The Digital India is a programme of the Government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Digital land record of villages is one of the important components of information system which plays a vital role in making this type of society Land record system is primarily managed manually in the country using registers and cadastral maps in the form of papers, clothes which are very rough, tempered, torn and in a bad condition. Thus, the record keeping and updation of the village level information is a big challenge. Preserving, updating and retrieving these records needs integration of the information in a single framework. This paper presents the development of village level geospatial framework which highlights the three growth areas among nine pillars of Digital India. It encapsulates the digitization, geodatabase preparation, topology, and geospatial framework development using revenue (Khasara) maps, Google earth imagery data and GIS technology.
Tsunami is a coastal hazard which occur due to undersea earthquakes, Meteorite falls, volcanic eruptions or even nuclear weapon operations. The tsunami hazard which occurred in December 2004 was generated due to an undersea earthquake 400m west of northern Sumatra and it inundated coastal areas of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and India. This hazard became one of the worst disasters in the history resulting in over thirty thousand fatalities and over seventy thousand house damage in Sri Lanka. This study is focused towards creation of GIS based Tsunami risk map for Galle city which was badly hit by the 2004 Tsunami. Tsunami vulnerability was assessed using weighted overlay spatial method with input parameters of population density, sex ratio, age ratio, disability ratio and damaged building ratio. Tsunami hazard map was developed based on tsunami inundation map which was published by Coastal research and design, costal conservation and resource management department with assistant from Disaster management centre using the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT). Vulnerable and hazard maps were analysed and incorporated to develop final risk map using GIS tool. Keywords GIS; Tsunami Inundation Map; Tsunami Risk Map; Vulnerability; Disaster
In general, living close to a river is advantage, but there is always of flooding risk, that recurrence in recent decades provokes serious material damage and loss of life. Thus, in order to protect environmental health, economic viability and human activity zones of Mayo-Danay, a careful study of components of natural environment, mainly soil, has proved essential. Clearly, use of GIS in management of natural disasters is most relevant method, designed on integration, Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) and spatial data. Thus, Digital Elevation Model is obtained by manual digitization of contour lines, in order to define the large pedological sets on which wells have been opened, profiles described, soil samples taken and analyzed in laboratory. Main results reveal that soils are sandy to clayey, with neutral and basic pH (7 to 8), high CEC and low organic matter. While, quartz is predominant, associated with smectites, illites, feldspars and iron oxyhydroxides. Updated soil map shows five soil units (1) vertisols with hydromorphic characters (26%), (2) tropical ferruginous soils (32%), (3) less evolved hydromorphic soils (15%), (4) halomorphic vertic soils (9%), and (5) hydromorphic vertic soils (18%). It is an excellent tool for work and research, that responds to agronomic and development problems. It is therefore an excellent tool for work and research, which responds to agronomic and development problems. The multi-criteria spatial analysis establishes hazard and vulnerability, crossing of which gives of flood risk areas map, according to hazard level, very high (12%), high (16%), moderate (14%), low (30%) and very low (28%) risks. For this purpose, it emerges that rainfall is relatively low (700 mm/year), but falls very abruptly during short periods, at high intensity with flows exceeding the infiltration capacities. Morphology of low-slope "yayrés" (280 m) (2‰) is bordered by high landscape (500 to 1400 m) that prevent flow of many rivers that converge into plain. Sandy soils dominated by quartz favor fast rising in water table, while very clayey soils governed by 2/1 clayey (smectites) whose behavior induce waterproofing and intense surface runoff that generate flooding. Evidently, land use change leads to transformation of natural spaces into agricultural and urban environments, which makes soils more compact and impermeable, favorable to flooding. Keywords Soil; Flood risks; Mapping; Mayo-Danay Division; Spatial data DOI: https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.501
