The aim of study is to identify and analyze the specifics of providing emergency medical care to victims of road traffic accidents (RTA) in the Far North and Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals for its improvement. Materials and methods of the study – federal and regional regulatory legal documents governing road traffic safety and the strategic development of the country’s northern and Arctic territories, domestic and international scientific research focusing on the specifics of road traffic injury in the Far North and Arctic Zone areas and organizational approaches to providing emergency medical care to victims of road traffic accidents. The literature search was performed in the scientific electronic library systems: eLibrary, PubMed, and Scopus using the keywords: “road traffic injury”, “road traffic accident”, “emergency medical care”, “medical care”, “Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation”, “Far North”. Scientific articles published in 2005–2025. Results of study and their analysis. A thematic analysis of the problem of providing emergency medical care to RTA victims in the in the Far North and Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation as a territory with unique natural, climatic, and socio-economic conditions is presented. Problems in providing emergency medical care to victims of road traffic accidents during the pre-hospital period were identified, and possible solutions were proposed, taking into account the provisions of federal and regional regulatory legal documents.
The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of first aid training for the general public and emergency service personnel in the Republic of Dagestan. Research materials and methods. The pilot study was conducted at municipal first aid training centers established within secondary schools, gyms, community centers, medical centers, etc. Results of study and their analysis. Analysis of the data obtained shows that the overwhelming majority of respondents (87.1%) lack the necessary knowledge and skills to provide first aid. The most common errors include: ignorance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation rules (61.7%); failure to understand the importance of a stable lateral position for those who have lost consciousness (77.5%); refusal to independently provide first aid, believing this responsibility to be solely the prerogative of medical professionals, etc. However, a significant number (82.9%) of respondents expressed a desire to take specialized first aid courses, highlighting the need to develop educational programs and implement systematic public education.
Objective – characterisation of modern methods of drinking water treatment and disinfection used in the field. Material and methods. A search of publications in Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science databases by keywords «drinking water», «water purification methods», «water disinfection», «field conditions» published over the last 10 years was performed. A total of 795 publications were identified, of which 36 were selected. Results. All existing methods of drinking water treatment and disinfection based on the use of thermal treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, clarification, filtration and chemical disinfection and technological solutions for their application in field conditions are analysed.
The objective of this study is to identify the key features of this type of medical evacuation based on an analysis of the experience of an international interhospital medical evacuation of a premature infant by rail from Kazakhstan to Russia. Materials and methods. This study is based on an analysis of a clinical case of a premature infant undergoing medical evacuation by rail from Kazakhstan to Russia. Methods of medical statistics, direct observation, and medical documentation analysis were used. Study results. The key organizational features of international medical evacuation by rail in a portable neonatal incubator were identified. International interhospital medical evacuation of premature infants by rail in a transport incubator is a viable and safe alternative to air ambulance evacuation. No statistically significant deviations in monitored vital signs compared to age-appropriate norms were recorded. No complications related to the medical transport were observed during the patient stabilization phase following the medical evacuation. The main difficulties in organizing the medical evacuation arose during the preparatory period, due to difficulties in delivering medical equipment from Russia to Kazakhstan.
The purpose of study was to assess of the dynamics of the functional state of the visual system of medical workers in emergency medical teams. Materials and methods of research. 41 medical workers participated in the study. The analysis was carried out at the beginning and at the end of shifts at the same time intervals. The critical frequency of flickering fusion was defined as the value of the boundary between the frequency of a pulsating light signal perceived by the eye as separate light signals and the frequency perceived as a fused signal. The data of periodic medical examinations of 538 medical workers of field teams for 2022-2025 were analyzed. Results of study and their analysis. The negative dynamics of indicators by the end of the shift indicates the activation of braking processes and may be a consequence of fatigue. Dynamic changes in critical frequency of flickering fusion have been established among younger workers (under 30 years of age) with less work experience. The decrease in the proportion of workers with negative dynamics of inter-shift indicators compared with similar indicators at the end of the shift indicates a sufficient level of recovery of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cortical parts of the central nervous system after a work shift during the period of regulated rest.
