The use of photocatalysts as low-cost, accessible, thermally and mechanically stable, non-toxic, and reusable compounds with high UV radiation absorption capacity opens a new pathway for the removal of dissolved, suspended, and gaseous pollutants, even at trace concentrations. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are two of the most widely used photocatalysts for the elimination of contaminants in wastewater and air (Ghamarpoor et al., 2024). The objective of this work is to dope TiO2 with ZnO. This process aims to shift the activation from the ultraviolet (UV) range toward the visible spectrum (Coronado et al., 2025; Caudillo-Flores et al., 2021). The methodology employed for the synthesis of the doped particles was the hydrothermal method, a well-established technique for obtaining crystalline nanoparticles (Byrappa & Yoshimura, 2001). This method consists of mixing the precursors for 30 minutes and subjecting them to continuous heating for 6 hours at temperature variants of 125°C and 200°C. Once the materials were obtained, photocatalytic degradation tests were conducted for both pure and doped particles. The results show a variation in values at a temperature of 125°C, while values remain constant at a temperature of 200°C.
- Recognition of Power-Transformer Protection is a veryimportant task for the power system operation. In this work, a hybrid of wavelet transform and neural network (WNN) approach is introduced for PTP (Power-Transformer Protection) events classification.The PT(Power Transformer) waveform is first decomposed by four levels Daubechies-4(db4) waveletanalysis and the decomposed waveforms then be processed by the NN for PTP event classification. (4) By utilizing the WNN, the PTP event recognition system can be implemented with minimum neurons and produces maximum attainment. Furthermore, this technique can accommodate maximum training patterns automaticallyreconsider the ANN system. The proposed approach is implemented in a simulation program to verify the validation and classification accuracy.
In any construction where value for money is the watchword, the quantity surveyor, cost expert and economist of the construction industry are invaluable. But in Nigeria, the relevance/value and services of the quantity surveyor are not maximized especially in civil and heavy engineering projects. It is therefore hard to find consultant quantity surveyors in roads and bridges, petrochemical, oil and gas, rail and other heavy engineering projects. This is not acceptable in global best practice. Some argue that the quantity surveyors competence is limited to building and housing construction and has no competence to cost and manage engineering projects. This paper advocates that the quantity surveyor both by training and experience in construction and engineering technology has the competence to give and enable clients of all forms of construction project delivery to get value for their money. A comparative study approach using ten substructure projects was tabulated. It revealed that in projects where qualified professional quantity surveyor was not involved, clients and developers could not obtain value for money. Structured questionnaire was also administered to practitioners/stakeholders in the construction industry. Data collected was tested using z-score tool at 5% significance level. Respondents significantly agree that quantity surveying services are very relevant to successful delivery of Heavy Engineering construction projects. External threats from other profession usurping the duties of the quantity surveyor, lack of publicity of the quantity surveyor, ignorance of global best practices are some factors that contribute to the situation. An earlier proposal by The Federal Ministry of Works to create a separate department for quantity surveying in ministries requires a positive consideration.
The United Nations have since 1975, taken special interest in the development of the women/girl child through initiatives, strategies, policies, and programmes.One of such is the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing China, 1995.The aim of that conference was to advance the development, empowerment and equality of the female gender with their male counterpart.The full impacts of these efforts remain to be maximized in the headship of professional bodies in the built environment by women in Nigeria?The emergence of the first female national president of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors in November 2015 prompted the need for this study.The aim of this paper is to investigate the interest of the female gender in governance and headship positions.Data for enrolment and graduation of females in quantity surveying from 2005 to 2015 was collected from four higher Institutions of learning.Descriptive statistics and percentages were used to analyze data collected.Findings showed increase in the enrollment and graduation of the female over a ten year period.The monotony and dominant posture of men, tradition, and politics of number in favour of men were some factors that discourage women from rising to headship positions.However, since one of the advantages of open tendering is the discovery of hitherto hidden and unknown talents, it follows that unless women are given opportunity, those of them that have innate abilities and potentials in governance and administration may never be discovered.The paper advocates increased career enlightenment and membership drive, a quota and zoning arrangement of appointments for female gender into positions/offices at chapter and committee levels and probable review of the constitution.
