Problem. How can an effective teaching process be conducted within a limited timeframe to teach students real, practical skills in individual self-defense? Five research questions were posed. Method. A diagnostic survey with a survey technique (NS1 questionnaire) was conducted on a sample of 92 students of physical education and internal security, including full-time and part-time students. The numerical data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test for independence of variables; Kramer's Phi and V; and the coefficients: Kendall's Tau-b and Tau-c. IBM SPSS 26.0 with the Exact Tests module was used. Results. It was found that students' attitudes toward self-defense and interest in the subject were independent of their field of study, physical fitness level, age, or gender. Students gave the course and the educational outcomes a very positive rating. No significant differences were found in students' opinions depending on field of study or by full-time and part-time students. There were minor differences in the most frequently cited sources of students' self-defense knowledge. Conclusions. Students are satisfied with the "Elements of Self-Defense" course. The vast majority of them positively assessed the outcomes - improved fitness and skills - and a significant portion would like to see more hours taught in this course.
Background. Pencak silat, a traditional Indonesian martial art, embodies a holistic philosophy integrating physical discipline, moral values, and social harmony. Beyond its athletic dimensions, it functions as a cultural medium for shaping psychosocial development and emotional regulation among youth. Problem and aim. Rising adolescent aggressiveness presents a public health concern influenced by cultural, psychological, and social factors. This study explores the philosophical essence of pencak silat as a potential psychosocial intervention to mitigate aggressiveness and strengthen emotional self-control. Material and methods. Using a qualitative approach, the study applied philosophical hermeneutics and literature analysis to examine primary texts, oral traditions, and scholarly sources concerning pencak silat ethics, pedagogy, and community practices. Key principles (self-discipline, respect, and harmony) were interpreted within a psychosocial framework. Results. Findings reveal that pencak silat promotes self-awareness, empathy, and pro-social behavior through its spiritual and communal teachings. The discipline's moral codes (" ("budi pekerti luhur") encourage internal balance and conflict resolution through reflective rather than reactive behavior. These elements align with the preventive dimensions of psychosocial intervention models targeting emotional regulation. Conclusions. The philosophy of pencak silat holds significant potential as a culturally grounded framework for developing adolescent psychosocial resilience. Integrating its core values into educational and behavioral programs could strengthen preventive efforts against youth aggressiveness while preserving cultural identity.
Background. This research is motivated by the low muscle power ability of wrestling athletes. Aim. This study aims to analyze: (1) the effect of the Bulgarian bag training on increasing leg and arm muscle power of wrestling athletes, (2) the difference in the effect of the Bulgarian bag training using the fast movement rhythm or using the slow movement rhythm on increasing leg and arm muscle power of wrestling athletes. Material and Methods. This research method is through a quantitative approach with a type of quasi-experimental research using a pre-test and post-test two-group design. Results. The results showed that there is an effect from Bulgarian bag training on increasing leg and arm muscle power of wrestling athletes. In the Bulgarian bag training group, the rhythm of fast and slow movements is evidenced by data on muscle power, muscle strength, power, and reaction speed, which obtained a significance value smaller than 0.05 (p <0.05). 2) There is a significant difference in the effect between the group given the Bulgarian bag fast movement exercise rhythm and the group given the Bulgarian bag slow movement exercise rhythm on increasing the muscle power of the legs and arms of wrestling athletes with a significance value smaller than 0.05 (p<0.05), proven in the average muscle power of the Bulgarian bag slow rhythm training group of 342cm; there is a difference of 253.6cm. Conclusion. This study concludes that there is a significant increase in leg and arm muscle power before and after treatment. The group that was given the treatment of the Bulgarian bag exercise with the fast movement rhythm had better leg and arm muscle power compared to the Bulgarian bag exercise group with the slow movement rhythm.
Background. Direct preparation for competition, which takes into account the individual needs and moods of karate practitioners, is of significant importance for their form in the main event. To date, there have been few studies in this area relating to the mental sphere of competitors. Problem and aim. The aim of this article is to gain knowledge about the mood of Fudokan karate competitors in junior and senior groups during direct preparation for kata competition. Material and methods. Polish kata competitors from Fudokan karate (N=52) were examined, including juniors (n=24) and seniors (n=28). The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) was used. Significance was set at 0.05. Results. No differences were found in the vigour dimension between the junior and senior groups, but differences were found in the tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion dimensions. In addition, it was found that competitive experience is negatively correlated with the intensity of mood dimensions, with the exception of vigour, which is positively correlated. Conclusions. Juniors showed higher levels of tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion than seniors, while vigour levels were similar in both groups. In addition, the following relationship was found: the longer the competitive experience, the higher the vigour and the lower the tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion.
Background. Research on the psychological skills of players, based on a gender perspective is still limited, especially in elite karate athletes. Problem and aim. We evaluated the psychological skills of male and female karate athletes competing in the 19th Asian Games event in 2023 in Hangzhou, China. Material and methods. The research method used is a retrospective causal-comparative design using the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS-R-5) instrument. The sampling technique uses the Systematic Sampling technique, namely karate athletes from Indonesia, Japan, and Korea. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test (P <0.05) and cross-tabulation techniques. Results. The results showed that there were significant differences in the characteristics of psychological skills between male and female karate athletes in the Asian Games. There are significant differences between the psychological skills of male and female karate athletes. This can be seen from the value or t count = 3.034 and the Sig. value = 0.007 > 0.05. Conclusions. In this study, the characteristics of psychological skills of karate athletes based on gender have significant differences between male karate athletes and female karate athletes. Psychological characteristics of male karate athletes are better than those of female karate athletes.
