Objective To develop a military science college teacher evaluation scale( MSCTES),and also to assess its reliability and validity,so as to provide a tool for selecting and evaluating the teachers. Methods Based upon the previous competencey feature model of military science college teachers,and using subjective experience weighted average method as well as expert judgement,the evaluation index weighted system was established,which was then transformed into evaluation scale( MSCTES). The preliminary MSCTES became a formal MSCTES after pretest and revision. Then the formal MSCTES was used to evaluate 463 teachers by 237 evaluators( including teachers,leaders of various department,supervisors,and experts) in a military science college. Retest was given to the same subjects( 463 teachers) by 35 of the evaluators after 25 ~ 30 days. Results( 1) The internal consistency of subscales and total scale was good( Cronbach's α =0. 779 ~0. 862),retest reliability was also good( coefficient =0. 806 ~0. 866).( 2) The first time exploratory factor analysis of the scores of MSCTES and self-report scale showed three factors( achievement,ability,and quality) were extracted. The second time exploratory factor analysis showed the same three factors were extracted,which explained more than 50% of the total variance. The score of diligence,ability,total achievement,and total score in good teacher group were significantly higher than in ordinary teacher group( P 0.05,P 0.01). Conclusion The military science college teacher evaluation scale has good reliability and validity,so could be used as a quantifying tool to select and evaluate the teachers.
Objective To investigate personality trait,psychological defense styles and parental rearing pattern of recruits with adjustment disorders and the correlativity among them,so as to provide a guide for preliminary screening for recruits' enlisting and mental intervention. Methods Fifty- four recruits with adjustment disorders(AD group) and 59 normal controls were assessed by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Defense Style Questionnaire( DSQ) and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran( EMBU). The scores of two group's major factor were compared one by one,and a correlation analysis was made with the major factor of the adjustment disorders in three scales. Results The results of EPQ indicated that the scores of Extraversion / Introversion factor in AD group were evidently lower than the control group( P 0. 01),while the Neuroticism's were higher than the control group(P 0. 01). The results of DSQ indicated that the scores of Immature Defence Mechanism and Intermediate Defence Mechanism in AD group were evidently higher than the control group( P 0. 01),while the scores of Mature Defence Mechanism were lower( P 0. 01). The results of EMBU indicated that the father had lower scores in warm emotion( P 0. 01),higher scores in severe- punishment,exceeding interference,rejection( P 0. 05),and the mother had higher scores in exceeding interference or over- protection,rejection,severe- punishment factors in AD group compared with control group( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). There were certain correlativity in some factors of EPQ,DSQ and EMBU in recruits with adjustment disorders. Conclusion The recruits with adjustment disorders have a high neurotic and introvertion trait,and immature and moderate psychological defense styles.These trait and styles are correlative with unhealthy parental rearing pattern.
Objective To preliminarily investigate the chronic fatigue syndromes and its influences factor on troops in a high humidity environment,so as to provide important basis for prevention and treatment of chronic fatigue in the high humidity environment. Methods A total of 7424 male officers and soldiers were investigated with Traditional Chinese Medicine( TCM) symptom questionnaire and Fatigue Assessment Instrument( FAI). Each factor scores of FAI and related factors were analyzed. Results The incidence rate of different degrees of chronic fatigue was 37. 6% in study sample,61. 3% of chronic fatigue sufferers had situation- specificity fatigue,fatigue- related psychological changes accounted for 61. 4%,and fatigue- related sleeplessness 79. 7%. The scores of each FAI factor in the troops with any of the TCM symptoms were significantly higher than that in the troops with no TCM symptoms( P 0. 01). The scores of S,PC and RTR / S of officers and soldiers over 30 years old group were obviously higher than that of officers and soldiers less than or equal 19 group( P 0. 05). The married had higher scores of S and PC than the unmarried( P 0. 01). The objects with university education had higher scores in each factor of FAI than those with high or middle school education( P 0. 01). Those who has worked 11 years or longer had higher scores of S,PC and RTR / S than those less than 3 years( P 0. 01). Officers had higher scores in each factor of FAI than soldiers( P 0. 01). Conclusion There are a certain proportion of chronic fatigue syndrome in the investigated army officers and soldiers which live in high humid environment. Its influence factors include age,marital status,education level,service years,staff categories,and presence or absence of TCM syndrome.
