The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between academic goal orientations and the possible selves of teacher candidates. A total of 384 teacher candidates participated in the study as a sample. The Demographic Information Form, Academic Goal Orientation Scale, and Possible Selves Scale were used as data collection tools. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between the sub-dimensions of teacher candidates' academic goal orientation, a positive relationship between the sub-dimensions of expected possible selves, and a positive relationship between the sub-dimensions of feared possible selves. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the Learning dimension and the sub-dimensions of expected possible selves, while a negative correlation was observed between the Avoidance sub-dimension and the expected possible selves scale. Regression analysis of academic goal orientation and possible selves sub-dimensions indicated that the possible selves sub-dimensions of teacher candidates did not explain or reflect their academic goal orientation levels. This finding suggests that the participants' possible selves were not indicators of their academic goal orientation levels.
This study aims to examine the awareness levels of academicians working in the field of sports sciences regarding artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Within the scope of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 faculty members from the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Yozgat Bozok University, employing a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. The data obtained were analyzed using content analysis. Findings revealed that participants believed AI technologies offer significant opportunities in areas such as performance analysis, training planning, rehabilitation, injury prevention, and the digitalization of educational processes in sports sciences. Participants also highlighted the importance of ethical concerns, data privacy, and access to technology. As a result, it is recommended that awareness of AI be increased among academicians, interdisciplinary collaborations be encouraged, and educational curricula be restructured to enable the effective and ethical integration of AI into the field of sports sciences.
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between isokinetic strength and some morphometric characteristics in elite level modem pentathlon athletes. Experimental design from quantitative research methods was used in the study. In the first stage, 22 pentathlon athletes who competed individually and participated in elite level competitions participated in the study. However, 3 athletes were excluded from the study for various reasons. As a result, 19 modern pentathlon athletes participated. In the study, tape measure and isokinetic strength device (Isomed 2000®, Ferstl, Germany) were used as data collection tools. The muscle strengths of the athletes at angular velocities of 60°/sec and 180°/sec were evaluated with the isokinetic device, and the waist, hip, thigh and calf circumferences, lower leg, upper leg lengths and foot sizes of the athletes were evaluated with the tape measure. The results of the study showed that there was a positive correlation between muscle strength measured at both 60°/sec angular velocity and 180°/sec angular velocity and waist circumference, upper leg length, lower leg length and foot size (p<0.05), while there was no significant correlation between muscle strength measured at both 60°/sec angular velocity and 180°/sec angular velocity and hip circumference, thigh circumference and calf circumference (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined that there were relationships between anthropometric variables (waist circumference, upper leg length, lower leg length and foot size) and knee flexion and extension strength.
The aim of this study is to examine the Olympic awareness of high school students. A total of 504 students, 272 female and 232 male, studying in Project Schools in Bitlis province participated in the study in which the survey model was adopted. The data were obtained with the “High School Students' Olympic Awareness Scale” and Personal Information Form. Descriptive statistics and one-way MANOVA test were used to analyze the collected data. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that there was a significant difference in the mean Olympic concepts scores of the students according to gender (p<.05), while there was no significant difference in other dimensions according to gender (p>.05). While no significant difference was obtained in Olympic awareness according to grade and mother's education level (p>.05), significant differences were obtained in the Olympic concepts dimension according to father's education level (p<.05). A significant difference was found in the Olympics awareness of the students according to the status of following the Olympics (p<.05). In addition, it was found that the Olympic awareness of the students was above average. As a result, it was found that males had higher awareness levels than females. It was concluded that those whose father's education level was undergraduate had a higher level of Olympics awareness than those whose father's education level was secondary education. It was concluded that those who follow the Olympics have a higher level of awareness than those who do not follow the Olympics.
