After several announcements last years, the recent successful flights with Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson as passengers have brought the space tourism topic back at the top of news headlines. Indeed, several projects have undergone incremental and careful development steps last years to ensure a sufficient reliability of such flights with passengers on board. The perfect re-entry of both the New Shepard system of Blue Origin and the Unity system of Virgin Orbit in July 2021 are now opening the path for commercial space tourism flights, with several hundreds of candidates having paid either substantial advance payments or even the total ticket price and a rising demand after these demonstrations. This evolution can be compared with the first flights in the aeronautical field starting in 1919, when, at the end of WW1, experienced pilots and proven (ex-military) planes were used to carry air tourists at short turn-around flights. This rapidly evolved a few years later in regular commercial Point-to-Point air traffic, with the first air connection Paris London Paris. We can easily forecast a similar evolution in suborbital transport of cargo and passengers after the first wave of space tourism. Similar as with the first aviation tourism, where passengers got a first sensation of flying and were then brought back to the starting point after a few minutes, suborbital space experience will soon evolve in so called pointto-point suborbital flights, covering intercontinental travel in 60-80 minutes in one go, which now takes up more than 21 hours, like a trip London-Sydney with one stopover. This article will focus on the feasibility of such development, focusing in the first place on the potential business case and the economic rationale. It will be demonstrated that for ‘time-poor, cash-rich’ people such suborbital intercontinental travel will be a viable option and a potential market.
Agro-tourism is a form of rural tourism that has actively developed in recent years. Tra Que Vegetable Village has developed this type of tourism to meet the needs of visitors to visit and experience. However, Vietnamese tourists' satisfaction of agro-tourism in the village has not been giving sufficient attention. The purpose of this study was to find the level of Vietnamese tourists satisfaction and factors that contribute to the levels. Tourist participants responded to questionnaire of the survey in terms of the levels of their satisfaction from one to five points scale among ten criteria of evaluation. The results indicate that three of these ten factors, included infrastructure, agricultural experience activities, and restaurant service play crucial roles, contributing directly and significantly to the general tourists' satisfaction and the model. Focusing on upgrade, development of these three elements will further enhance the Vietnamese tourist satisfaction, gain more benefits of the villagers if those factors are improved, directly contribute to the ago-tourism development of in Tra Que vegetable village in the future perspective.
In Bali, Pura is considered sacred by the inhabitants and protected by local regulations. The development of tourism facilities to support tourist activities often intersect with efforts to maintain the sanctity of the temple. The current study was conducted to identify violations in the use of the sacred temple area as tourism support facilities. This study made use qualitative and quantitative data to support findings. In gathering the data, 3 techniques of data collection were used, namely observation, interviews, and document collections. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting respondents. The data was analyzed using inductive logic, where syllogism was built based on specific information to generate common conclusions. The findings showed that there are various violations in the use of sacred temple areas of Pura Khayangan Jagat Batu Bolong and Pura Bhujangga Waisnawa. The temple's sacred area were used as tourism support facilities; in total of 82 buildings were developed in and surrounding the areas, including hotels, restaurants, and public services. Other violations were breaking operating hour and the use of temple facilities to support business. There is a need to overcome the violations through collaborations of government and the local inhabitants.
This paper offers a sympathetic review to the environment and studies of tourism big data, including the general features, types, analytical technics and research progress of tourism big data. It uses the case of TSE model to illustrate the challenges of conducting tourism big data research. In doing so, it argues that the key of using tourism big data is to make good use of heterogenous data structure from multiple sources. This requires sophisticated technics and innovative analytical frameworks that allow us to explore potential mechanisms subsumed in our world but hard to be identified and verified by traditional methods.
This research aims to assess factors motivating university students stay in private hostels. A simple random sampling technique was adopted with a sample size of 100 respondents used for this study. A twelve motivating factor variables consisting of parental influence, peer influence, university housing policy, proximity to campus, internet connectivity, security, water and power supply, cleanliness, comfortability, privacy, serenity and adequate space were however, used. The results indicate that privacy, comfortability, proximity, cleanliness and university housing policy are the most leading motivating factors. Whereas peers and internet connectivity have less influence on students stay in private hostels, gender was seen as a significant motivating factor influencing students stay in private hostels. The study recommends that students must consider security as a top priority, as it is significant for their welfare and safety.