Objective To investigate the disease spectrun and constitution of the outpatients in a submilitary command organiztion clinic,so as to provide the basis for how to enhance the medical service efficiency of the medical organizations in the grass-roots units,and how to meet the demands for health care of soldiers and officers at the grass-roots level. Methods Using the outpatients' registration information from year 2009 to 2013 in a clinic,the statistic analysis on common diseases was conducted according to the conditions of military common diseases listed in military health statistic report forms,and monthly reports of out-patient. Results In 2009- 2013,the doctors in this clinic visited the outpatients for 2253 person-time; among which,the outpatients of division rank accounted for 23. 2%,regiment rank and below for 68. 0%,staff and armymens' families with free medical care for8. 8%. The first 5 orders of common diseases in the outpatients were: upper respiratory infection( 38. 6%),hypertension( 12. 1%),gastroenteritis( 6. 2%),diabetdes( 6. 1%),and tuauma( including training injury,5. 5%).The orders of common diseases were not the same in outpatients of different rank or duty,and in different years.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of the main common diseases found in this clinic,which had different distribution among different medical security objects; to improve the level of medical treatment in medical personnel themself; and to enhance the knowledge of health care in officers and soldiers at basic unit.
Objective To investigate the mental health status in new recruits and its changes in training period,in order to lay foundation for mental education for new recruits. Methods Symptom Check List- 90( SCL-90) were used to analyze mental health status of new recruits in three training period in an army. Results( 1) Compared with the new recruits norm and the military norm: 1 training for 7 days: the scores of interpersonal relationship,hostile,terror,paranoid,and psychotic were significantly lower than those in the new recruits norm and the military norm,but the scores of somatization and anxiety were significantly higher than those in both norm. 2training for 1 months: the score of somatization was significantly higher than that in the military norm,and the other8 factors scores were significantly lower than those in both norm. 3 training for 3 months: 9 factors scores were all significantly lower than those in both norm.( 2) The psychological status of female soldiers were better than those of the male soldiers,there was significant differences only in individual factor.( 3) Regularity of changes: 1 On the whole,the all 9 factors scores showed a downtrend in training period. 2 In gender,the all 9 factors scores in malesoldiers,and the scores of somatization,compulsion,depression,anxiety,paranoid and psychotic in female soldiers showed a downtrend in training period. 3 In educational level,9 factor scores of new recruits with high school,technical secondary school and university education showed a downtrend in training period,while the scores of interpersonal relationships,terror,paranoid,psychotic of new recruits with middle school education had no obvious difference in training period. Conclusion In general,the mental health status of the new recruits is good. The mental health status of female soldiers is better than the male soldiers,the education degree has an influence on the adaptability of the new recruits in the early and middle training period.
Objective To investigate and evaluate the growth and development of preschool children,in order to give a guidance to the health care for military preschool children. Methods A physical examination was carried out for 306 children( 3 ~ 7 years old) in a military straightening kindergarten and the results were evaluated and analyzed by Z scores. Results The height and weight of boys and girls in age of 6 to 7 group were higher than the national standard in 2005( P 0. 05,P 0. 01). The proportion of middle level of every growth indicators was the highest,when the Z scores was used to evaluate height,weight and head circumference. Obesity and overweight were found in all age groups,which showed a gradual rising trend with age; and the highest incidence rate of obesity and overweight in age of 6 to 7 group reached 30. 8%,and 20. 5% respectively. The weight loss and under weight found in three age groups( 3 to 4,4 to 5,5 to 6) showed a decreasing trend with age; their incidence rate was all 2. 4% in age of 3 to 4 group. The incidence rate of growth retardation phenomenon found in age of 3 to 4,and 4 to 5 group was 2. 4%,and 2. 2% respectively. Conclusions Generally,the growth and development of 3 to 7 years old children in a military straightening kindergarten are good; but there are still over-nutrition,malnutrition as well as other problems. Child health care should be henceforth emphasized especially in the military straightening kindergarten.