The delay in transportation of ready mix concrete has become a common issue in civil engineering construction industry which wasted millions of rupees. This report is prepared as a part of the research conducted on developing a GIS based tracking system for truck mixers and a system to find the best route in transporting ready mixed concrete. Furthermore, it focuses on determining (VRP) feature in network analysis extension in ArcGIS. A shape files of road network in Colombo area was created using an open street map. The road network was mapped on the open street map shadflies using polylines. For this research, batching plant established in Colombo 14 and three construction sites in Kollupitiya and union place were considered. Relevant coordinates for both batching plant and the construction sites were imported to the map. Before caring out the final simulation, various constraints were assigned to ready mixed plants as well as for the routes such as one way restrictions etc. The traffic flow of the specific routes has been observed in two time frames such as normal peak hours (07:00 hrs. to 20:00hrs) and off peak hrs (20:00hrs to 7:00hrs). The main objective of this research is to developed an optimum delivery plan for truck mixers by using Arc GIS software and provide a guideline to develop this concept to be used in a much larger scale for beneficial of construction industry Keywords ArcGIS; ready mixed concrete; tracking system; Network planning
In this study, an integrated suite of Remote Sensing (RS) data and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques supported by fieldwork is used to assess the sand dunes movement hazards at El-Kharga Oasis. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection (ASTER) were integrated with GIS techniques to model the vulnerable locations and to study the terrain characteristics (slope angles and aspects) in the studied area. The risk assessment model output was verified with the field investigations using multi-temporal satellite images recorded between 1990 and 2019. Monthly wind roses showed that the sand drifts in the southeastern direction differed widely from one direction to another depending on the wind direction and velocity. The most important output of the spatial model’s, results was a geo-hazard map that classified the sand dunes hazard zones into low, slight, moderate, and high-risk zones. It is concluded that, the sand dunes pose a serious hazard because of their fast movement and accumulation near the monumental sites, over roads and invading the agricultural fields. The obtained results can serve as a basis for planners and decision-makers to take the necessary precautions and measures to minimize the sand dune hazard’s impact on the monumental sites (e.g., Hibis, El-Nadura, El-Ghueita and El-Zayyan), roads, and the agricultural fields at El-Kharga Oasis and lead to a sustainable development plan. Keywords Environmental Hazards; Sand Dunes Movement; Remote Sensing; Risk Assessment, Egypt
Soil properties may be varied by spatially and temporally with different agricultural practices. An accurate and reliable soil properties assessment is challenging issue in soil analysis. The soil properties assessment is very important for understanding the soil properties, nutrient management, influence of fertilizers and relation between soil properties which are affecting the plant growth. Conventional laboratory methods used to analyses soil properties are generally impractical because they are time-consuming, expensive and sometimes imprecise. On other hand, Visible and infrared spectroscopy can effectively characterize soil. Spectroscopic measurements are rapid, precise and inexpensive. Soil spectroscopy has shown to be a fast, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-destructive, reproducible and repeatable analytical technique. In the present research, we use spectroscopy techniques for soil properties analysis. The spectra of agglomerated farming soils were acquired by the ASD Field spec 4 spectroradiometer. Different fertilizers treatment applied soil samples are collected in pre monsoon and post monsoon season for 2 year (4 season) for banana and cotton crops in the form of DS-I and DS-II respectively. The soil spectra of VNIR region were preprocessed to get pure spectra. Then process the acquired spectral data by statistical methods for quantitative analysis of soil properties. The detected soil properties were carbon, Nitrogen, soil organic matter, pH, phosphorus, potassium, moisture sand, silt and clay. Soil pH is most important chemical properties that describe the relative acidity or alkalinity of the soil. It directly effect on plant growth and other soil properties. The relationship between pH properties on soil physical and chemical parameters and their influence were analyses by using linear regression model and show the performance of regression model with R2 and RMSE. Keywords soil; physicochemical properties; spectroscopy; pH
With the development of the technology, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are more prominently used in construction field for surveying. Because of low time consume and easy to get data at unreachable places also. At present, large scaling topographic maps are obtaining using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry method, therefore UAV photogrammetry has replacing traditional survey method like total station. But don’t know how much accuracy it has, with comparing traditional survey methods. The accuracy may be consisting on the terrain conditions. So, it is better to check which terrain conditions have more accurate and which terrains are in very low accuracy. And also, accuracy of results may be depending on the accuracy of the topography software. Level terrain, vegetation area, build-up area and slope area were obtained during the research. Selected the Kantale sugar factory area in Sri Lanka, to understand the different terrain conditions. The results showed that the UAV results are more accurate with level terrain conditions and accuracy is low with other terrain conditions. Keywords Drone survey; Topography; UAV; Total station; RTK
