Background and Aim: Lack of necessary awareness and misdiagnosis can have serious consequences in dental emergencies, potentially causing irreparable harm to the patient's health. This study aimed to assess dental students' knowledge at Alborz University of Medical Sciences regarding medical emergencies in 2019. Materials and Methods:This descriptive, cross-sectional study included all dental students from the 6th to 12th semesters at Alborz University of Medical Sciences (100 students) using a census method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic information, the necessity and sufficiency of learning about medical emergencies, and dental students' knowledge of medical emergencies. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive and analytical statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results:Out of 100 students, 90 completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score of the students was 9.63 ± 2.73, with the highest score being 15. 71.1% of participants agreed that the method of teaching medical emergencies should be changed. Additionally, 86.7% of the students felt the need for retraining in emergencies and how to handle them. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge scores and the academic semester (P =0.01) and the history of attending cardiopulmonary resuscitation workshops (P = 0.03). Conclusion:The knowledge of Alborz University of Medical Sciences dental students regarding medical emergencies was poor and unsatisfactory. The findings of this study, consistent with the results of other studies, highlight the necessity of reviewing and revising the curriculum related to medical emergencies in dentistry.
Introduction: Today, the issue of staff empowerment is more in focus than before because empowering behaviors in hospitals can lead to progress in the field of health care. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing an empowerment model for midwives working in the maternity ward of Tehran teaching hospitals. Method: Data were collected based on the combined exploratory research approach in two parts: qualitative (based on foundation data) and quantitative (based on cross-sectional survey method). In the qualitative section, 30 specialists and experts in gynecology and midwifery and educational management were selected by purposive sampling and in the quantitative section, 403 midwives working in the maternity ward of Tehran educational and medical centers were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was structured in the qualitative part of the interview and researcher-made in the quantitative part. Data analysis in the qualitative part was analyzed by open, axial and selective coding and in the quantitative part by mean indices and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results of coding based on the data method of the foundation led to the identification of 58 items, 12 components and 4 dimensions including: individual, group, organizational and environmental. Conclusion: The results of the ward shortly after weighting showed that all the indicators of goodness of fit regarding the dimensions of the empowerment model of midwives working in the maternity ward of Tehran educational hospitals have been confirmed.
Abstract Background: Human brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis infections, with a high prevalence in some regions of the world. It is considered one of the vital health and economic problem worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the trend of seroprevalence of brucellosis among Suspected Patients attending a medical center, in Ahvaz over an 11-year period. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive retrospective study, the data of all suspected brucellosis patients between 2011 and 2021 were extracted and analyzed. Wright's serological test 1/80 and above; and the titer of 2ME and Combs' Wright test of 1/40 and above were considered criteria for seropositive of brucellosis. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22. Results: Out of 25241 suspected patients, 645 were seropositive of Brucellosis (seroprevalence rate, 2.6%). The frequency of seropositive cases in men with 193 cases (2.7%) was higher than in women with 452 cases (2.5%) (p=0.14). The highest frequency of positive cases was observed in the age group of 11-20 with 59 cases (3.4%) and the lowest frequency was observed in the age group 1-10 years with 14 cases (1.5%) (p=0.001). The changes trend of seroprevalence of brucellosis in this period of time did not have a constant trend; and were in a zigzag pattern. There is a statistically significant difference between the frequency of positive cases in different years (p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study can be of great value to health care policy makers in understanding the epidemiology of Brucellosis in this region.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease with mild memory loss that eventually leads to the loss of the ability to conduct conversation and react to the environment. Despite the proven role of the drugs used against the obvious causes of Alzheimer's disease, it still seems impossible to achieve an effective and permanent treatment for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. So, investigating different angles of GABAergic system signaling can be introduced as a promising target for the development of anti-Alzheimer drugs. Materials and Methods: To induce Alzheimer's disease, the β-amyloid toxin at a dose of 5µg/µl was injected bilaterally into the hippocampus of Wistar male rats, and the rats were then treated with bilateral injection of GABA-A receptor agonist (muscimol) and antagonist (bicuculline), at a dose of 100 ng/µl/side in the hippocampus for 4 days. To assess the spatial memory of the animals, the parameters of the distance traveled by the animals, latency time to reach the hidden platform, and velocity of the animals were analyzed in Morris water maze test. Findings: The distance traveled and the latency time to reach the hidden platform increased in the Morris water test following the injection of beta-amyloid, and the muscimol increased the amount of this memory impairment. The injection of bicuculline could not significantly change the spatial memory of the animals. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the destructive effect of beta-amyloid toxin on spatial memory, as well as the destructive role of muscimol in memory consolidation and retrieval.
Introduction and objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that plays a major role in the development of nosocomial infections. One of the most important mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is the production of beta-lactamase enzymes by this bacterium. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of AmpC beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Guilan and investigating the inhibitory effect thymol on these isolates. Methods: Sixty isolates of K. pneumoniae were isolated and identified from clinical laboratories in Rasht during 2022. The pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in isolates was determined and beta-lactamase production was investigated using combined disk method. The presence of AmpC encoding genes including FOX, CITM and DHAM beta-lactamase genes in isolates was determined by PCR. The growth inhibitory effect of thymol on these isolates was determined using disck diffusion and broth microdilution and the efflux inhibitory effect was determined by Cartwheel methods. Results: Among tested isolates 46 (76.6%) showed multi drug resistant phenotype. Of the 22 phenotypically AmpC-producing isolates, CITM and DHAM genes were detected in 12 (20%) and 7 (11.66%) isolates respectively and 4 isolates had both CITM and DHAM genes at the same time. Thymol, showed growth and efflux inhibitory effects against all tested K. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest the necessity of finding a successful treatment option to prevent the spread of infections caused by AmpC producing K. pneumoniae. According to the results, the use of thymol can provide a basis for the development of a new treatment against multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Introduction and purpose: Premarital counseling is one of the ways to change or reduce irrational beliefs and false expectations from marriage and has effective and significant effects on the quality of people's marriages. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the perspective of Iranian couples regarding tele marriage counseling in Karaj city. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2022 on 200 people who referred to marriage centers in Karaj. The tools used in this study include a demographic questionnaire and a telemedicine acceptance questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS V23 software. Results: In this study, 56.5% were women and 43.5% were men. The average age of women participating in the research was 28.90 ± 7.51 years and the average age of men was 32.52 ± 5.16 years. Among the participants in this study, 43.5% did not consider premarital education sufficient. The average score obtained by the participants from the feasibility questionnaire is 59.03 ± 07.13. The lowest and highest scores are 29 and 99, respectively. The results of this study showed that almost 75% of the participants agree that using tele marriage counseling can be beneficial in starting their life together. Conclusion: The continuation of tele marriage counseling after the face-to-face meeting of health centers, which is required to register their marriage, can be beneficial in starting their joint life and solve many of their needs and questions.