Objective To provide the evidence for effective prevention and control strategies,the main risk and protective factors of the morbidity of pulmonary tuberculosis in the military were explored. Methods One hundred and forty-six tuberculosis patients and 292 healthy controls were selected from the officers and soldiers in an army,and relevant informations were subjected for conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Seven variables of the 16 factors,including room ventilation,time to visit the doctor,body mass index,medical physical examination,history of contact with tuberculosis,medicines for prevention,history of BCG vaccination were screened and analysed by the univariate logistic regression and multivariate conditional logistic regression,the OR values of which were 4. 380,4. 037,1. 980,0. 228,4. 207,0. 157,0. 131 respectively( P 0. 01). Conclusions Poor home ventilation,late for visiting the doctor,emaciation,and history of tuberculosis contact are the main risk factors; while medical physical examination,drug prevention,and BCG vaccination are protective factors of suffering from pulmonary tuberculosiss.
Objective To investigate the incidence rate of waist training injury in artillery troops,in order to work out an effective prevention and treatment scheme. Methods In March 2014,A total of 281 soldiers from battalion A and B,who were recruited in an artillery regiment of Nanjing Military Region in 2013 September,were asked to complete a unified questionnaire. Through the analysis of the questionnaires,the prevention and treatment scheme about new soldiers' waist training injury was worked out. The scheme was put in force in 139 new soldiers from battalion C who were recruited in 2014 September. To the contrary,137 new soldiers from battalion D who were recruited in 2014 September were exempt from the scheme. In March 2015,all these 276 new soldiers from battalion C and D recruited in 2014 September were asked to complete the same questionnaire. All results were statistically analyzed. Result The incidence rate of waist training injury of new soldiers from battalion A and B who were recruited in 2013 September was 23. 6%,25. 5%,respectively( P 0. 05). With the implementation of the scheme,the incidence rate of waist training injury of soldiers of battalion C recruited in 2014 September dropt to11. 5%,there is significant difference between battalion C and battalion D( 22. 6%)( P 0. 05). Conclusions The incidence rate of waist training injury is high in new artillerymen. The prevention and treatment scheme may effectively decrease the incidence rate of waist training injury of artillerymen.
Objective To investigate the status of knowledge about HIV / AIDS,and to analyze the influence factors among troops of PLA,so as to carry out more corresponding AIDS prevention training programmes.Methods A total of 1010 army officers and soldiers were surveyed with self- designed questionnaire about knowledge understanding about HIV / AIDS,and SAS statistical software was used to analyze the survey results. Results There was 98. 2% of surveyed officers and soldiers who heard of HIV / AIDS,while only 16. 3% known well about HIV / AIDS related knowledge,and 89. 9% surveyed people wanted to get more knowledge about HIV / AIDS; In general,the score of HIV / AIDS related knowledge was 24. 8 ± 6. 9( totle score = 35); Then the average awareness rate about HIV / AIDS related knowledge among surveyed officers and soldiers was 70. 9%; Rank,education degree,residential areas before recruitment,and marital status were important influence factors to the status of knowledge about HIV / AIDS. Conclusion The awareness rate about HIV / AIDS related knowledge is relative high among troops,but the knowledge about HIV / AIDS officers and soldiers known is not enough and comprehensive;health education programme should be worked out according to different rank,degree of education,residential areas before recruitment and marital status,et al.
