Purpose To evaluate the apoptosis and inflammation of conjunctival epithelial cell in dry eye patients. Methods Specimens for conjunctival epithelial cells were collected by impression from 16 dry eye patients (22 eyes) and 7 normal subjects (10 eyes) . Flow cytometry was taken to measure apoptosis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect nuclear factor-кB( NF-кB) and transforming growth factor-β1( TGF-β1) .Results The apoptotic index was significantly higher in conjunctival epithelium of dry eye patients than that of normal subjects (P 0.05). The expression of NF-кB and TGF-β1 in conjunctival cytology samples was stronger in dry eye samples than that in normal subjects. The apoptotic index showed significant relationship with NF-кB( r = 0.581, P = 0.004) and TGF-β1 (γ= 0.650, P = 0.001) staining. Conclusion The apoptosis and inflammation were significantly stronger in the conjunctival epithelium of dry eye patients. The increased percentage of apoptotic cell in conjunctival epithelium may have close relationship with ocular surface inflammation.
Purpose To investigate the expression and significance of NF-kBmRNA of rat lens epithelial cell during H2O2-induced cataract formation.Methods After rats' s lens organ culture in vitro, We examined the expression of NF-KBmRNA of rat lens epithelial cell by using in situ hypridization technique. Results The longer incubate with H2O2 treatment lasted, the more expression of NF-kBmRNA of lens epithelial cell were found(The expression of NF-kB mRNA is 24.18 ± 8.54,47.58±9.14,62.48 ±8.22 at 3h,12h,24 h in H2O2 group and the latter was positively correlating with opaque of lens.r= 0.897,P 0.001). Conclusion The expression of NF-KBmRNA of rat lens epithelial cell was induced by H2O2. The former might play an important role in the pathogenesis of cataract.
Purpose To evaluate the effect of VP3 gene of chicken anemia virus (CAV) on laryngeal cancer, and its mechanism and safety. Methods A human laryngeal cancer cell line Hep-2 was used to establish a nude mice cancer model. Recombinant of plasmid pcDNA3 containing VP3 gene of chicken anemia virus was injected into the tumor nodules of nude mice. The growth of carcinoma nodules in nude mice was cytohistopathologically examined. Results 100% nude mice carried carcinoma nodules successfully. 3 weeks after the teatment there was significant difference in weight of tumor nodules and rats between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion Intra-tumorous injection of pcDNA3-(CAV) VP3 can inhibited the growth of implanted carcinoma nodules, and (CAV) VR3 is a potential tool for the therapy of laryngeal
Purpose To improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis for the salivary tumors so as to ensure complete tumor removal during the primary operation. Methods Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed on 69 patients with salivary tumors. The aspiration smears were divided into two parts. One part was under the Papanicolaou stain to determine the histologic type. And the smears of 10 benign tumors and 10 maliganant tumors from the other part were chosen randomly for the DNA quantitative analysts after the pathologic diagnoses were obtained.The methed of image cytophotometry was used because of the advantage of selectivley measuring techniques to single out tumor cell. Results For the detection of benign tumors with FNAB alone, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 4/10,7/10 and 7/7 respectively. And for malignancy they were 3/10, 10/10 and 7/10. With the combination of FNAB and DNA analysisi, together the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, were 4/10,10/10 and.10/10 in benign,and 9/10 in malignancy,Conclusion The combination of FNAB and DNA analysis is more accurate and specific in evaluation of malignancy than FNAB alone,and it also has a higher sensitivity for detection of benign tumor.
Purpose To study the relation between p53, Ubiquitin and HIF-1α, and analyze its clinical significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods 60 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue chip were made by using tissue chip technique. At The same time, the S-P immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods were used to observe the expressions of p53, Ubiquitin, HIF-1α and HIF-1α mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue chip. Results The postitive rates of p53, Ubiquitin, HIF-1α and HIF-1α mRNA were 56.7% 、45.0%、 58.3% and 65.0% in 60 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma respectively. The positive rates of p53, HIF-1αand HIF-1α mRNA in lymph node metastasis group were significantly higher than the ones in lymph node non-metastasis group ( P 0.01) . A significant correlation was found between the overexpression of p53, low-expression of Ubiquitin and overexpression of HIF-1α、 HIF-1α mRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma respectively. Conclusion Mutant type p53 might affect the overpression of HIF-1α, and Ubiquitin might affect the low-expression of HIF-1α in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The expression of p53 and HIF-1α might be considered to be a reference indictator for prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Purpose To investigate the clinical significance of DPOAE in tinnitus. Methods 86 subjects (125 ears) with tinnitus (with or without hering loss)were examined and compared with DPOAE and pure-tone audiometry.Results In 99 ears with hearing loss and tinnitus, the DPOAE-gram presented lower or no.amplitude in the frequency range of elevated pure-tone-thresthold,so there was close relationship between them. In 21 ears with normal hearing and tinnitus the amplitude of DPOAE at nearby frequencies of tinnitus was decreased , In 5 ears with hearing loss and tinnitus the DPOAE-gram was normal. Conclusion DPOAE gives us some useful information about the location and nature of the cochlear' s tinnitus and retrocochlear's tinnitus.To the tinnitus with normal hearing,DPOAE could reflect cochlear lesion in early stage.