This research determines how physical attacks on football officials affect public perception, using the MKE Ankaragücü - Çaykur Rizespor Inc. match as an example. Within the framework of the study, several technical data were computed on the coverage rates of the match in which the physical attack was the subject, in both national and international media, as well as the number of fouls, objections, cards, passing, and ball winning rates. Data were collected from national and international online football databases in the collection of research data. The frequency and percentage values of the obtained data were analyzed by the SPSS 22.0 package program. As a result of the research, it was specified that the yellow and red cards received by the teams in the match where the incident took place, the number of fouls, the objections of the players and the technical staff on the benches to the referee after the decisions made, the average card analysis of the MKE Ankaragücü team throughout the season was lower than the average card analysis of all teams, and there was no significant difference between the number of cards shown by the referees based on the last five seasons. Furthermore, it was determined that the incident was interpreted as “shameful” in the national and international sports media.
Aerobic capacity is a crucial determinant of performance in volleyball, a sport characterized by intermittent high-intensity efforts. Field-based tests such as the 20-meter Shuttle Run Test (20 mSRT) and the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15 IFT) are commonly used to estimate maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in athletes. However, the degree of agreement between these tests in elite female volleyball players remains unclear. This study aimed to compare VO2max estimates obtained from the 20 mSRT and 30-15 IFT in professional female volleyball players and assess the level of agreement between the two tests. Eight professional female volleyball players (age: 23.3 ± 2.1 years; height: 182.1 ± 5.4 cm; body mass: 72.4 ± 4.8 kg) completed both the 20 mSRT and 30-15 IFT. A paired-sample t-test was used to compare VO2max values between tests, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,1) was calculated to assess agreement. Pearson correlation analysis was also performed between the test results. VO2max values estimated from the 30-15 IFT (48.10 ± 5.03 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) were significantly higher than those from the 20 mSRT (35.49 ± 3.19 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) (p < 0.001, d = 2.80). A strong positive correlation was found between the two tests (r = 0.833, p = 0.010). However, the ICC (3,1) value of 0.754 (95% CI: 0.176–0.945) indicated only moderate agreement.
Free throw shooting is a fundamental skill in basketball that requires precise coordination and balance. Although technical and kinematic factors influencing shooting accuracy have been extensively studied, the potential contribution of postural sway to free throw success remains unclear. The aim of this study is to compare postural sway between successful and unsuccessful free throw shots (b) and to determine the difference between genders in postural sway during successful and unsuccessful shots. Sixty adult basketball players (30 female, 30 male; age=21.2±1.9 years) participated in this study. Postural sway was assessed during five successful and five unsuccessful free throw attempts using the GYKO inertial sensor system. Sway parameters included ellipse area, length, mean distance, and velocity in the total, medio-lateral, and antero-posterior directions. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used with shot outcome (successful vs. unsuccessful) as the within-subject factor and gender (female vs. male) as the between-subject factor. No significant differences were found between successful and unsuccessful free throws in any postural sway parameters. However, male players demonstrated significantly greater values than female players in ellipse area (F=5.043, p=.029, ηp2=.080), mean distance (F=18.15, p<.001, ηp2=.238), medio-lateral mean distance (F=4.21, p=.045, ηp2=.068), and antero-posterior mean distance (F=30.51, p<.001, ηp2=.345). No gender × shot outcome interaction was observed for any parameter. These findings suggest that while postural sway differs between genders, it does not distinguish successful from unsuccessful free throw attempts in adult basketball players. Postural stability may therefore not be a decisive factor in free throw success.
Individuals with ASD require support throughout every stage of their lives, and this support is usually provided by their parents. Parents make decisions on behalf of their children with ASD and guide them according to their needs. Among these needs, physical activity stands out as a key factor in helping children with ASD stay healthy, avoid secondary disorders, and engage in social interaction. Children’s participation in physical activity is also closely related to the decisions their parents make in this regardIn determining the study group, the convenience sampling method, which is a non-random sampling technique, was used, and 373 parents residing in Ankara who have children diagnosed with ASD were included in the study. The data collection tools employed were the ‘Perceived Physical Literacy Scale’, validated and tested for reliability in Turkish by Munusturlar and Yıldızer (2020), and the ‘Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Scale’, validated and tested in Turkish by Eskiler et al. (2016). In the analysis of the data, t-tests, ANOVA, regression, and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Significant differences were found between perceived income and educational status variables and parents’ attitudes toward and literacy in physical activity. However, no significant difference was observed based on gender. Furthermore, it was determined that parents’ physical literacy levels are a significant predictor of their attitudes toward physical activity.