Objective To investigate the creativity and personality of military medical graduate students, so as to provide the foundation for personality training and management for them. Methods This investigation was conducted among 210 military medical graduate students using Cattell 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire( 16PF). Results The scores of five personality factors( reasoning,emotional stability,liveliness,social boldness,abstractedness) in military medical graduate students were higher than in national norm( P0. 01),while those of eight personality factors( rule-consciousness,vigilance,privateness,apprehension,openness to change,self-reliance,perfectionism,tension) were lower than in national norm( P0. 05). The discrete degree of warmth score was the highest,while that of perfectionism score was the lowest; the discrete degree of apprehension score in male graduate students was the highest; the discrete degree of liveliness score in female graduate students was the highest. There was a significant difference in rule-consciousness,sensitivity,vigilance,privateness,perfectionism,impetuous action and undisturbed intellect between male and female graduate students( P0. 01),but no significant difference( P 0. 05) in creativity which is close to 6 standard score. The secondary factors of personality characteristics such as adaptation-anxiety,coward-resolute type; introversion and extroversion,impetuous action and undisturbed intellect were of positive and negative correlation with creativity( r = 0. 158,r = 0. 707,P0. 05; r =-0. 449,r =-0. 240,P 0. 01). Conclusion The personality and mental health traits in military medical graduate students have their own patterns. The creativity of military medical graduate students is in the middle level; their personality characteristics have certain influence on the development of creativity.
Objective Creating influenza A virus( H1N1) BJ501 strain mediated pneumonia model in mice provides experimental basis for the study of pathogenicity,host adaptation,and drugs for treatment of influenza. Methods A total of 216 BALB/ c mice,6 ~8 weeks old,were randomly divided into 3 groups: influenza A virus( H1N1) BJ501 group,influenza A virus( H1N1) PR8( positive control) group,and PBS( negative control) group; and 25 μl of influenza A virus( H1N1) solution( containing PR8 or BJ501 6.40×104TCID50/ ml) was nasally inoculated into the mice. In the 13 days after inoculation,body weight were observed every 12 h,lung index and pathology were measured and observed in batches on the 1st,3rd,5th,7th, 9th,11th,13th day. Results The whole clinical manifestations in mouse pneumonia model were similar to the basic characteristics of human influenza A. The body weight in PR8 group was significantly lower than that in control group on the 3rd-8th day( P0. 05),whereas that in BJ501 group was lower than in control group only on the 7th day( P0. 05). Moreover,the body weight in BJ501 group was higher than that in PR8 group on the 3th,4th day( P0. 05). The lung index in BJ501 and PR8 group reached the peak on the 9th and 7th day respectively〔( 1. 88±0. 43),( 2. 73±0. 71) 〕. The pathological change of lung in PR8 group was more severe than that in BJ501 group. Conclusion A mouse pneumonia model was successfully established, and the lung inflammatory injury induced by BJ501 is less severe than that by PR8.
Objective To investigate the combined biological effect of γ- ray of 60Co,spalling neutron of 252Cf,and noise on rats,so as to provide theoretical basis for explaining the effect of combined environmental factors on the health of special operation population and for working out intervention measures. Methods Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and normal control group. The animals in experimental group were exposed to60Co γ- ray( 0. 5 Gy),noise〔( 90 ± 5) dBA〕,and spalling neutron of252Cf( 12 mGy). Peripheral blood,organ index,marrow DNA content,SOD activity,and MDA content were detected. Results: The level of platelet,spleen index,and thymus index in experimental group〔( 728 × 109) /L,0. 002,and 0. 0017 respectively〕 were significantly lower than those in control group〔( 838 × 109) /L,0. 003,and 0. 0022 respectively〕,( P 0. 05). The marrow DNA content in experimental group( A260: 0. 8862) was also significantly lower than that in control group( A260: 1. 3039),( P 0. 01). Conclusion The hematopoietic system and immune system of rats were markedly damaged by the combined effect of low dose γ- ray,spalling neutron,and noise.
