AbstractEndodontic therapy usually achieves high success rates, yet persistent large periapical lesions may require surgical management. This report presents two cases of radicular cysts with cortical perforations treated surgically after failed nonsurgical root canal treatment. In the first case, a 55-year-old woman exhibited a large mandibular anterior lesion causing swelling and tenderness, while the second involved a 40-year-old woman with a palatal lesion extending across the midline. Both cases underwent chemo-mechanical root canal preparation, intracanal medicaments, and obturation using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Persistent symptoms prompted periradicular surgery with apicoectomy, cyst enucleation, and adjunctive use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to promote healing. Follow-up CBCT showed satisfactory bone regeneration and symptom resolution after 10 to 12 months. These cases underscore the importance of surgical intervention combined with regenerative materials for managing large, complex periapical lesions when nonsurgical approaches fail. PRF and MTA enhance biological healing and improve clinical outcomes in endodontic microsurgery.
AbstractBackgroundRoot canal treatment (RCT) is a common dental procedure aimed at eliminating infection and relieving pain. While traditionally performed over multiple visits, single-visit RCT has gained popularity due to advancements in endodontic techniques. Postoperative pain is a key factor influencing patient comfort and treatment choice.AimTo compare the intensity of postoperative pain following single-visit and multi-visit root canal treatment.Materials and MethodsA total of 50 patients requiring RCT in single- or multi-rooted teeth were randomly assigned to either single-visit (Group A, n=25) or multi-visit (Group B, n=25) treatment. Standardized protocols were followed for instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation. Postoperative pain was recorded using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days. Analgesic intake and incidence of moderate-to-severe pain were also documented. Statistical analysis was performed to compare pain levels between groups.ResultsThe single-visit group reported consistently lower mean VAS scores at all intervals (6 h: 4.2 vs 5.1; 24 h: 3.0 vs 4.0; 48 h: 1.8 vs 2.6; 7 days: 0.4 vs 0.8). Significant differences were observed at 6, 24, and 48 hours (p<0.05), while the 7-day difference was not significant. Moderate-to-severe pain and analgesic use were higher in the multi-visit group. Comparison with previous studies indicated that both single- and multi-visit protocols produce similar postoperative pain, although early pain may be slightly lower in single-visit RCT.ConclusionBoth single-visit and multi-visit root canal treatments are clinically effective and well-tolerated. Single-visit RCT offers advantages such as reduced chairside time and fewer appointments, making it a safe and convenient option for most patients, including controlled diabetics.
AbstractBackgroundErgonomics is a vital yet often overlooked component of dental practice, influencing practitioner health, clinical efficiency, and quality of care. While extensive research has focused on ergonomic awareness among dental professionals, limited data exist regarding the knowledge and attitude of the general population toward ergonomics in dentistry.AimTo assess the knowledge and attitude regarding ergonomics in dentistry among the general population.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 100 participants from the general population aged 18 years and above. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire comprising demographic details and questions assessing knowledge and attitude toward dental ergonomics. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and expressed as frequencies and percentages.ResultsThe findings showed that most participants had a moderate level of knowledge regarding dental ergonomics (41%), with 34% demonstrating good knowledge and 25% having poor knowledge. A positive attitude toward ergonomics was reported by 62% of respondents, while 26% displayed a neutral attitude and 12% a negative attitude. Additionally, 58% of participants were aware of the importance of ergonomics in dental practice, whereas 27% were only partially aware and 15% lacked awareness altogether.ConclusionThe study reveals a generally positive attitude but variable knowledge and awareness of ergonomics in dentistry among the general population. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives to improve public understanding of dental ergonomics, which may contribute to better support for ergonomic practices and promote sustainable oral healthcare delivery.
AbstractThis review provides an overview of the literature on myofunctional appliances used in interceptive orthodontic treatment for growing patients. These devices aim to modify orofacial muscle habits—such as tongue positioning, lip closure and swallowing—to influence dental and skeletal growth. Research indicates that prefabricated myofunctional appliances (PMAs) deliver modest improvements in overjet, overbite and mandibular crowding when compared to no treatment. However, in comparison to custom functional appliances, PMAs are less effective in producing skeletal or soft-tissue adaptations. The effectiveness of treatment is heavily influenced by patient compliance and timing relative to growth. Limitations in the available studies include variability in patient age, appliance design, short follow-up durations and inconsistent outcome measures. The review concludes that while myofunctional appliances can be a valuable early intervention option — especially in patients with mild-to-moderate malocclusion and active functional habits — they should not replace comprehensive orthodontic or orthopaedic treatment in more severe skeletal cases. It emphasizes the need for further long-term, high-quality randomized controlled trials to establish optimal appliance design, timing and enduring stability.