This study has been carried out in the Pathankot region, having strategic importance in terms of military operations. It explores the ability of remote sensing and GIS in assessing off-road trafficability which is integral part of terrain intelligence. Number of thematic layers has been prepared using Sentinal -2 satellite images and PALSAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM) viz. LULC, Slope, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Terrain Roughness Index (TRI) and ground conditions to assess the potential of off-road trafficability in the study area for military operations. Results clearly depict that most of the region is suitable for off-road movement. However, north western part is showing less suitability. Keywords PALSAR; Multi-criteria Decision Analysis; AHP; Trafficability
The spatio temporal evaluation of melting snow and ice is important, among other things for studying climatological and hydrological applications. The knowledge of melting and freezing cycles of the seasonal snow cover is essential for water resources management and flood forecasting. Microwave remote sensing is a promising tool to characterise the melt and freeze over a large spatial scale and frequent temporal basis. This study attempts to use the Ku band dual polarization satellite SCATSAT-1 launched by ISRO with a scatterometer on-board with an enhanced spatial resolution of 2.2 Km to analyse the melt and freeze conditions in the Shyok basin, which is a sub-basin of the Indus river basin. The backscatter measurements from SCATSAT are helpful in identifying melt and freeze due to its sensitivity to the water present in the illuminated region. This study aims to adopt an adaptive threshold technique to identify the melt and freeze conditions, where the winter mean and maximum standard deviation and drop in backscatter due to the water content in the snow forms the basis to identify the melt and freeze conditions of the snow covered area. Spatio-temporal variability was observed in melt onset with 18% area under melt onset in the month of June, 2018. Onset in the month of April and May was less in comparison to June. Melt incidence maps were generated for major melt months of April, May and June and were categorised into 5 categories. April observed melt for 1 – 5 days, whereas a part of the study area was in melt condition throughout the month of June. A derived snow cover map was validated with Soumi_NPP derived snow cover with correlation of 0.96, indicating that SCATSAT can be used for snow cover retrieval over Himalayas by observing melt/freeze. Availability of daily SCATSAT data makes it possible to generate daily melt incidence maps. https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.467
Occurrence of Landslides has become a major impact considering the damage a landslide can do in a quick time. Among the natural hazards the country is exposed up to now, severe landslides are the upcoming major issue since it can affect to the lives of people too. In this case study from Aranayaka area, a method is developed to analyses and identify landslide prone areas. The methodology of the research includes collecting terrain data, building a model using geographic information system (GIS), satellite image processing, preparation of a landslide susceptibility potential map and giving recommendations on the landslide hazards. Among the factors that influence a landslide such as drainage, bedrock condition, slope angle range, land forms and etc. (published by National Building Research Organization), the foremost controllable and mostly varying factor. In this research, landslide prone areas are identified using the land use data. Identification of landslide hazards plays an important role in disaster management and risk controlling since a severe landslide can affect several aspects such as human lives, agricultural aspects, economic activities and transportation. This paper includes the background of the entire research that has developed up to current situation. This method can be used around the world as well as in the country.
Colombo city is the commercial capital and the largest city in Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to the Greater Colombo area which includes Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte. It is the financial Centre of the island as well as a popular tourist destination. As the vast development in the city and the increase of the need of people, People used to gather in the city as well as around the city. So the land requirement of the city is being increased in various ways. So that monitoring the land use against the land use requirement is essential to identify the land use changing patterns in the city. The objective of this study is to detect the land use changes in the Colombo city Municipal Council area between years 2000 and 2016 using spatial data, non-spatial data of Colombo city and analysis data using GIS software.
