Data of 1408 Sonadi lambs born during 2012-2019 under Mega Sheep Seed Project at CVAS Navania Udaipur (Rajasthan) were analyzed to assess the influence of period, season, sex and type of birth on Kleiber ratio.The overall least-squares means along with standard error of Kleiber ratio -KR1 (0-3M), KR2 (3-6M), KR3 (6-9M) and KR4 (9-12M) were 13.16±0.30,6.59±0.33,4.04±0.31and 5.24±0.35,respectively.Effect of sire was highly significant (P≤0.01) on KR1, KR2 and KR3 whereas significant (P≤0.05) on KR4.Period of birth had highly significant (P≤0.01)effect on all the KRs.Season of birth had highly significant (P≤0.01)effect on KR4 only whereas sex of lamb had highly significant (P≤0.01)effect on KR2 only.Type of birth had significant (P≤0.05)effect on KR4 only.Estimates of heritability for KR1, KR2, KR3 and KR4 were 0.82±0.18,0.38±0.11,0.51±0.15and 0.23±0.13,respectively.Genetic correlation was negative between KR1 and other KRs whereas it was positive among other KRs.The estimate of phenotypic correlation among Kleiber ratios was negative and low to high.
The serum biochemical profiles of the animals under three groups were estimated by serum glucose, total protein in blood and serum cholesterol levels.The glucose level varied from 65.66 to 77.11, 50.03 to 63.78 and 55.22 to 68.66 mg/dl for the first, second and third group, respectively, with higher value at the time of service.The total protein level did not vary much among the animals under three treatment groups (64.45 to 78.55 g/l).The serum cholesterol level varied between 50.17 to 110.05 mg/dl among all the animals irrespective of groups.During prepubertal period this value was low, but it was higher during pubertal period, time of several other services and towards pregnancy for all groups of animals.
Present investigation was conducted on broilers aged 6 weeks at poultry unit of Livestock farm complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Udaipur (Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) India.There was highly significant (P≤0.01)impact of stocking density on drinking frequency from 2 nd to 6 th week among all treatment groups.The mean percentage for weekly drinking frequency was highest in D3 (21.25) followed by control group D2 (20.12) and D3 (19.77) respectively.Similarly locomotion (movement of birds) showed (P≤ 0.05) significant effect on stocking density from 2 nd to 6 th week among all the three densities.The mean percentage for weekly locomotion was highest in D1 (58.30) followed by control group D2 (55.05) and D3 (52.05) respectively.However, non-significant effect of cannibalism was observed in all the three stocking densities during the whole experimental period.In the current study stocking density had no effect on leg deformity in broiler chickens.There was no mortality in all the treatment groups over the whole research period.
Background: To record the occurrence of long bone fractures in young dogs and to evaluate the efficacy of Veterinary Cuttable Plate versus Reconstruction plate in long bone fractures of young dogs on the basis of clinical, haemato-biochemical and radiographic examination.Methods: The present study was conducted on 12 young dogs (3-10 months) irrespective of sex and breed having body weight <15 kg and were randomly divided into two groups containing 6 animals each.The animals were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using Veterinary Cuttable Plate (group I) and Reconstruction Plate (group II).Occurrence of long bone fractures, Clinical, haemato-biochemical and radiographic examinations were examined at different time intervals.Results: Transverse femur fracture due to automobile accident in non-descript male dogs below 6 months of age was most commonly observed.Veterinary cuttable plates provided complete weight bearing on affected limb by day 45 while Reconstruction plates provided the same by day 60 post-operatively.Radiographic interpretation revealed absence of radiolucent line in animals with VCP plate while discrete radiolucent line was observed in animals with recon plate by day 60.
There are different types of motility patterns in human but in case of buffalo but there is no literature about if there is any effect of different types of buffalo sperm motility patterns on freezability and fertilizing capability of semen.Therefore, the study has been designed to know the effect of ejaculates from different types of motility patterns in buffalo semen on freezability and fertilizing capability by sperm morphology and sperm plasma membrane integrity.We collect the semen and divide them into 3 categories (Normal, Slow and Fast non-directional motile sperm) on the basis of sperm motility patterns, then cryopreserved it and assessed sperm morphology and plasma membrane integrity and found slow motile sperm have lowest abnormalities than fast non-directional and normal motile sperm.