The purpose of the study is objectification of the determination of rupture of the eardrum of rabbits under shock-acoustic influences. Materials and methods of research. To develop a method for detecting eardrum rupture during shock-acoustic stimulation, experimental studies were conducted to simulate ear barotrauma in 100 healthy, sexually mature male Soviet Chinchilla rabbits. A shock wave generated by a shot from an air pistol was used as the traumatic factor (peak sound pressure levels corresponded to a 0.5 probability of eardrum rupture). Quantitative characteristics of the eardrum’s condition were determined by measuring the impedance characteristics of the external auditory canal. A sample of 700 measurements was compiled before the exposure, immediately after the exposure, and on the first and third days after the exposure. Confirmation of the presence/absence of eardrum rupture was determined by pathological examinations of the hearing organ. A model for calculating the probability of eardrum rupture under shock-acoustic impact was constructed using machine learning and the CatBoostClassifier method based on gradient boosting, and its quality was assessed using cross-validation. The research was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the FMBA of Russia on November 12, 2024, No. 1988. The results of the study and their analysis. The high quality of the trained model (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97, sensitivity was 0.92, and specificity was 0.91) confirmed that a comprehensive analysis of the impedance characteristics of the external auditory canal allows for the reliable in vivo detection of eardrum ruptures in rabbits. This method is suitable for establishing maximum permissible levels of shock-acoustic exposure that do not cause auditory barotrauma, as well as for determining the effectiveness of personal protective equipment against such exposures. To extrapolate the obtained data to humans, it is necessary to adapt the developed method to the anatomy of the human ear canal and test it on clinical data from patients with eardrum ruptures.
The objectives of this study are to analyze and summarize the most significant organizational issues of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency’s (FMBA of Russia, the Agency) medical treatment organizations (MTOs) participating in the overall system of providing specialized medical care, treatment, and rehabilitation to military personnel participating in the Special Military Operation; and to outline areas for further improvement of their functioning. Research database, materials, and methods. The study was conducted using 25 MTOs of the Agency, some of whose hospital beds were used to provide specialized medical care, treatment, and rehabilitation to wounded and sick military personnel in 2023–2025. Research materials include regulatory legal and other management documents defining the procedures and specific features of organizing the provision of specialized medical care, treatment, and rehabilitation to military personnel participating in the Special Military Operation in FMBA of Russia medical treatment organizations. Survey reports on the work of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia’s MTOs, which allocated hospital beds for the provision of specialized medical care, treatment, and rehabilitation of wounded and sick military personnel, completed by medical specialists from the leadership of such MTOs; scientific publications on the research topic. Research methods include content analysis, statistical and analytical methods; the author’s personal experience in managing and coordinating the activities of the Agency’s MTOs participating in the general system of medical evacuation support for military personnel participating in the Second Military Operations. Research results and analysis. The article presents summarized data from the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia on the use of hospital beds by the MTO of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia for military personnel participating in the Second Military Operations in 2023–2025, as well as a set of key measures ensuring the functioning of the MTOs in providing specialized medical care, treatment, and rehabilitation to patients primarily with combat-related surgical trauma.
The aim of the research is to develop and substantiate a set of measures to ensure the safety of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in emergency situations, armed conflicts and special military operations, including the use of personal protective equipment and armoured vehicles. Materials and methods of the study. The research materials are the documented experience of emergency medical services team members working under special operating conditions. The study employed statistical and empirical methods, as well as modelling. The analytical toolkit included descriptive statistics procedures, verification of the statistical significance of the results, Pearson correlation analysis, and a number of non‑parametric criteria – in particular, the χ2 (chi‑squared) test for comparing independent samples. Results of the study and their analysis. The comprehensive implementation of individual and collective protection measures, specialised transport, and detailed action algorithms for EMS personnel in armed conflicts and emergency situations has made it possible to: statistically significantly reduce risks to the life and health of medical personnel, maintain the continuity and effectiveness of emergency medical care in high‑risk areas, establish a robust system of medical evacuation support even with an increase in the intensity of attacks.
The objective of the study – to demonstrate a clinical example of successful surgical treatment of a soldier with a shrapnel wound to the thigh, accompanied by a rupture of the deep femoral artery and deep femoral vein, and the formation of a giant pulsating hematoma, at a military field hospital in the area of the Special Military Operation. Research materials and methods. Clinical example A 39-year-old soldier. During a combat mission in the area of the Special Military Operation, he sustained a shrapnel wound to the left thigh as a result of a shell explosion. Two days later, he was evacuated to the nearest military field hospital. Complaints on admission: pain in the left thigh. Status localis: a hematoma with blood imbibition is detected on the anterior, posterior, and inner thigh surfaces, extending to the anterior abdominal wall and genitals. A rounded, pulsating mass is palpated in the upper third of the inner thigh, causing tenderness. A 2-cm diameter wound without drainage is present on the outer surface of the middle third of the left thigh. A color Doppler ultrasound of the left lower extremity revealed a rupture of the lateral wall of the deep femoral artery (DFA) and deep femoral vein (DFV), with the formation of a pulsating hematoma with a volume of approximately 40 ml. Surgery was performed: hematoma removal, suturing of the DFA and DFV wall defects with 6/0 polypropylene suture. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition on the 30th day after surgery and returned to military service. Conclusion: successful removal of a pulsating hematoma with suturing of the deep femoral artery and deep femoral vein wall defects at a military field hospital prevented the development of bleeding, hematoma suppuration, and death.