Traffic congestion is an enormous problem at peak hours in western province. Existing transport system is not capable to overcome these complexity situations. Therefore, Srilankan government needs to find out different mode of transport to save time and money and finally economy of the country. In the past history, there was a rich water transportation system over the country. Specially, the western province has a well-distributed network of inland waterways, comprising of main rivers, streams, canals, lakes, and tanks. Most of the time, the existing waterways were used for freight transportation (timber, sand, brick, and tiles. compare to Public transportation. The study is to determine the efficient use of waterways for the public transportation focusing the travel time and fuel consumption. The existing water way network was map and find availability of other network connectivity using ArcGIS and Google Earth Pro software. Then compare it with an existing public transportation mode (bus) and checked the suitability of usage of water transportation as an alternative to reduce the existing traffic congestion problem. And proposed water way transport system, that capable of potential and strategic way to reduce the traffic congestion problem in Colombo and its sub urban areas.
Over the past few decades Sri Lankan tourism has been a story of untapped potential. The responsible parties have been unable to expand the footprint of tourism due to the lack of vision, coordinated planning and strategic commitment to the actions undertaken to accomplish a country's goal. Beyond question, the present tourism industry occupies an integral part of the economy of Sri Lanka. As a result, the negative impact of rapid and uncontrolled tourism development has become an inevitable critical issue. Regarding the indicated facts, this paper offers a remarkable aspect of tourism management defining proper land use patterns via GIS (Geographical Information Systems) for the identified tourism destinations in order to develop the tourism industry further on a both environmentally sustainable and economical platform. The study discusses the capabilities and shortcomings that are possible to encounter, brief description on GIS contribution and also the author's perspective relating to the future tourism strategic plan. Rooted in a GIS based analysis, the author anticipates to design a general framework to evaluate the proper land use systems as well as an infrastructure in effective transformation towards eco-tourism in Welipenna area through Bentota and Meegama river along with novel suggestions in conclusion.
Sugarcane cultivated in Brazil deserves attention because it makes the Country the world's largest producer of sugar and ethanol.The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a methodology for sugarcane mapping in Paraná State, Brazil using temporal series of the MODIS EVI, for 2010/2011 to 2013/2014 crop seasons.The methodology included supervised classification Fuzzy ARTMAP, taking as input variables such as terms of harmonics amplitude and phase, and phenological metrics of culture.Area estimates indicated a moderate and strong correlation (rs), ranging from 0.62 to 0.71 comparing with IBGE official data and from 0.79 to 0.87 with the Canasat data.To assess mapping accuracy, Canasat vector maps were used as reference to build the confusion matrix.The method developed based on Fuzzy ARTMAP proved efficient to map and estimate the acreage of sugarcane in the State of Paraná, due to digital processing techniques used in homogeneous samples, selection of phenological seasonal metrics, and decomposition of images in accordance with harmonics and supervised training.These together minimized the neural network forecast errors.Results indicate that the methodology is appropriate for sugarcane mapping.
Effective interpretation of remote sensing images acquired by space borne and air borne sensors requires various mathematical and statistical operations to be applied to them. Importance of use of various mathematical and statistical operations on Remote Sensing Images enhances manifold if the research/project work requires analysis of large number of these images. A large number of commercial image processing software are available in the market to support the requirement of implementation of various Mathematical and Statistical operations on remote sensing images. However, the cost of commercial software is very high; therefore, they are not affordable by schools and few institutes where sufficient funding is not available. Looking at the requirement of a freely available image processing software to perform various mathematical and statistical operations on large number of remote sensing images or a multi-band image, a GUI based image processing software has been developed to help those who want to work and explore remote sensing data but doesn't have sufficient funds to purchase costly software. Based upon the objective of the software, the name of the software has been decided as MASC (Mathematical and Statistical Calculator). This paper is about 'MASC' GUI which performs operations similar to 'mathematical and statistical operations on various bands' tool of some of the commercially available software. 'MASC' software is very useful in image enhancement and interpretation. The aim of this paper is to explain the various features of 'MASC' software. It is developed in MATLAB 2013a along with some java libraries whose functions are incorporated with the MATLAB code to enhance the look and field of the GUI and make it user friendly. https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.480
Geospatial technologies have created new opportunities for handling spatial information and are becoming more frequently used in many fields. As with other information and communication technologies, receiving growing attention in many disciplines where exerted efforts have been made to take full advantage of their rapid developments. Today, geospatial tools are employed in various fields related to urban management and planning, where they have become important tools in improving decision making. This, in turn, has led to a substantial demand for a qualified workforce able to harness the potential of these technologies. This study focuses on geospatial technology workforces working in the agencies responsible for service delivery in residential neighbourhoods in the city of Riyadh. The Delphi technique was used to understand the needs of the workforce and to highlight the aspects that can support users of these technologies to improve related activities. The study found that there is a shortage of qualified professionals who can bring about the desired outcomes regarding the potential offered by the use of these technologies. Issues of awareness, capacity-building and retention of qualified employees, along with lack of incentives, pose similar problems preventing the development of relevant activities. The results provide a number of strategies that may contribute to positive changes that can be implemented to overcome the challenges.