With the development of the internet, many internet users have the opportunity to access a different world. Thanks to the fact that users can access virtual tours outside their environment. Through virtual reality entertainment can be arranged many activities such as design and simulation. The purpose of study of the people with the development of technology in their lives especially one of the sports of aviation activities in the entertainment field of virtual reality and applications that are used to evaluate the use of hang-gliding activities in terms of tourism. This study examines the use of virtual hang-gliding flights as a substitute tourism application in tourism. Some basic problems and problems related to the integration of this application with tourism are analyzed and some suggestions are made for future applications regarding the use of VR in tourism. In this study, we searched the literature review in this area through Google scholar, Scopus and online sources and the SWOT analysis was made by evaluating the collected information. The purpose of using SWOT analysis in the study is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these applications in terms of tourism by evaluating the studies and applications related to virtual hang-gliding. Another aim is to determine how strengths can be developed through opportunities and how threats that can affect weaknesses can be eliminated. As a result, even if this technology is perceived as a threat, it is concluded that it is an effective promotion and marketing tool for tourism.
Although the centrality of landscape to tourism is unquestionable and already a broadly established scientific area of research, much remains to be explored and understood regarding their interrelatedness. The objective of this research was to investigate, analyze and assess notions and perceptions of the reciprocal relationship between the landscape and tourism through an electronic survey among European researchers and scientists of relevant and associated academic fields. This was achieved with the aid of an interview questionnaire survey, focusing on the experts’ (a) perceptions/understandings and visions of future optimization of the reciprocal relationship tourism–landscape, (b) their conceptualizations of landscapes of tourism, and 9c) their assessments of the prospects (opportunities) and challenges (threats) coming out of the close tourism–landscape relationship, both for the tourism industry and the local societies involved. Our findings point to an emergence of a definition for “landscapes of tourism”. The experts elaborated on the high significance of the tourism–landscape relationship, through well-balanced and realistic opinions vis-à-vis the positive and negative aspects of the researched relationship but leaning towards its negative aspects. Overall, the findings reveal significant social sensitivities, environmental concerns, support for the principles of sustainability, locality, participatory governance and a call for appropriate governmental planning.
Humans last walked on the Moon in 1972. We not only have gone no further with in-person expeditions to places off Planet Earth, we have not even been back to the Moon. The main motive for getting to the Moon back then, Cold War competition, may have subsided, but competition for economic and scientific advantage among nations has continued, and has failed to ignite further human exploration of worlds beyond our planet. Nor has the pursuit of science, and the pursuit of commerce and tourism, in their own rights. This essay explores those failures, and argues for the integration of a missing ingredient in our springboard to space: the desire of every human being to understand more of what we are doing in this universe, why we are here, our place and part in the cosmos. Although science may answer a part of this, the deepest parts are the basis of every religion. Although the answers provided by different religions may differ profoundly, the orientation of every religion is to shed some light on what part we play in this universe. This orientation, which also can be called a sense of wonder, may be precisely what has been missing, and just what is needed, to at last extend our humanity beyond this planet on a permanent basis.
The present study is carried out from the literature review and dependent and independent variables are identified for the research from the literature review. In the beginning I have gathered different literature reviews for the study and of bicycle tourism on health conscious travelers. Based on the literature review, the objectives have been framed and software has been utilized for the objectives. The study is totally focused on the cyclists and I have selected the people with the age group from 16 years to 50 years’. This study is restricted to the areas in North Bengaluru. The methods used in the study are Hypothesis and Correlation. From all the methods, I have utilized KMO test, Descriptive analysis, Reliability Test, Total Variance tests for the research. From all the above tests, I have identified the relation between the variables which have been selected from the literature reviews. The survey is conducted through framed questionnaires gathered from 52 respondents. From the responses gathered, I have done different tests like Correlation and framed Hypothesis tests. From the results, I have observed that the variables Environment and Attitudinal element showed more significant Co-Relation among the variables. The tests have displayed the relation for each dependent and independent variables separately.
