By A technical summary of the design work of the emergency temporary medical engineering for new coronary pneumonia in a hospital in Beijing, expounds the design ideas and design methods of this type of ward. The functional partition of the ward adopts the design concept of three zones and two channels, and the air conditioning and ventilation system are strictly set up independently according to the functional partition , Through the determination of the air supply and exhaust parameters of each zone, the design of airflow organization, air purification measures and automatic control methods, to ensure that the hospital forms a high-to-low pressure gradient and directional air flow from the clean area to the semi-contaminated area to the polluted area. Separate the air from the contaminated area into the clean area. Through theoretical calculations, the influence of the pressure gradient and the width of the door gap on the exhaust air volume of the negative pressure ward is analyzed, which can be used as a reference for engineering design. In addition, the isolation effect of the buffer room in the negative pressure ward is summarized, and it is proposed The system self-control method.
建筑保温材料微尺度空间结构所呈现的不规律性,导致其导热系数估计精度下降.为解决该问题,以纳米颗粒多孔介质为例,构建基于分形理论的建筑保温材料导热系数估计模型.根据纳米颗粒多孔介质的微尺度空间结构及相关参数获取分形直径以及分形维数.以材料分形特征为基础,计算纳米颗粒多孔介质孔隙率与热阻,构建导热系数估计模型,估计其有效导热系数.实验结果表明,该模型的导热系数估计结果与实际测量结果具有高度一致性,最大误差仅为3.24％;热辐射等效导热系数对材料导热性能影响较小,热传导导热系数对材料导热性能影响较大.
我国绿色建筑的发展在追求绿色目标的过程中逐渐忽略了至关重要的建筑地域性.为了推动绿色建筑地域化发展,优化地域性绿色建筑设计,提出以建筑信息模型(BIM)建立集成化设计平台,分别梳理建筑信息模型与绿色建筑以及建筑地域性之间的影响关系,整合设计的信息数据资源,并展开地域性绿色建筑设计的实例探讨.结果表明,以建筑信息模型建立集成化设计平台,可以更新设计流程、提高设计效率、优化设计方案,在地域性绿色建筑设计初期发挥重要作用,为地域性绿色建筑的发展带来新的契机.
The major of building energy efficiency(BEE) technology and engineering is one of the new strategic and professional majors which are approved to establish by the Ministry of Education in 2010.It is significant to establish the subject for the fresh specialist training goals.The concept and system features of BEE are analyzed and comprehended from the scientific and engineering and technological views.Associated with the division of disciplines and its development and difficulties,the scientific significance of the BEE major is discussed.The basic issues of the major BEE are analyzed.The major location,subject knowledge system,subject development direction and professionals training methods are discussed.The subject basis is established preliminarily for the major of the building energy efficiency technology and engineering,providing crucial theoretic reference for the specialist training.
The energy management contracting(EMC) is introduced from the perspective of its contract model,implementation process,financing model and risk.The prospect of EMC applied in the building energy efficiency in Dalian is expounded.The selection of contract model,implementation process and financing model in Dalian and the role government in the risk control of EMC are suggested,which could provide reference for the development of EMC in building energy efficiency in Dalian and other cities in the initial stage of development of EMC.
Based on the results researching energy-saving retrofits of existing residential buildings,the preferred technical suggestion is summarized,as well as the solution principles of the residential building energy-saving retrofits in hot summer and cold winter region.Focus on the six layers residential construction in Hefei for the examples of energy saving,by the DeST-h energy simulation software to analyze the impact on the annual energy consumption of buildings when we adopt the different rehabilitation programs of building's walls and windows.Finally,after assessing the situation of the modified building energy-saving efficiency and economic analysis,it concludes that this building achieves the energy efficiency design standard in the region and the transformation brings the considerable economic benefits by way of reforming the walls and windows.
Phase change materials(PCMs) could be compounded with conventional building materials to form new type building materials with heat storage and temperature adjustment function.It has advantages of a great energy storage density,heat absorption and release at a constant temperature,etc.It effectively maintains the environmental comfort,and reduces the energy consumption and operating costs of building heating or cooling systems.In allusion to the key issues of current building energy efficiency,the phase change energy storage technology is an important measure to achieve building energy efficiency.On this basis,the classification,characterization and preparation methods of phase change materials are summarized to analyze the phase change material application in energy saving building and solve the current problems.
The existing 40 billion square meters of buildings in China,which 95% of the buildings are energy-intensive,more than 80% of new buildings feature for high energy consumption.Energy-saving design is the key factor for buildings,and there is no unified approach that can effectively assess the energy efficiency of residential design.The fuzzy theory is applied to evaluate the residential energy efficiency program based on Vague set.The concept of the method and algorithm realization is explained in detail,then,the residential program evaluation system is established and the weight coefficients of each indicator are expounded.The effective application of the method and program selection process are analyzed according to several examples.