Objective To study the relationship between job burnout and work stress in some military pilots,so as to provide the evidence for prevention and control of the pilot's job burnout. Methods A total of 500male pilots from 4 flight forces of different type of plane in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces were selected by cluster sampling. Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey( MBI-GS) was adopted to measure the pilot's job burnout,and the Work Stress Scale to measure the pilot's work stress. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the pilot's job burnout influencing factors. Results MBI-GS measurement showed that the total score of exhaustion was 7. 427 ± 5. 924,of cynicism 5. 720 ± 5. 720,of professional low self-efficacy 20. 809 ± 9. 460. There was positive correlation between job burnout and work stress( P 0. 05). The influencing factors of pilot's job burnout were: physical condition stress,interpersonal relationship,educational level,and family income. Conclusion The pilots' work stress has a significant effect on job burnout,so it is important to develop some reasonable measures to reduce the work stress.
Objective To explore the quality of life and its influencing factors of patients with HIV/AIDS in Shanghai. Methods Using the World Health Organization Quality of Life(WHOQOL-BREF) scale to survey 77 patients with AIDS and a semi-structure interview to question 118 patients with AIDS. Results The quality of life in patients with AIDS in Shanghai is poor in four aspects such as mental health,physical health,interpersonal relationship,and social environment. The obvious manifestations were as follows:having continuous sense of inferiority,low immunity,daily living function heavily impaired,getting limited social support,having heavy financial burdens. Coping style,self-consciousness,social support,physical health,and economic condition were the main influencing factors,which had interactive effect on each other. Conclusion The quality of life in patients with HIV /AIDS in Shanghai is significantly lower than the average quality of life in people without AIDS,and its influencing factors interact to each other.
Objective To provide the evidence for working out some measures to prevent and control hypertension by studying the effect of change in atmospheric temperature and pressure on the number of times to visit a doctor in an emergency for hypertension. Methods A time-series Poisson generalized additive model( GAM) was adopted to study the impact of 24 h atmospheric temperature change( ΔT),and 24 h pressure change( ΔP) on hypertension after controlling long time trend,week effect,holiday effect and other confounding factors including pollution factors and other meteorological variables. Results The relative risk( RR) of times to visit a doctor in old people( ≥65 years old),especially in male suffered from hypertension rose significantly when ΔT was decreased by more than 5 ℃. The relationship of RR and ΔP was presented as a U-shaped curve. Old men were sensitive to positive increase in ΔP,when ΔP increased by 1hPa,their visiting times increased by 2. 02%( 95% CI: 0. 33 ~ 3. 74, P 0. 05); old women were more sensitive to decrease in ΔP,a decrease in ΔP by 1 hPa corresponding to 2. 27%( 95%CI: 0. 78 ~3. 78) increase in visiting times( P 0. 01). Conclusion Acute change in atmospheric temperature and pressure,especially 24 h pressure change was the risk factor of hypertension and other related diseases.
Objective To study the clinical characteristics of masked hypertension and its effect on target-organ in war-ship seamen,thus to provide the basis for working out effective measures for prevention and treatment of it. Methods Eighty-four seamen〔including 24 with masked hypertension( MH),30 with essential hypertension( EH) and 30 with normotension( NT) 〕were studied by questionnaire,physical examination,24 h ambulatory blood pressure( ABP) monitoring,determination of blood biochemical indices and urine microalbumin. The data was analyzed by logistic regression statistical method. Results Among 24 cases of MH,ABP monitoring showed 8 cases of single systolic hypertension,12 single diastolic hypertension,and 4 systolic combined with diastolic hypertension. The level of blood TG,TC,and uric acid was higher in MH group than in EH,and NT group( P 0. 05,P 0. 01). BMI was higher in MH group than in NT group( P 0. 05); the level of fasting blood glucose( FBG),and waist to height ratio( WHtR) was higher in MH group than in NT group but lower than in EH group( P 0. 05). The detection rate of smoking,drinking,high intake of salt,hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia,and dyssomnia was higher in MH group than in EH group( P 0. 05,P 0. 01); the detection rate of self-rating strain,family history of hypertension,overweight and central overweight was lower in MH group than in EH group but higher than in NT group( P 0. 05,P 0. 01). The content of urine microalbumin was higher in MH group than in EH group( P 0. 05), and NT group( P 0. 01). Conclusion There are some clinical characteristics of MH,such as renal injury in warship seamen. Smoking,drinking,intake of salt,hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia,and dyssomnia may be the risk factors of masked hypertension.