Tourism is one of the most important industries and the second fastest growing sector in the world. According to (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2019) Travel & Tourism grew by 3.9% in 2018, only next to Manufacturing, which grew by 4.0%. The sector contributed $8.8 trillion to the global economy (10.4% of global GDP) and also across the world, more than 319 million jobs were supported by the sector in 2018. This represents 10.0% of all employment, or one in every ten jobs worldwide.
This study applied the Fama-French three-factor model to examine the relationship between market risks, book value, market capitalization and time in market for hotel REITs. Findings suggest that hotel REITs that were significantly correlated with all three factors had the highest number of years on the market and highest mean market capitalization. Conversely, those that were not significantly correlated with the three factors had shorter time frames in the market and had the lowest mean market capitalization. Findings also indicated that the higher the market capitalizations, and the longer they existed in the market, the more risk exposure they faced. This could explain the trend of hotel REITs to change their ownership structure and or convert their business format after a few years in the market.
MICE Tourism is one of the key revenue spinners of travel and tourism economy in modern times. UNWTO recognizes the inherent strength of MICE industry and has been instrumental in identifying and popularizing MICE destinations across the world. As per ICCA rankings, India has improved its position substantially in the recent times, when it hosted 175 meetings in 2018-19 compared to 143 for the previous year, thus leaping and improving its position by seven positions from 31 in last year. The estimated Global market size for MICE is in excess of USD 808 Bn in 2018-19 which is going to touch down to 1200 bn in 5 years from now. The estimated market size of MICE in India is Rs 37576 crores in which nearly 60% comes from MIC i.e. meeting, incentive and conference. It is also important to mention that 65% are B2B events. The estimated market size from Event is in the tune of Rs 4800 crores from space rental but it has multiplier impact to economy in terms of accommodation, travelling.
Experts in the tourism industry believe that the issues of this industry can be pursued from a marketing perspective, but it seems that the main dimensions of marketing such as market finding, market creating and market managing are influenced by the policy model in this industry. Therefore, the two concepts of policy and marketing can be considered very closely. In this study, qualitative findings show that the causal conditions of the model include product, price, location and promotion, and the underlying factors include characteristics and mentality, intervening conditions include elements of policy, security, physical evidence and individuals; Strategies also include elements of planning, sustainability, processes and participation, research and training, and budgeting. Data collection was done through questionnaires and interviews with three groups of managers, experts and specialists in the industry. The results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between policy dimensions and marketing dimensions based on the proposed (conceptual) model. Also, according to the proof of research hypotheses, the final research model is the same as the conceptual model.
The main aim of this review is to divulge the major ecotourism resources of Lake Hashenge and its environs and the challenges these resources are facing with. The paper has made use of a summative approach of content analysis methods in reviewing the published and unpublished literatures. The review indicates that though Lake Hashenge and its environs are endowed with several ecotourism attractions like natural, cultural, archaeological and historical resources, these resources are threatened with great anthropogenic factors as well as natural enigmas. Hence, developing ecotourism in the area is a timely issue to solve these anthropogenic and natural problems of the area.
It has been observed that tourism enhances the growth of the economics of developing nations because the industry relies on natural and cultural resources to attract tourists. Tourism can facilitate the development of infrastructure to tourist destinations located in rural areas, which lack amenities, thereby enhancing the quality of life of the community and its residents. Previous studies across the world have highlighted the relationship between tourism, community development and resident satisfaction. In Nigeria, this relationship has not been widely investigated as a subject of tourism research. Therefore, the study investigates the tourism impact on the quality of life of the host community in Idanre. The study employed the use of case study research design using qualitative (interview) and quantitative (questionnaire) methods. The population of the study comprises the residents of Idanre. 200 respondents were selected through simple random sampling techniques while the collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The results are presented in table, chart, figure and plate. The findings reveal that cultural festivals celebrated at Idanre hill and the attraction site have positive impact on the socio-cultural and spiritual benefit (such as contributing to cultural preservation and boosting the morale of the community) which influence the quality of life of the community resident positively. Also community residents have a positive perception towards economic and environmental impacts of tourism on their living conditions (such as health status, social lifestyle and environmental condition). The hypothesis test shows that a significant relationship exist between perception of resident towards impact of tourism and the resident age distribution and involvement in tourism. In conclusion there is a significant relationship between perception of community residents about tourism impact and their age distribution and involvement in tourism business and activities which is validated by social exchange theory.