A full-term pregnant jenny was presented with a complaint of straining since yesterday and difficulty in foaling.There was a history of labour since the last night & rupture of the foetal bag, 6 hours ago.Fetal origin dystocia, with an anterior longitudinal presentation, dorso-sacral position with lateral deviation of the head, and one forelimb hanging out from the vagina and was identified.Due to insufficient room in the birth canal, manual recovery of the foal was unsuccessful; therefore, a caesarean section was performed.
The present study was carried out at Livestock Research Station, Bojunda, Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan on twenty-one Sirohi goat kids of about 6 months of age with uniform body weight.The overall average time of different behavioural patterns as grazing, browsing, drinking urinating and sleeping behaviour of Sirohi goat kids in the extensive group (T 1 ) was found to be 53.68, 226.38, 6.92, 3.01 and 378.24 (min/ day), respectively.The overall average time of different behavioural patterns as grazing, browsing, drinking urinating and sleeping behaviour of Sirohi goat kids in the semi-intensive group (T 2 ) group was recorded to be 48.31,217.42, 6.89, 3.01 and 375.96 (min/day), respectively.The overall daily average time of different behavioural patterns like drinking, urination and sleeping behaviour of Sirohi goat kids in the intensive (T 3 ) group was found to be 5.94, 3.04 and 496.19 (min/day), respectively.Behavioural time (min/day) for grazing and browsing in extensive (T 1 ) group was significantly (P<0.01)higher than semi-intensive (T 2 ) group.Behavioural time (min/day) for drinking in extensive (T 1 ) group and semiintensive (T 2 ) group was significantly (P<0.01)higher than intensive (T 3 ) group.The urination behaviour found non-significant difference among groups of three feeding management systems of Sirohi goat kids.Behavioural time (min/day) for sleeping in intensive (T 3 ) group was significantly (P<0.01)higher than extensive (T 1 ) group and semi-intensive (T 2 ) group.
The study was carried out to investigate the various estrus synchronization protocols for induction of estrus in pubertal anestrous Gir heifers.A total of 32 pubertal heifers that failed to exhibit estrus were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 08 heifers each.Three estrus induction/synchronization protocols viz.CIDR +PG (G1), Ovsynch (G2) and Cosynch (G3) along with one control group (G4) were evaluated for efficacy of estrus induction and synchronization.Estrus induction responses of 87.50%, 75.00%, and 75.00 % were observed in G1, G2, and G3, respectively; whereas, subsequent fertility response in terms of conception rates were obtained as 50.00 %, 37.50 % and 25.00 % in G1, G2, and G3, respectively.However, in control group (G4) no heifer showed sign of estrus during the experiment period.It can be concluded that induction of estrus and improvement in conception is possible with the use of different hormone protocols, viz.CIDR+PG, Ovsynch and Cosynch in pubertal anestrous Gir heifer.For treating pubertal anoestrus as well as for subsequent fertility, CIDR+PG was found to be most effective out of the three hormonal protocols followed by ovsynch and cosynch.
Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), also called black gold is an important species of husbandry animal in Nepal.Its multi utility roles in agriculture economy goes beyond providing milk, meat, manure, and draught power in many developing countries including Nepal.Buffalo faming is picking up commercial trend but issues, increasing cost of inputs, increasing resistance and troubleshooting of infective agents remains major hurdles to economic returns.A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the incidence of reproductive disorders in dairy buffaloes and its associated risk factors in Sudoor Paschim Province (SPP) of Nepal from November 2020 to February 2021.Out of 389 dairy buffaloes under investigation, 220 (56.56%) had encountered at least one of the reproductive disorders.The major reproductive disorders reported in the present study included repeat breeding (24.94%), followed by cervico-vaginal prolapse (8.23%), retention of placenta (6.68%), uterine prolapse (5.40%), dystocia (4.63%), abortion (2.83%), uterine torsion (2.57%) and still birth (1.29%).Overall, it is suggested that improvement in management system, breeding system, accurate heat detection, balanced feeding, and hygienic condition should be done to minimize the reproductive health disorders in buffaloes of Sudoor Paschim Province.