Digital games, which are frequently preferred by individuals in Generation Z as a leisure activity area, constitute the focus of this study. The motivation of individuals born in this period to play digital games and their systematic follow-up in leisure are addressed in this study. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the motivation to play digital games in Generation Z individuals from a serious leisure perspective. The study utilized the relational screening model, one of the quantitative research methods. The sample group of the study consists of 130 female (%42.6) and 175 male (%57.4) individuals of Generation Z, aged between 18-22, with an average age of 19.511.11, who participate in digital games. The Digital Game Playing Motivation Scale and the Serious Leisure Scale were used as data collection tools. The findings obtained showed that the gender variable did not show a significant difference in terms of success and recovery dimensions of digital game playing motivations (p>.05), but it was concluded that curiosity and social acceptance were in favor of men, and the uncertainty in game request dimension was in favor of women. It is observed that gender does not create a difference in terms of serious leisure personal benefit and social benefit dimensions (p>.05) but there is a significant difference in favor of men in the seriousness dimension. In terms of digital participation time and internet participation time variables, significant differences were found in all sub-dimensions of digital game playing motivation and serious leisure participation. The study results showed that digital game playing motivation is related to serious leisure participation dimensions. In addition, it was determined that the success and recovery and arousal and curiosity and social acceptance dimensions of digital game playing motivations are significant predictors of serious leisure seriousness, personal benefit and social benefit.
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship and job anxiety of students studying at the faculty of sports sciences in terms of different variables. 311 students studying at different departments of the faculty of sports sciences of a state university participated in the study. In the study, personal information form was used to determine demographic variables, ‘entrepreneurship scale’ was used to determine the entrepreneurship levels of the participants and ‘job anxiety scale’ was used for job anxiety levels. Data were tested with descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test, one-way analysis of variance ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. As a result of statistical analyses, it was found that the entrepreneurship levels of the participants differed in terms of gender variable, and no significant difference was found between the groups for both scales in terms of age variable, class variable and sports level variable. According to the simple correlation analysis result conducted for the relationship between entrepreneurship and job anxiety of the participants, a low-level, positive and insignificant relationship was found between the scales.
This study aims to reveal the relationships between the state anxiety levels and stress coping skills of athletes before the competition in snowboarding and various variables. The study was conducted using the screening method, which is one of the quantitative research techniques. The data of our study consists of three sections: Demographic Information of Snowboarders, State Anxiety Inventory and Stress Coping Scale. The universe of this study consists of 158 snowboarders, 49 female and 109 male, in the age groups of U11, U13, U15, +15, out of 250 snowboarders licensed in the Turkish Ski Federation. As a result of determined that the state anxiety and stress coping levels of athletes differed according to their gender, and it was determined that the helpless approach sub-dimension of stress coping differed according to gender and that the helpless approach sub-dimension levels of men were higher than those of women. Another result that the optimistic approach sub-dimension of stress coping of athletes differed according to age. In the study, as a result of the difference analysis of the levels of state anxiety and coping with stress according to their weight, it was determined that the levels of self-confident approach to coping with stress differed according to their weight. It was determined that there was a positive and moderate relationship with the helpless approach sub-dimension levels of the state anxiety and coping with stress scale, and a positive and low-level relationship with the submissive approach sub-dimension levels of the state anxiety and coping with stress scale.
This research aims to determine the metaphorical perceptions of curling athletes regarding their sport. The study employs a qualitative research approach and a phenomenological design. The research group consists of 60 athletes, including 36 women and 24 men, competing in the 2023-2024 Season Turkey 2nd League promotion matches. Data collected through semi-structured interviews were analyzed using content analysis methods. In the data collection process, each athlete was given a personal information form and asked to complete the sentence: "Curling is like……….; because it…………." The data analysis followed the stages of naming, elimination, category development, ensuring validity and reliability, calculating the frequencies of the obtained metaphors, and interpreting them. As a result, the obtained metaphors were dimensioned into four categories. These categories are "Development," "Relaxing Element," "Life," and "Social Environment," with the most frequently produced metaphors identified as life, future, and entertainment.