Invasive Alien Species are serious threat to the natural ecosystem of the world. Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC is one such species introduced in India as a solution for desertification and to meet the fuel wood demand, but it has spread to various habitats and competes with the native species. The present study focuses on the spatial mapping of P. juliflora using Resourcesat – 2 Linear Self Scanning LISS (IV) Imagery through supervised classification and recoding methods. The influence of water bodies and road network on the distribution of P. juliflora and the variation in NDVI values of P. juliflora from various distances from the water body was assessed using buffer analysis. The results showed that .94% (4404.37 ha) of total geographical area of the district is occupied by P . juliflora with Viralimalai taluk contributing highest area (1083.49 ha) among the various taluks. Of the 4404 ha area under P. juliflora in the district, 2386 ha falls within the 1 km distance from rivers and streams while 1705 ha area falls within the 1 km distance from road. The percentage of Prosopis patches falling in higher NDVI category showed a decreasing trend when the distance to the water body and streams increased. https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.479
The current work was implemented to introduce an exclusive description for fertilization of an area equivalent to 50459.04 hectare situated along El Bahria Oasis Road – Giza Governorate, Egypt. GIS and GPS techniques were implicated in this study. Soil survey was carried out where the main physical, chemical properties and fertility parameters were engaged. The studied area was classified into two orders; Aridisols and Entisols. Geographic database for the soil properties and nutrients under study were built up and digital maps were produced. Land evaluation was done according to Storie & Sys and others; Land capability of the studied area showed four classes namely; II, III, IV and V with respect of storie). The land suitability for some crops (winter crops, summer crops and orchard trees) were appraised for the area under investigation and exported to GIS to be displayed in digital maps. Taking into account the contents of the nutrients present in soil the Fertilizer requirements for suitable crops were estimated; spatial analyst tools in Arc/GIS were used to create digital maps for the requirements of key figures nutrients (N, P, K) calculated in kg /hectare; The resulted map for fertilizers needs could be considered of enormous potential for precision farming application. https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.473
The water quality in Murchison Bay of Lake Victoria, the Africa’s largest fresh water lake, is on decline due to rapid urban sprawl, decrease in vegetative surface and increase in impervious surface of the drainage area resulting in eutrophication of the lake. The objectives of our study are 1) to analyze the nutrient and metal concentrations in the Murchison Bay; 2) to identify and map the long-term landscape changes in Murchison Bay Watershed (MBW); 3) to analyze the impact of the landscape changes on the water quality of Murchison Bay. Water samples were collected from Miami Beach (MB), Ggaba Beach (GB) and Mulungo Beach (MuB), along the Murchison Bay and analyzed for various metal and nutrient concentrations. Landsat satellite imagery, sampled over three decades (1995-2019) of the MBW were analyzed for the land cover changes. The chemical analysis of the water samples showed that the P concentrations were above the critical limits while the As and Pb concentrations were higher but remained below the critical limits in water. The remote sensing analysis reveal that the impervious surface in the MBW increased by about 21.9% while the vegetative surface decreased by 4.2% during the period of 1995 to 2019. The Chlorophyll a concentration in the Murchison Bay increased over the period of time resulting in deterioration of water quality. Integration of environmental chemical analysis along with geospatial data aids in understanding the impact of land scape changes on the Murchison Bay water quality and to identify the areas vulnerable to change. https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.474