Serum hormone level was estimated to find out FSH, LH and total estrogen for all the animals under three treatment groups from 20 to 55 week.The FSH level (from 0.56 to 1.32 ng/ml; 0.91 to 1.91 ng/ml and 0.46 to 1.36 ng/ml for first, second and third treatment group, respectively) was higher in the second group; and third group had lowest level out of the three groups.The serum LH level (0.46 to 1.40 ng/ ml and 0.27 to 1.91 ng/dl in first and second treatment group, respectively) showed similar pattern like FSH.The total estrogen was higher in the first treatment group (1.08 to 4.2 pg/ml) than that of the second group (0.14 to 2.30pg/ml) and third group ((0.04 to 2.37 pg/ml)).The serum biochemical profiles of the animals under three groups were estimated by serum glucose, total protein in blood and serum cholesterol levels.The glucose level varied from 65.66 to 77.11, 50.03 to 63.78 and 55.22 to 68.66 mg/ dl for the first, second and third group, respectively, with higher value at the time of service.The total protein level did not vary much among the animals under three treatment groups (64.45 to 78.55 g/l).The serum cholesterol level varied between 50.17 to 110.05 mg/dl among all the animals irrespective of groups.During prepubertal period this value was low, but it was higher during pubertal period, time of several other services and towards pregnancy for all groups of animals.Regarding the serum trace mineral status, serum copper level showed higher value from 7 months onwards; serum zinc and iron level were almost similar in first and second group; and the third group showed lower value for all the trace minerals.All the good effects noticed in the first treatment group were due to the non-hormonal factors applied to them through nutrition and buck.The effects in the second group of animals was due to the nutritional effect, whereas, the third group showed poor performance without any support from nutrition and social interaction through buck.
A four-month-old prepubertal female goat was presented to RVP IVRI Bareilly, with the history of an abnormal growth in the vulva.On clinical examination the growth was found as prominent clitoris, and two peanut sized soft structures were palpable at the subcutaneous in inguinal region.Transabdominal B mode real time ultrasound of inguinal region revealed testis like morphology and presence of uterus and ovaries structures subcutaneously.The case was subsequently diagnosed as hermaphrodism.
The peculiarities of anatomic and physiologic features of dromedary camels are elucidated in this review and compared with Bactrian, camels, and other species.Both dromedary and Bactrian camel scrotum varies in length from 10-20 cm and the testes are in the perineal region behind the thighs (like dogs) and weigh from 80-90 gm and length varies from 10-14 cm.Compared to ram and buck, camel epididymis has a higher weight (20-46 g) and has a unique structure called the intra-epithelial glands.Both dromedaries and Bactrian camels do not have seminal vesicles.Male camels have specialized secretory glands behind the ears known as poll glands that are bigger in the Bactrian camels compared to dromedary camels and similar glands are not seen in any of the other domestic species.Camels have a special reproductive behavior during the breeding season known as rut and include extrusion of the soft palate, copious froth from the mouth, gurgling sounds, splashing of urine, increased secretion from the poll glands and loss of appetite with considerable reduction in body weight.Such behaviors are not evidenced by any other domestic species including buffalo.Serum testosterone rises substantially in male camels during rut (2-42 ng/mL) compared to the non-rutting season (0.6-8 ng/mL) and the resultant increase in the size of the testes, number, and functionality of Leydig cells and secretion of poll glands.The serum thyroidal hormones also increase significantly during the rut season.It is concluded that male camels have some special anatomic and physiologic features of reproduction not observed in other domestic species.
The present investigation recorded that the average litter size was 2.03 per doe and the prolificacy rate being 202.92%.The result indicates that the litter size proportion for single, twin and triplet were 28.3%, 40.4% and 31.3%respectively.The present study revealed substantial phenotypic variations among the goats bearing single, twin and triplet foetus.Based on stepwise discriminant function to find out month wise phenotypic descriptors, some important linear traits namely Punch girth (PG), Body Weight (BW), Rump Length (RL), Croup Height (CrH), Clearance of Sternum (CS), Distance between Tuber coxae (DTC), Distance between Trochanter major (DTM), Head-Rump Length (HRL), Body Length (BL), Curved Head-Rump Length (HRCL), Heart girth (HG, Pelvic Triangle (PLVT) and Wither Height (WH); were identified to be significant in discriminating the foetal numbers between groups.Out of these, HRL measurement might be considered as one of the best indicator for higher Litter Size (LZ) during the second, third, fourth, fifth parity.Other best suitable phenotypic descriptors like BL, CS, PG, PLVT and BW could be used to predict probable kidding size.