The individual is influenced by their environment; parents are the primary role models for them, followed by friends, family, and teachers. These individuals teach them the importance of sports, how it benefits disabled individuals, and how to have positive attitudes regarding disability. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, this study aimed to investigate parents of students studying sports sciences' opinions regarding sports for people with disabilities. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 20 parents (9 female, 11 male). Educational backgrounds ranged from primary school (n = 4) and middle school (n = 4) to secondary school (n = 5) and university (n = 7). Only three participants reported having a disabled family member or close acquaintance. Interview transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed in NVivo 11. The majority of participants, according to the results, were aware of disabilities and the advantages—both social and physical—of sports for those with disabilities. Parents emphasized the importance of integrating disabled individuals into society and employing sports science graduates to support special needs. They also highlighted the success of ongoing projects but suggested the need for new, creative initiatives to reach a broader audience.
This research aims to examine the impact of human resource practices on shaping innovative behaviors in public sport organizations. The research was conducted with a sample of 397 employees working in public sports organizations in Turkey. The sample was determined by using convenience sampling method and the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research designs, was adopted as the research method. Satisfaction with Human Resources Management Practices Scale and Innovative Behavior Scale were used to collect the data. SPSS.26 statistical program was used for data analysis and descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied in the analysis process. The findings showed that the factors within the scope of human resource management have significant and positive effects on employees' innovative behaviors. In particular, career system and wage system stand out as the variables that predict innovative behaviors most strongly. The findings suggest that effective management of human resource practices in public sport organizations can encourage innovative behaviors of employees and support organizational development.
This research examines the relationship between the attitudes of high school students in Ankara province towards the coaching profession and some demographic characteristics and the relationship between attitudes towards the coaching profession and its sub-dimensions. The research was conducted with 305 high school students in 2024 and 2025. The study was conducted using a relational screening method. The participants were administered a "Attitude Scale for High School Students Towards the Coaching Profession" and a "Demographic Information Form" as data collection tools. In the evaluation of research data, statistical methods such as frequency, percentage distributions, Independent Samples T Test for two groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple groups, Tukey's test for detecting differences between groups, Cohen's d and eta-squared for determining effect size, and Pearson Correlation analysis for determining relationships were utilized. As a result of the study, a significant difference was found between the participants' attitudes towards the coaching profession and the demographic variables of gender, age, years of experience in sports, and licensed athlete status, while no significant difference was found between the variables of grade level and favorite team. At the same time, a positive and significant relationship was found between high school students' attitudes towards the coaching profession and its sub-dimensions.
In the context of rapidly increasing digital consumption, this study investigates the impact of social media addiction and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) on compulsive buying behavior among sports consumers. Drawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) model and Social Identity Theory, the research proposes a comprehensive framework in which materialism and sports passion act as mediators. Data were collected from 293 individuals who have previously purchased sports products online and are active social media users. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that both social media addiction and eWOM significantly increase materialistic tendencies, which in turn drive compulsive buying behavior. Additionally, team identification enhances sports passion, which also mediates the relationship between identification and compulsive consumption. The results provide new theoretical insights into the psychological mechanisms behind impulsive buying in the digital age and offer practical implications for sports marketers seeking to manage consumer behavior more ethically in online platforms.
Ecorecreative activities for disadvantaged groups not only improve the physical and mental health of individuals, but also contribute to broader societal issues such as social justice and environmental sustainability. Therefore, it is of great importance to support and disseminate such activities. Based on this view, the aim of the study is to examine the life satisfaction of disadvantaged individuals participating in eco-creative activities. The study group consisted of 87 participants (mean age= 22.6±2.63) who were selected by random sampling method and whose ages ranged between 19 and 36. In addition to the personal information form created by the researcher, "Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS)" developed by Diener et al. (1985) and adapted into Turkish by Dağlı and Baysal was used for data collection. The hypotheses formed within the scope of the research were tested using t-test and ANOVA analysis methods for independent samples. As a result of the findings, the scores of the participants from the life satisfaction scale were evaluated according to their participation in eco-creative activities. It was found that individuals who participated in eco-creative activities had higher life satisfaction mean scores than those who did not participate (p<0.05). No statistical significance was found in the mean scores obtained from the life satisfaction scale according to the gender variable (p>0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that there was no statistical significance according to the mean scores obtained from the scale according to the emotional state of the participants' participation in eco-creative activities (p>0.05). In conclusion, eco-creative activities are an effective tool to increase life satisfaction of individuals in disadvantaged groups. These activities enable individuals to connect with nature, cope with stress and improve their overall quality of life.