The background of building energy consumption in China is introduced.The huge power load of air-conditioning causes a series of questions in summer.So,the Gas Heat Pump(GHP) technology is expounded with the system working principle,as well as its energy utilization from three aspects of coefficient of performance(COP),primary energy ratio(PER) and system energy flow.The energy using features of GHP and its running advantages relative to the Electric Heat Pump are presented.It proposed that the related policies and measures in foreign countries shall be taken as references to fully utilize the domestic advanced technology and gas supplying,promoting this energy-saving and environmental protection technology.
The insulation materials used in building envelope is mainly classified as organic insulation materials and inorganic insulation materials.The suggestions of the application of insulation materials in building energy saving are proposed through comparative analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of the organic and inorganic insulation materials.
The concept and characteristics of ground-source heat pump system are simply stated.The expense of the system is analyzed.Comparing with air-cooled heat pump system and VRV system in the actual project,it shows that the system is effective to cooling or heating with great promotional value.In addition,the outdoor auxiliary cooling tower eliminates the imbalance between emission load of heat to ground and absorption capacity of heat from ground,which effectively solve the impact from the heat accumulation phenomenon.
各省、自治区、直辖市公安消防总队,新疆生产建设兵团公安局消防局: 近年来,南京中环国际广场、哈尔滨经纬360度双子星大厦、济南奥体中心、北京央视新址附属文化中心、上海胶州教师公寓、沈阳皇朝万鑫大厦等相继发生建筑外保温材料火灾,造成严重人员伤亡和财产损失,建筑易燃可燃外保温材料己成为一类新的火灾隐患,由此引发的火灾已呈多发势头.
On the analysis of the initial costs of some water-source heat pump projects in Chongqing,the initial investment of water-source heat pump system is 383～456 yuan/m2.Incremental cost is 120～193 yuan/m2 compared with conventional air conditioning system,in which water and water treatment works accounted for 26.62% of the total investment.
It is usually seems to be a contradiction to green architecture and construction cost.The reality and feasibility of developing green architecture are presented from construction economic,with the view of a construction cost engineer,expounding and proving the investment to green architecture can promote economic benefits in the full life period of the building,based on the cases of a Sino-US science collaboration program such as the Building Energy Efficiency Demonstration Project of Science and Technology Department of the Central Government,the A-Si Photoelectric Screen Wall of the New Office Block of FEBCC(the Fifth Engineering Bureau of China Construction).
The shortage of the general air-condition system is briefly analyzed,expounding the temperature and humidity independent control system,as well as its advantage and form.Then a project is presented,and the design method of the temperature and humidity independent control system is described,providing the briefly analysis on electricity consumption in the system,and the practical data when it runs.Finally,comparing with the general system,the energy-saving effect of the temperature and humidity independent control system is expounded.
Evaluation indexes for the existing residential buildings in the northern area were studied to build the preliminary framework of the heating comprehensive evaluation system being economical,energy conserving,safe and environmental friendly.By comparing the contents and characteristics of domestic and international building energy-saving of existing evaluation systems,indexes for heating system of residential buildings were refined and analyzed,so that the basis and source of evaluation indexes were confirmed.Analytic Hierarchy Process and Expert Group Decision-making method were used to distribute weight to the evaluation indexes and determine the relative importance of each index.The implementation process of comprehensive evaluation was researched.
The temperature fields of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea area in summer and winter are analyzed with the presentation on the technological fundamentals of water source heat pump.Combined with a project,method of digging a well nearby the sea in order to solve the low temperature in water at northern areas is expounded,as well as the feasibility and economical efficiency of seawater source heat pump system for the project.
By analyzing the energy-saving design concept of Shaoxing Gymnasium,the main energy-saving measures of the sports archi-tecture are expounded,from the aspects of building shape coefficient and the ratios of window to wall,thermal parameter of external envelope,construction method of external envelope,energy-saving design of air conditioning systems,energy-saving design of electrical system in build-ing,water-saving design of building.So a useful practice to change the sports architecture is provided for environment-friendly and ecological direction.
According to the grass seed sowed or plants grown in different location,three types of planting structure are designed,including the topside structure,the inter-space structure and the underside structure.Because soil layers are at different position to different planting structure,so the construction processes are designed differently,which involved mainly primary treatment,the laying(or filling) of nutritive soil,plant cultivation.The feasibility of the construction process is validated through a practical project,providing the important reference for construction of Green Ecological Concrete.
The buildings of zero-carbon community in London are presented on its influence to the domestic buildings' concept,idea and technology.The construction cost and living cost are analyzed as well as the assuring methods for the building comfort and building design solution for medium-density urban,in order to explain practical significance of promoting zero-carbon buildings in China.