The present investigation recorded that the average litter size was 2.03 per doe and the prolificacy rate being 202.92%.The result indicates that the litter size proportion for single, twin and triplet were 28.3%, 40.4% and 31.3%respectively.There was a tendency of increasing body weight with higher litter size and such variation was highly significant (P<0.01).The result revealed that the overall mean age of first estrus was 209.08±2.06days.Maximum age of first conception was 226.18±5.39days when the animal gave single birth and the minimum AC was 216.65±4.9days when it produced triplet indicating that failure of conception was more in single bearing does.Service period were recorded to very significantly (P<0.01)among different litter bearing groups, the highest value was observed in triplet producing does (80.88±4.68days).This is an important finding to understand that, less Age of Puberty (AP), Age at 1 st Conception (AC), Days Open (DO) & Kidding Interval (KI) has prominent benefit for multiple foetuses and thus achieving economic benefit.
The present study was conducted to record various gross genital abnormalities of female genital organs in Marwari goats.A total of 115 genital organs were collected from municipal and local abattoir of Bikaner city, randomly.Slaughtered genital organs were segregated in 3 groups viz.healthy non pregnant, pregnant and abnormal groups based on their visual observations.The incidences of various gross genital abnormalities were recorded.Out of total 115 genitalia collected, 80 were found to be grossly normal (69.56%).The percentage of pregnancy wastage was 11.30% (13 out of 115).Over all 22 (19.13%)genitalia had abnormalities.The common genital abnormalities found were uterine infections (18), ovarian cyst (3) and parovarian cyst (1), respectively.All these genital disorders are causes a big damage to reproductive health of goat and if they are not diagnosed or treated early then they cause infertility.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most economically valuable transboundary and OIE-listed diseases caused by Capripoxvirus in the family Poxviridae.LSD should always be included in the differential diagnosis when cattle exhibit tiny nodules development in the head, neck, udder, rump, perineum, and leg area and elevated body temperature, respiration, and salivation.The economic potential of these diseases is of significant concern, provided that they threaten international trade and could be used as economic bioterrorism agents.Because of the scarcity of reliable vaccinations and the widespread poverty in rural areas, capripoxviruses appear to be spreading more widely.The best treatment for reducing the risk factors for the disease could be strict quarantine, vector control, and prophylactic vaccination.The goal of the current study is to give the information that is currently available on the disease's various aspects, including its clinicopathology, method of transmission, possible treatments, and diagnostic procedures.
A nondescript sow with the history of delivering eight piglets and one remain in uterus since three days but unable to deliver was reported.The case was diagnosed as dystocia due to uterine inertia and laparohysterotomy was performed under general anesthesia, one male dead piglet was recovered successfully.The animal showed uneventful recovery.
The present communication describes partial percutaneous fetotomy and per-vaginal delivery of emphysematous fetus in non-descript biparous ewe due to delayed approach to veterinarian by owner.It was successfully relieved by fetotomy and obstetrical mutational operations followed by clinical management of the animal.
The present study was conducted to observe the effect of percoll density gradient centrifugation on quality of semen.Ejaculates were collected by AV method from Sahiwal bulls.X-sperm enrichment was done by percoll density gradient method i.e. 7 layers (70-10%).Centrifugation was done at 750 g (22-24°C) for 15 min.The pellets obtained were diluted in EYC medium.Semen quality was evaluated in fresh semen (Control), in pellet of normal centrifugation (Group I), supernatant of centrifugation in percoll density gradient (Group II) and pellet of centrifugation in percoll density gradient (Group III).To assess the quality of enriched semen pH, mass motility, progressive motility, live spermatozoa %, abnormal spermatozoa %, HOST % and intact acrosome % were evaluated.Number of progressively motile sperms in pellet of X-enriched semen were non-significantly increased and significantly (P<0.05)decreased in supernatant.The abnormal spermatozoa (%) were decreased in G III as compared to G II Live spermatozoa (%) were increased in enriched semen (pellet).Number of Intact sperms decreased significantly (P<0.05) in supernatant of percoll density gradient centrifuged Sahiwal semen.HOST responsive sperms number was not affected after percoll density gradient centrifugation.Thus, the semen quality of X-sperm enriched semen by percoll density gradient method (7 layer 70%) was not affected hence it can be used to increase female calves' birth after A.I.
The present finding of a case reports revealed successful management of per-vaginal delivery of an indigenous male calf with multiple congenital anomalies like hydrocephalus, ankylosis and brachygnathism.