Purpose To evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) technique in the treatnent for glottic laryngeal carcinoma. Methods 48 cases of glotice laryngeal carcinoma were restropsectively analysed in our department from 1996 to 1999, which all underwent CHEF operations. Six of them received postoperative radical radiotherapy with average 6 000 cGy. All but one were males with median age of 62.61years The staging of tumors was distinguished according to UICC 1997:T1 4 cases, T2 27 cases, T3 15 cases, T4 2 cases. The patients were followed up for at least 3 years.Results All but one were followed up for at least 3 years or until death. The 3-year survival rate of T1 was 100% (4/4), T2 85.19% (23/27), T3 80%( 12/15) T4 50% (1/2) .The medien survival rate of 3-year was 83.33% . Carcinoma had locally recurred postoperatively in five patants, The 3-year actual local control rate of T1 was 100% (4/4),T2 92.59% (25/27) ,T3 93.33% (14/15) and T4(2/2).The median local control rate was 89.58%. Four of the operations failed in decannulation, and the success rate of decannulation was 91.66% . The rate of presurvation of laryngeal function was 81.25% Conclusion The CHEP techniqe does well in oncologic and functiond outcomes in the treatment for glottic laryngedal carcinoma. The Salvage therapy is total laryngectomy for local recurrene.
Purpose To investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on Hep-2 cell lines of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and provide the experimental basis for the clinical therapy of terminal laryngeal carcinoma. Methods As2O3 at various levels of concentration were used in Hep-2 in vitro. To observe proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and the cell cycle with the growth curve of cell lines, MTT, Wrigh's-Gimesa.DNA agarose gel electrophoresis technique, TUNEL and flow cytometry were used. Results Hep-2 proliferation inhibition was affected by As2O3 and showed the effect of time and dosage. Within a certain time and dosage, apoptotic cells were induced, which depended on As2O3 concentration, Most of the cells were arrested in the G2+M period. Conclusion Arsenic trioxide can induce apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of Hep-2 cell lines of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which can provide a practicable way for the clinical therapy of terminal laryngeal carcinoma.
Purpose To analyze the relationship between fundus fluorecein angiograph leakage and visual acuity in the central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods 74 cases (78eyes) were examined as central serous chorioretinopathy by fundus fluorescein angiography wtih Zeiss FF450 retina angiography. Results Leakage sites: fovea 16 eyes ,20.51%, average visual acuity 0.15 and parafovea 53 eyes,67.95% average visual acuity 0.64 and perifovea 9 eyes, 11.54% .average visual acuity 0.82 .The number of leakage spot one leakage spot 52 eyes,66.67% ;and two leakage spots 26 eyes33.33% . The types of leakage sites: round type 29 eyes, 37.18 % , visual acuity 0.1～1.2, average 0.52; smokestack type 9 eyes. 11.54% , visual acuity 0.1～0.5,average 0.21;window defect type 22 eyes,28.20%, visual acuity 0,3～1.2,average 0.62; and mixed type 18 eyes, 23.08% , visual acuity 0.2～1.2,average 0.64.Leakage extent: ≤ 1/2PD 42 eyes, 53.85% ; and 1/2PD 36 eyes,46.15% . Conclusion There is a close relationship between the leakage site and visual acuity. The more leakage spots, the woree visual acuity with lesion. The patients with fluorescein angiography of smokestack patterns were damage more in visual acuity than other types.The larger leakage extent,the worse the visual acuity with lesion. ( P 0.05) .
Purpose The article is to study the different treatment and adaptability of different scalp defects. Methods The medical records of 19 cases of scalp defect following the excision of the scalp tumors were analyzed. Results Skin grafting is the simplest method .Transposition of adjacent skin flap can repair the small defect without baldness, and also transposition of free skin flap can repair the extensive defect with a large amount of tissues . Crisscross cutting of the galea aponeurotica can increase the extensibility of the flap. Conclusion Different methods have different advantages in restoration from scalp defect.