The aim of this paper is to use an empirical approach to examine FOSS in respect of its key characteristics i.e. Usability and Maintainability. The different sub-characteristics of above mentioned characteristics and their subsequent attributes were envisaged in order to accomplish the task of FOSS exploration concerning its primary characteristics. The various attributes of FOSS were explored that are available in existing literature. The identified attributes were taken into account so as to empirically analyze FOSS. The existing attributes selected from the related work for this empirical swot up were mutually accepted by the participants at the time of conducting the pilot study. This research endeavour also takes into account the understanding, awareness and activities of diverse kinds of people allied with FOSS in one way or the other. The association of Usability and Maintainability of FOSS was also hypothesised and established through statistical analysis using fisher's exact test.
In this paper we propose a high frequency unity power factor correction resonant converter for electronic ballast lamps.The change in the switching frequency of the converter changes the output voltage amplitude of the converter also changing the harmonic distortion in the output voltage and current.To maintain the input current shape the converter employs small energy tanks reducing the THD of the input current.The efficiency, THD of the converter are analyzed in MATLAB Simulink software with respect to change in switching frequency and presented in this paper.
The present work describes the application of Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for Hathikund station located along with Yamuna River India city.CCME WQI was applied using six water quality parameter (DO, BOD, pH value, FC, Ammonia and WT).Based on the results obtained from the index, the Yearly water quality of Hathikund River ranged between the ranges of 20-83 which indicate that river has the worst quality due to effect of various urban pollutant sources.This work confirms the need to take a serious action for monitoring the river for proper management, This work will focuses on finding the seasonal variation, deterioration, severely affected stations and complete evaluation of status of water quality of Yamuna river using the Canadian council of ministers of environment (CCME) approaches Almost 200 million people This work will focuses on finding the seasonal variation, deterioration, severely affected stations and complete evaluation of status of water quality of Yamuna river using the Canadian council of ministers of environment(CCME) approaches in India do not have access to safe and clean drinking water and 90% of the country"s water resources are polluted.As per an estimate by C.P.C.B. in 2011, only 29 % of wastewater generated is being treated in urban centres having population more than 50,000 in India and 71% as untreated waste water is being discharged to our rivers, streams and lakes, making them highly polluted.(Report TOI.April 2013), so the sewage pollution caused by ordinary Indian town & village can be imagined.
Cotton is cultivated primarily for its boll fibre and little use is made of the cotton stalk.The cotton stalks are breeding ground for pests therefore the stalks are normally burnt in the field creating air pollution.Cotton stalks were collected from farms through random sampling and subjected to natural water retting and there after mechanical decortication and categorised according to their location relative to the stalk as top section, middle section and bottom section fibres.The physical properties of the cotton stalk fibres was characterised by tensile strength, moisture regain, linear density, diameter and fibre length tests.These results were analysed using one way multivariate analysis (MANOVA) in SPSS with three levels being one for each section of the stalks to test the statistical significance of the differences of the fibre properties from different sections of the cotton stalk.Pillais trace test showed that there was statistical significant difference between fibres from different locations when considered jointly on the variables tensile strength, elongation, fibre density, fibre diameter, fibre length, linear density and moisture regain.This test was followed up by Tuskey's HSD post hoc test which showed which parameters varied between which sections of the stalk.
Netiquette is a word which is combined from two words-Network and Etiquette.In fact it is a portmanteau word.With the growing importance and need for internet the world has been reduced into a global village.This is one of the benefits, but it has also made the communication into a very complicated process.The internet enlarges the vistas of human mind but has actually narrowed down the values of the human heart.In the existing global scenario the importance of netiquette has increased tremendously as the "human" today is rarely divorced from technology.There has been an amazing transformation i.e. a Cyborg Ian shift of the human being.This paper is an attempt to address the issues related to etiquettes and the responsibilities required for networking.Despite the flow and exchange of information in various channels as Facebook,mailing,lists,blogs, forums and chats etc. the question still remains whether communication is taking place in all these forms in an effective manner.