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on both body composition and endurance levels among professional soccer players. Twenty-one male professional soccer players from 1461 Trabzonspor Club participated in the study, with an average age of 23.00±0.60 years, a height of 183.16±10.1 cm, and a body weight of 78.40±1.69 kg. Various data were collected, including gender, age, body weight (kg), body fat percentage (%BF), body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, hip circumference, waist circumference (cm), and VO2max (measured using the yo-yo test).The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. Normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the paired sample t-test was employed for statistical analysis due to the normal distribution of the data. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in body weight (kg), body fat percentage (%BF), body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, hip circumference, and waist circumference (cm) values (p<0.05), indicating that HIIT training was effective in reducing these variables. Additionally, when analyzing the Maximum VO2 values obtained through the yo-yo test, HIIT training demonstrated a statistically significant impact (p<0.05), suggesting that it effectively increased this variable. In conclusion, the HIIT training program implemented among professional soccer players led to notable improvements in reducing certain anthropometric values while simultaneously enhancing Maximum VO2 values.
This study aimed to examine the effects of different court surfaces (outdoor hard, indoor hard, and clay) on the physiological and performance parameters of elite tennis players using a GPS-based tracking system. It was hypothesized that different court surfaces would impose distinct physiological loads and performance demands, with clay courts expected to require greater endurance and higher physiological stress compared to hard court .Sixteen elite players (mean age 13.7±0.1 years, height 157.4±4.1 cm, body weight 53.9±3.9 kg, training age 9.5±0.8 years, BMI 20.5±0.01) participated voluntarily. Each player completed three matches on different courts with 72-hour rest intervals. Standardized tennis-specific warm-up and stretching protocols were applied before matches. During competition, Catapult GPS vests and Polar monitors recorded average and maximum heart rate, total running distance, sprint counts, maximum speed, distance per minute, and average speed. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, t-tests, one-way or repeated-measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests with SPSS 26. Significant differences were observed across court types. Outdoor hard courts yielded lower average and maximum heart rates compared to indoor and clay courts (p<0.01). Total running distance was significantly lower on indoor courts compared to outdoor and clay courts (p<0.01). Sprint counts were also lower on indoor courts, while outdoor courts showed lower values than clay (p<0.01). Maximum speed values were higher on clay compared to outdoor courts (p<0.01), and indoor courts were higher than clay (p<0.05). Distance per minute was greatest on clay courts (p<0.01), followed by indoor and outdoor courts. No significant differences were found in average match speeds (p>0.05). Court surface significantly influences physiological load and performance outcomes in tennis. These findings suggest that training and match preparation programs should consider surface-specific physical demands to optimize athlete performance.
The purpose of this study is to reveal the perceptions of sports sciences students regarding artificial intelligence (AI) through metaphors and to conduct a categorical analysis of these metaphors in order to gain an in-depth understanding of how AI is perceived by the students. A qualitative research design, specifically the "Metaphor Analysis" method, was employed. Data were collected by asking sports sciences students to complete the sentence: "Artificial intelligence is like ______ to me because ______." A total of 222 students participated in the study. The findings were grouped under five themes: facilitator, source of information, threat and risk, human entity, and redundancy. As a result, the majority of sports sciences students perceive AI as a valuable assistant that facilitates their lives and as a resource that provides rapid access to information. However, there is also significant awareness regarding the risks associated with AI and its human-related dimensions. The broad spectrum of students' perceptions of AI offers important implications for the integration of technology into educational processes. It is anticipated that the study’s findings will contribute to both academic and practical levels in the design of instructional activities and the pedagogical integration of AI-based tools.