Objective To explore the relationship between hardiness and work-family interference,or physical and mental health in grass-level political officers,in order to provide a new way for maintaining their physical and mental health. Methods A total of 110 grass-level political officers training at a military college were investigated with Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire( SF-36),Work Interference with Family and Family Interference with Work Scale,and Dispositional Resilience Scale 15-R. Results( 1) Grass-level political officers of different hardiness had significant differences in physical and mental health( P 0. 05,P 0. 01); moreover,those with higher score of hardiness had higher level of physical and mental health.( 2) Work-family interference had negative correlation with mental health( r =- 0. 194,P 0. 05); hardiness had significant negative correlation with work-family interference( r =- 0. 362,P 0. 01),and positive correlation with physical and mental health( r = 0. 511,P 0. 01).( 3) hardiness completely mediated between work-family interference and physical mental health. Conclusion Work-family interference has negative effects on physical and mental health of grasslevel political officers. In order to decrease the negative effects,it is necessary to cultivate the hardiness of grasslevel political officers.
Objective To provide the scientific evidences for health care of military cadres in Tibet through the study of blood lipid,serum uric acid and the detection rates of hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia. Methods A total of 1482 military cadres examined in a hospital were divided into several groups according to different age,or the height of altitude. Blood lipid,serum uric acid and the detection rate of hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia were studied. Results The detection rate of hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia was 35. 4% and 34. 1% respectively. The level of blood lipid,uric acid,detection rate of hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia were increased with the increase in age and altitude. Conclusion The detection rate of hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia was high in military cadres in Tibet. Carrying out health education and enhancing the self health care awareness are necessary for the prevention and control of related diseases.
Objective To investigate the prevalence,clinical features and related factors of tension-type headache(TTH)in some submarine soldiers,so as to provide the basis for working out the measures for prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods A total of 308 submarine soldiers from a navy force selected by cluster sampling were surveyed with the questionnaire. Results Seventy-three(23.7%) soldiers suffered from headache in the past one year. The prevalence of primary headache was 20. 8%,of tension-type headache 14.6%. Unilateral(51.1%) or bilateral(48.9%),non-pulsating pain(77.8%),and mild or moderate degree of pain(95.5%)were the obvious characteristics of TTH attacks in most submarine soldiers; phonophobia(53.3%)was the common accompanying symptom. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio value(AOR) of ≥30 years old subjects was 3.064(P 0. 05). Conclusion The prevalence of tension-type headacne was rather high in submarine soldiers. Age was the main risk factor for TTH.
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and etiological diagnosis of an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection in a military camp,so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of epidemic.Methods Among 663 soldiers,166 infectious cases were investigated using uniform epidemiological questionnaire to describe the characteristics of this infection. The etiological tests of 32 pharynx swab specimens were performed. The serum antibodies of 82 patients in acute and recovery phase were detected by neutralization test. Results One hundred and sixty-six cases were distributed in the camp with obvious dormitory aggregation,and the incidence rate was25. 0%. All cases had fever symptom,26( 15. 7%) cough,63( 38. 0%) pharyngodynia,34( 20. 5%) headache,3( 1. 8%) pneumonia,and 2( 1. 2%) conjunctivitis. Seventeen( 53. 1%) pharynx swab specimens showed adenorirus gene positive by polymerase chain reaction. Pharynx swab specimens were cultured with HepG2,Hela cells; and16( 50. 0%) presented cytopathic changes. IgM antibody screening demonstrated that among 82 cases,30 cases( 36.6%) were infected with adenovirus; and serum neutralization test showed that the adenovirus antibodies of20 cases( 24. 4%) in acute phase increased 4 times more than those in recovery phase. Ten days after patient isolation and general disinfection,no new case of adenovirus infection was found. Conclusion This outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection in a military camp was caused by adenovirus. Timely and reasonable preventing measures could control the epidemic.