Résumé : Ce que l’on appelle intégration des progiciels de gestion intégrés (PGI), conduit généralement à une refonte du système d’information de gestion, et à une remise à plat des procédures de gestion en place, lesquelles peuvent être par la suite réorganisées suivant les orientations stratégiques ciblées par l’entreprise. Les principaux problèmes commencent lorsqu’il s’agit d’intégrer les fonctionnalités spécifiques à l’entreprise dans le PGI. Entre la standardisation des processus de gestion et la personnalisation du PGI, les entreprises semblent être souvent en quête d’un équilibre qui reflète la cohérence de leurs choix et de leurs décisions avec leurs orientations stratégiques. C’est sur ce thème que notre présente recherche se positionne. Elle vise dans ce cadre à explorer les différents choix stratégiques effectués par une PME Marocaine pour intégrer un PGI. C’est sur la base de ces choix que nous avons tenté de décrypter les différentes modalités adoptées pour intégrer ces progiciels. Abstract : What is called integration of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) usually leads to a rebuilding of management information systems, and to a revisit of management procedures that can be thereafter reorganized according to the company’s strategic orientations. The main problems start when one wants to integrate specific functionalities of a particular company into the ERP. Between the standardization of management procedures and the personalization of ERP, companies often seem to look for a balance that reflects the coherence of their choices and decisions according to their strategic orientations. It’s this topic of balance which constitutes the heart of this dissertation. This research aims to explore the various strategic choices done by Morrocan SME to integrate ERP. It’s on the basis of these choices that we have tried to decrypt the different modalities adopted to integrate these softwares. Mots clés : Changement organisationnel, Intégration organisationnelle, Management stratégique, PME, Progiciel de Gestion Intégré (PGI).
Ultrasonic vibration (UV) turning is a method with micro-scale high frequency vibration on the cutting tool to make the tool-workpiece interaction a periodically separation and the direction of the friction between tool and chip changed in each cycle of the ultrasonic vibration .The investigations show that the turning efficiency,the micro topography of machined surface can be improved and the ware of cutting tool, the deformation zone in a workpiece can be reduced by the application of the ultrasonic vibration machining. Finite element software simulation are performed on turning in this paper to clarify the advantages of applying tool ultrasonic vibration. The separation-contact process of ultrasonic vibration cutting and compare of ultrasonic vibration cutting force and normal cutting cutting force are studied.
The granulometry of fine aggregates is a fundamental test for the production of quality concrete [1], for this reason the American Association of Materials Testing (ASTM) has created a standard where it shows a granulometric ideal curve (formed by an upper bound and a lower limit), mentioning that the fine aggregate used for the preparation of concrete must be within these limits [4].At present, there are many mathematical models that predict fine aggregate granulometry, but none of them conforms to ASTM specifications [5]. For this reason, the need to elaborate a mathematical model arises that doescomply with those specifications.In this paper, different mathematical models were analyzed and compared with the ASTM C-33 granulometric curve.An equation was also designed that predicts fine aggregate granulometry with a Maximum Aggregate Size (MAS) of 4.76 mm and meets the requirements of ASTM C-33.
This paper described the development of PIC-Microcontroller based fully-automatic blood pressure monitoring system with GSM communication.Traditionally mercury Sphygmomanometers are used for blood pressure measurement; however the mercury sphygmomanometer method is manual and is mostly understood by expert.Later, Oscillometric devices often referred to as automatic devices are introduced; automatic blood pressure devices do not require observer participation beyond placing the cuff on the arm and noting the digital blood pressure readout.The objective of this paper is to enhance the existing automatic blood pressure devices by adding GSM communication facility so that health personnel can monitor a patient's blood pressure (BP) and heart rate from a remote location without requiring being physically present.PIC16F877A microcontroller is used to interface the blood pressure module to the GSM modem, the microcontroller control the overall operation of the device, blood pressure module is used to read the blood pressure and heart rate and communicates the result at 9600 baud rate to the microcontroller, which then display the result on an LCD and uses GSM for communicating the result by SMS directly to the health personnel's mobile phone.The system is physically constructed and its performance is tested using PIC microcontroller Development Board.The system operates successfully.
-This work was devotedto examining the effects of fly ash geopolymer mixed with 15% Barium Sulphate on radiation attenuation using Gafchramic XR-QA2 film. The fly ash geopolymer with 15% Barium Sulphate made high attenuation at energy of 120 KVp. In this study, the maximum radiation attenuation value of 99.43% was obtained by the design shielding box. The X-ray machine was used as a source for X-rays. While the Gafchramic XR-QA2 film dose was measured by the optical density equation, the ion chamber is used for dose measurement.
