. Differences between groups were determined by Tukey comparison test. It was determined that gender and neutering status had no effect on LL/T11 ratio in cats of different age groups. However, statistically significant changes were determined in cats under 1 year of age and over 4 years of age. In conclusion, it was determined that radiographic LL/T11 ratio in cats is a usable index without being affected by the parameters evaluated. Therefore, radiography, which is a more practical application in clinics and animal hospitals, can be used for liver measurements as an alternative to measurement methods requiring anesthesia.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dermatophytosis in domestic cats with skin lesions in Ankara province and to compare the effectiveness of different culture media for isolation. Skin and hair samples collected from a total of 195 cats were examined. For this purpose, a range of investigative techniques were employed, including direct microscopy, examination with Wood's lamp, cultivation, the slide culture method and the hair perforation technique. A comparative evaluation was conducted to ascertain the suitability of various media for the cultivation of dermatophytes. The prevalence of dermatophytosis was found to be 14.36% (28/ 195). Of the twenty-eight dermatophyte isolates, twenty-six were identified as Microsporum canis and two as Nannizzia gypsea. Moreover yeast and mycelial fungal agents such as Aspergillus spp., Alternaria spp., Bipolaris spp., Curvularia spp., Candida spp., Malassezia spp., Scopulariopsis spp. were isolated and identified. The differential diagnosis of Candida species was conducted through the implementation of gram staining, germ tube tests and Candida Chromogenic Agar passage. The results of these tests enabled the identification of two different species: Candida albicans and Candida krusei. In addition to these results, it has been determined that Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar are more suitable for use in the diagnosis of dermatophytes than other culture media. As a conclusion, this study suggests that further research should be conducted to report on the current epidemiology of dermatophytosis agents, which are important for public health, and to improve the media and techniques used in diagnosis.
Evaluate surgical treatment efficacy for feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS) in the interscapular region by assessing complications, local recurrence, and long- term clinical and questionnaire findings. Forty- three cats with interscapular swelling and confirmed FISS were included. Surgery indication followed the 3-2-1 rule (mass >= 3 months, size >= 2 cm, growth within 1 month). Wide excision was performed under general anesthesia with similar to 5 cm lateral margins and >= 2 fascial planes depth. Flap reconstruction was done if primary closure was impossible. Postoperative followup assessed complications, disease-free interval (DFI), overall survival (OS), and pain-related behavior via caregiver questionnaires at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Thoracic radiographs evaluated metastasis. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests analyzed data. The most frequent complication was incision dehiscence in 28/43 cats (65,1%); secondary infection in 3/43 ( 7,0%). Complications did not significantly affect OS or DFI (p>0.05). Local recurrence occurred in 18/ 43 cats (41,9%). Median OS exceeded 10 months in cats undergoing revision surgery, versus similar to 6 months in those refusing further surgery ( p = 0.03). Suspicious thoracic lesions appeared in 2 cats; metastasis was not confirmed. Caregiver questionnaires showed significant improvement at 3 months (p < 0.01), with scores rising between 6 and 12 months in cats with recurrence (p < 0.001). FISS is surgically challenging due to high local invasiveness and recurrence despite low metastatic potential. Wide margins and flap reconstruction reduce tension and complications, improving outcomes. Vaccines and injections in extremities or tail, with regular monitoring, may aid early diagnosis and treatment success.