Purpose To evaluate the effect of analgesia upon two incisions at different stages of phacoemtisification under topical anesthesia. Methods We dropped 0.4% alcaine twice before spreading scarf and after opening eyelid respectively and select 120 cotneal incisions and 120 scleral incisions randomly. Without any cue, we asked patients about the feelings at each stage and classified them objectively. Results The average time of operation was 7.2 minutes, arranged from 5 to 25 minutes, In comeal incision, the pain under grade 3 was 9.2%, 25% and 12.5% during hydrodissection, emusification and aspiration of cortex respectively, which in scleral incisions was 12.5%, 22.5% and 13.3% respectively. There was no significant statistic difference between these two groups( P 0.05) . All of them could tolerate the operation and surgeons could successfully implant the lens. The ratio of postcapsule disrupton was 3.8% and the ratio of anterior capsule laceration was 5.8% . No nuclear dropping into vitreous and intraocular hematorrhea happned. Conclusion phacomusification under topical anesthesia is safe and effective.
Purpose To evaluate the effect of cryopreserverved limbal histologic piece allograft transplantation combined with amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT)on severe ocular surface diseases(OSD) .Methods 19 patients(l9 eyes) with severe OSD were treated by cryopreserverved limbal histologic piece allograft transplantation combined with AMT. 2 of the patients were treated by penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) after 6 months. Their effect were evaluated. Resuks The follow-ups of 14 patients were more than a year. All resulted in the restoration of a normal ocular surface without conjunctival goblet cells over the entire corneal surface. Not only is the eyeball saved but also the visual acuity is improved. 1 comeal limbal graft came off.The immunological rejection emerged in 4 cases. Conclusion Cryopreserverved limbal histologic piece allograft transplantation combined with AMT is a useful technique in promoting rapid and stable reepithelialization of a comeal surface following severe OSD.
Purpose To investigate the clinical effective methods of improving the quality of vision of excimer laser refractive surgery. Methods The clinical outcome of excirner laser refractive surgery by comparing different refraction methods,different laser machines and different operative methods was studied. Results The incidence of postoperative glare in group with small optical zone linear ablation and group using flying-spot large optical zone ablation were 33.64% and 15.89% . respectively(P0.05) .The incidence of postoperative ocular fatigue in group using medical refraction was fewer than that using ordinary refraction ( P 0.05). Significant decentration was found in 6 eyes of 5 patients after LASIK. After topography-supported customized ablation (TOSCA) treatment, all patients had a significant reduction in the perception of ghost image and glare. Uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) were both increased significantly.Comparing the effect of LASIK with LASEK on contrast sensitivity and wavefront aberration, the decrease of contrast sensitivity in post-LASEK group was smaller than that of post-LASIK group.The increase of higher-order aberrations was significantly larger in LASIK group than that in LASEK group 3 months after surgery. Conclusion Employing medical refraction, Choosing flying-spot system ablation with large optical zone, using TOSCA for irregular comeal surface and following LASEK procedure are the useful methods for improving the quality of vision of excimer laser refractive surgery.
Purpose To investigate whether form visual deprivation alters the density of collagen in guinea pigs' sclera. Methods Newborn guinea pigs were monocularly lid-sutured. After 21 days of deprivation, the eyes were removed and dissected to provide scleral samples for anterior and posterior regions. Results The collagen density of sclera at the posterior regions of the deprived eyes were significantly smaller than that of untreated eyes and normal eyes ( P 0.001) . Those at the anterior region of all the experiment eyes had no statistical differences ( P 0.05). In form-vision deprived animals, the difference of the refractive status between the deprived eye and untreated eye was significantly correlated with that of the collagen density between the deprived eye and untreated eye (r = 0.866, P 0.001) . Conclusion Significantly lower level of collagen density in the posterior region suggests that collagen accumulation is preferentially reduced at the posterior region of deprived eyes.
Purpose To discuss the relation between blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthusinversus syndrome (BPES) and visual development, and to evaluate the clinical characteristics and the genetic progress of BPES from November 1992 to July 2003.Methods 34 cases of BPES were retrospectively revewed.Results All of the 34 cases were treated by surgery. 16 of these cases had cycloplegic refraction, 14 cases had amblyopia with different severity; and 7 cases had family history of this condition.Conclusion The risk of refractive error and amblyopia in patients with BPES is much higher than that of normal population,so careful regular visual follow-up and early surgery are necessary.