World cruises are a marginal part of cruise tourism, but they offer a unique maritime leisure experience for their passengers through special itineraries. Actually, world cruises offer both round-the-world trips that are long duration and short itineraries in the region, which depending on the global layout of the cruise ports and the spatial distribution of the regional cruise homeports. This makes the world cruises, at the geographical level, show the characteristics of globalization and regionalization simultaneously.
Every nation desires to preserve distinctive features of the achievements, traditions and culture of its predecessors. Hence, the people at the helm of affairs leave no stone un-turn to preserve the features of their glorious past. Incorporation of heritage studies at primary schools is a step towards the same purpose. This land of Pakistan is very rich in archaeological sites because it remained a hub of different civilizations. These sites need good management and preservation. This study on the status of cultural heritage education at primary level aimsto create awareness in the students about their history and to teach them how important is to learn about their cultural assets. The research employed mixed method by following two pronged strategy. In the first phase, curricula of selected primary schools were thoroughly studied to find out the courses of cultural heritage.In the second phase, a questionnaire comprising questions regarding cultural heritage awareness was distributed among the students of primary schools in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan.The study found some in significant contents of culture heritage in the syllabi of the English and Science whereas, useful and significant contents related to culture heritage was found in the syllabus of Social Studies.Results, however, indicated significant student’s awareness with regard to the contents on culture heritage and the school role in inculcating the same.This research study is fruitful enough to play a part in providing material for the curriculum with regard to the national heritage and its significance. Furthermore, the study proves to becrucial in line with making pedagogical decisions and drafting preservation laws and policies for the endurance of the historic structures.
Assessing the environmental, cultural and economic impacts of the Cruise Line Industry (CLI) is an important step in ensuring the long-term sustainability of a destination. With proper planning and implementation, tourism has the potential to make positive contributions to destination ports for the long term. Caribbean islands have been popular cruise destinations for CLI tourism for many years, including American cruise tourism to Cuba when the U.S. government allows it. In order to assess and minimize the impact of CLI tourism on destinations, it is important to conduct marine near-shore and land near-port analysis on the ports used by CLI. This paper provides a short review of Planning and Preparation for Cruising Infrastructure: Cuba as a Case Study and how it determines the potential CLI impact on Havana, Cuba’s port and near-port infrastructure as compared to similar Caribbean destinations, including the methodologies used to do so.
Space tourism has received three literal liftoffs in the past year, and science fiction about space travel is flourishing, with new Star Trek seasons and Isaac Asimov’s Foundation series streaming this fall. All of these both kindle and express our sense of wonder, but the pathways to space are still expensive and dangerous, and they need to be connected to the taproots of our sense of wonder In religion and science fiction, so those pathways stay open and strong.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in the global economy. By the end of the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had brought international travel to an abrupt halt and significantly impacted the tourism industry. For many developed and developing countries, the tourism sector is a major source of employment, government revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Without this vital lifeline, many countries may experience a dramatic contraction in GDP and a rise in unemployment. Just like the other industries the pandemic has also greatly affected the education too, which is a crucial determinant of the economic future of a nation. In an effort to control the spread of the pandemic most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions. In India, too the government was nowhere far behind in imposing nationwide lockdown. Tourism is also one of the industries to have suffered a major setback and so is Tourism Education. It is reasonable to assume that this impact will be here to stay for a fairly long time. Unlike the other industries which have resumed with norms of new normal the hospitality industry too will have to adapt, and very fast, to the post Covid-19 era. This pandemic is clearly a sign of changing times and human behavior. It is also an event that has given rise to push to digitalization of businesses, especially in the education sector. A new set of skills will be needed for a new way of doing hospitality: new ways of sitting the customers in a restaurant, of welcoming them in a hotel or flying them to their dream destination. And with the entire industry currently racing to adapt and transition to the new way of doing business, the hospitality education sector will also have to transform its curriculum, making it relevant to a post Covid-19 context by focusing it on teaching a much needed new set of skills. Adapting the business model, innovating the customer experience, re-thinking the offer and the overall product delivery.