The development of motor vehicle brake pad using locally available raw material is presented.The disc brake friction lining with the geometrical specifications of a Toyota Camry 2000 model was produced using palm kernel and coconut shells powder as base materials, epoxy resin (araldite) as binder materials and carbon as fibre reinforcement, aluminum, copper, zinc and cashew nut shell were used as abrasives rubber dust from shoe as filler.The experiment conducted, it was revealed that the co-efficient of friction of the pad material ranged from0.4-0.65,scratch hardness of 80-85, bonding strength of 25-27Kg/cm 2 and wear rate of 0.025mm/min to 0.06mm/min as compared to the conventional brake pad material that has hardness of 80-85, bonding strength of 25-27kg/cm 2 and wear rate of 0.03-0.08mm/min
A Hybrid Power Control System (HPCS) that gives out a single output has been designed to enable the automatic operation and transfer of power supply from three sources (public utility supply, photovoltaic system and ac generator). The Hybrid Power Control System provides a functional system that provides an automatic switching of power supply between the primary source (public utility) and two alternative sources (photovoltaic system and generator). The method employed in designing the HPCS involves the use of contactors, ATMEGA16L microcontroller, relay and motor drivers as part of the major components in the design. Also incorporated in the HPCS is a 12Vdc and a 5Vdc power supply unit, optocouplers and a liquid crystal display (LCD) for displaying the status of the HPCS at any particular time. The hybrid power control system demonstrates its ability to perform automatic power change over activities with no human interaction.
Statistical process control (SPC) is one of the important approaches used in quality management. SPC can be applied in plants to obtain good quality and high standard products that have become very popular in many industries. Fuzzy process capability analysis by using X-R control charts gives more realistic results, developed with fuzzy theory. Fuzzy control charts are more sensitive than SPC. Therefore, fuzzy control charts lead to producing better-quality products. In this study, total color difference parameter (ΔE) was studied using fuzzy observation on a calcite grinding plant products. For this purpose, color parameters of the grinding plant products were evaluated using triangular fuzzy number (TFN) and fuzzy process capability indices (PCIs). The results show that the mill plant seems to be under control. Therefore, on a randomly selected sample used in the fuzzy statistical process control work was chosen and other color parameters such as whiteness index (WI), saturation index (SI), hue angle (H), browning index (BI) and yellowness index (YI) and particle size properties, XRF, XRD, FTIR, TGA-DTA and SEM were then determined on the calcite sample.
A software can be described in terms of its characteristics. These characteristics can be further subdivided into sub-characteristics and their corresponding attributes. The basic idea generally remains the same i.e. to analyse the software in terms of its working, performance, cost and complexity. All these aspects lead to the software evaluation. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is no exception in this regard.The basic idea behind carrying out this research endeavour was to analyse FOSS in terms of its important characteristics likeDeploybility and Maintainability. The purpose of such study was to establish the association between these two vital characteristics empirically. Apart from this, two very important issues related to FOSS, were also taken into account. It was tried to find out how and what help FOSS professionals seek when they encounter some problem in their routine or specialized tasks. Another matter of concern was to know if people involved in FOSS do require some training sort of activity for the betterment of their FOSS related activities. The survey results signify that seeking additional knowledge through one way or the other does improve proficiency. The probable dependency of the two characteristics on each other was also established.
In the existing policy framework for the expansion of transportation facilities, in order for sustainable green growth, there has been a paradigm shift towards reducing impacts to the urban environment and realizing a low-carbon ecological polis. In particular, there has been a necessity for a mobility management policy framework that can change peoples' psychological and environmental perceptions to induce a willingness to change individual behaviors towards the reduction of private vehicle use. In line with these policy needs, Suwon City in South Korea implemented a Korean mobility management policy framework through the EcoMobility World Festival 2013. This study analyzed citizens' awareness and satisfaction of residential environments. Through the analysis, this study provides a practical approach for the effective implementation of ecological polis projects.The results of the analysis of the satisfaction with residential environments found that the festival contributed to an overall improvement in citizens' satisfaction with the pedestrian environment and air and noise quality. The improvement was found to be attributed to advertising in the media, holding public consultations and participating in the EcoMobolity World Fesitval 2013 Suwon. Particularly, the analysis showed a change in peoples' perceptions towards an interest in pollution in the environment and the importance of people over private vehicles. While there were negative perceptions and concerns towards a car-free city prior to the festival, upon experiencing ecomobility through the festival, overall satisfaction increased among citizens. While there were various obstacles throughout the preparation stages, after the festival, citizens' awareness of the coexistence between the natural environment and people was widespread and led to a shift in citizens' awareness. The shift in awareness levels is expected to be a driving force in establishing a mobility management policy framework, and the results of this study will contribute as valuable policy implications in proposing a policy framework for future ecological polis projects.
Initial and boundary value problems of the inhomogeneous Airy’s and generalized Airy’s differential equations are considered in this work. General solutions are expressed in terms of the Nield-Kuznetsov functions of the first and second kinds, and are computed when the forcing function is a constant or a variable function of the independent variable.