Purpose To provide anatomic date for the stapes operation of otosclerosis by means of measuring the common anatomic data and analysizing the relationship between the adjacent structures in the stapes surgery. Methods The angle of incudostapedial joint, the vertical distance of the long process of incus to the stapes footplate and the thickness of the stapes were measured. The relation of the fallopian aqueduct and the oval windows were observed. Results The angle of incudostapedial joint is 86.5± 8.6°, tlie distance of the long process of incus to the stapes footplate is 3.58± 0.35 mm, and the thickness of the stapes is 0.31 ±0.03 mm. 90% of oval windows were totally exposed, and 10% were half covered with facial nerve. Conclusion The normal angle of incudostapedial joint is not absolutely 90°. The length of stapes prosthesis equals to distance of the long process of incus to the stapes footplate plus the thickness of the stapes plus 0.5 mm. The low positioned facial nerve may impede the placement of the pison.
Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of coblation plasma for the reduction of the volume of inferior turbinate. Methods 38 paitents complaining of chronic nasal obstruction and failing to respond to medical treatment were enrolled. The patients associated with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were chosen by radiofreqency with two or three punctures in each turbinate treated and evaluated at the third day, the second week, the first month, the third months, the six month and one year after surgery. Results Surgery were finished in ten minutes without postoperative pain, crusting or bleeding. Turbinate hypertrophy was significantly reduced to different degrees and the subjective symptom was improved. The best curative effect was showed within four to six weeks. Conclusion The surgery of coblation plasma is a simple operation. It is novel atraumatic technology capable of reducing the volume of turbinate effectively and causing minimal discomfort to the patients. However, because of the short follow-up, future investigations are needed to be fully evaluated.
Purpose To study the effect at chromatic lights on RPE cells secretion of TGF-β,and to discuss the role of RPE cells in the transmission of chromatic lights. Methods We irradiated the second generation RPE of cells with red (772 nm) ,yellow (590nm),blue (480 nm) and collected the conditioned culture medium after 4,8,12,24 and 48 hours. We assayed the concentration of TGF-β in the culture medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the extraction of total RNA of RPE cells having been irradiated by chromatic lights for 24 hours, we detected the mRNA expression of TGF-β by RT-PCR.Results The results of ELISA indicated that RPE cells can secrete TGF-β.RPE cells secreted different amout of TGF-β at different time after they were exposed to chromatic tights of different wave-lengthes. The mRNA expression map of TGF-β is different after the RPE cells have been irradiated by different chromatic lights for 24 hours. Conclusion Chromatic lights probably cause the stop of protein synthesis of RPE cells, thereby having different effects on the growth and development of eyeballs.
Purpose To evaluate the predictive role of oncogene p53 and proliferative marker Ki67 in primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods The author studied a series of 48 primary hypopharyngeal carcinoma and metastasis lymph nodes immunohistochemically. The correlations of each score, according to the intensity and percentage of labeled cells with TNM stage, pathological grade, metastasis and prognosis were analyzed. The difference of expression between primary tumor and metastasis lymph nodes was calculated.Results The positive rate of p53 was 50% in primary tumor and 25.2% in lymph nodes. The percentages of Ki67 labeled cells were 0~70% with an average of 14.15% in primary tumor and 7.23% in lymph nodes. The percentages of Ki67 and P53 labeled cells in lymph nodes were much lower than in primary tumors. The difference of expression between primary tumor and lymph nodes showed significant difference ( P 0.01). Conclusion There was significant difference between primary tumor and metastasis Lymph nodes of p53 gene and ki67 expression.
Purpose Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) play an important role in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This study was designed to evaluate the role of u-PA and TGF-β1 in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by detecting its expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Methods u-PA and TGF-β1 expressions in 84 laryngeal carcinoma samples and 10 normal mucosa were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results u-PA expression level had a correlation with tumor stage, and lymph node metastases (P0.05) , but had no correlation with tumor differentiation, and location ( P 0.05) . The level of TGF-β1 increased in the majority of tumor tissues (89.29%) and all of the lymph node metastases. TGF-β1 expression level had a correlation with the stage of tumor tissue ( P 0.05) , but had no correlation with the tumor differentiation, and location ( P 0.05) . There was significant difference of expressions of TGF-β1 and u-PA between tumor and normal tissues( P 0.05). Conclusion The abnormal expression of u-PA and TGF-β1 plays a role in the development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