The aim of the study is to analyze current research on the use of artificial intelligence technologies in first aid and to identify contradictions, limitations, and promising areas for future development. Research methods – a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Google Scholar, SciSpace, and e-library databases for the period of 2015–2025. A total of 123 publications were selected, of which the 30 most relevant works were subjected to in-depth analysis. Research results and their analysis. The article presents the state of the art in applying artificial intelligence technologies for first aid. The structure of AI-based diagnostic and decision-making systems is considered. Significant limitations, such as insufficient validation on independent samples, ethical and legal barriers, and model interpretability issues, are indicated. The challenges in current approaches to the development and implementation of AI tools for emergency situations are presented. A conclusion is made about the significant potential of AI to enhance the quality of first aid, while emphasizing the necessity of large-scale prospective studies, the development of safety standards, and a regulatory framework for the implementation of research results.
The goal of the research is to develop systematic health-saving thinking among students based on modern organizational and methodological approaches that facilitate the instillation of the skill of providing first aid to victims in terms of self-help and mutual aid in case of injuries, traumas, and other life-threatening conditions. Materials and methods of research. The research materials include both domestic and foreign experiences in forming a systemic health-saving mindset among students based on modern organizational and methodological approaches, the experience of training and retraining participants in providing first aid, and the practical experience of employees of the Territorial Center for Disaster Medicine in the Omsk region, which facilitates the acquisition of skills in providing first aid to victims in the scope of self- and mutual aid in cases of injuries, traumas, and other life-threatening conditions; regulatory legal acts that govern the training of students in providing first aid. Methods used: literary-analytical, formal-legal, content analysis, formalization, generalization, comparison, narration, demonstration, training. The results of the study and their analysis. The ways of forming a systemic health-saving mindset among students are presented based on modern organizational and methodological approaches that facilitate the acquisition of skills in providing first aid to victims in the scope of self-help and mutual aid during injuries, traumas, and other life-threatening conditions. The methods of forming a systemic health-saving mindset among students are based on modern organizational-methodical, physiological, and psychological approaches and management methods that ease the development of skills in providing first aid to victims. Attention is paid to the role of the instructor in the subject ‘Providing First Aid to Victims’ in increasing the level of medical knowledge, health-saving thinking, and personal motivation to help victims in emergency situations among students, which contribute to the qualitative, lasting, and faster acquisition of skills in providing first aid.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal framework for organizing first aid on board a civil aircraft, statistics of health conditions and disorders that develop during flights, as well as scientific publications and international recommendations related to first aid, in order to make proposals for the development of a First Aid (FA) Procedure on a civil aircraft. Materials and methods of research. Research materials – data on the prevalence of health-related conditions arising during air travel and the organization of first aid on board an aircraft, contained in the works of Russian and foreign scientists; international guidelines for first aid; international guidelines and recommendations on aviation medicine and air travel safety; regulatory legal and advisory acts of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific publications related to the topic of research. Research methods – in September-November 2025, using the keywords “air transportation”, “aviation”, “aviation”, “flight attendant”, “aircraft”, “passenger”, “flight”, “plane”, “aviation”, “aircraft”, “in-flight” in combination with the phrases “medical aid”, “first aid”, “first aid”, a search was conducted for scientific publications in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLibrary.ru, as well as using the Google search engine, search for: international recommendations for first aid; documents on aviation medicine; recommendations related to first aid during air travel. The search for regulatory legal and advisory acts of the Russian Federation was carried out using the term “first aid” in the legal reference systems Garant and ConsultantPlus. When conducting the research, universal methods of cognition, empirical and theoretical scientific methods were used, including methods of description, comparison, generalization, analysis and synthesis. Research results and their analysis. A review was carried out and analyzed regulatory legal acts, scientific publications and international recommendations on first aid issues in order to make proposals for the development of the Procedure for providing first aid on board civil aircraft. An approximate list of conditions or groups of conditions requiring the provision of FA on board a civil aircraft has been generated. Based on the results of the study, proposals were made for the development of a Procedure for the provision of FA on board a civil aircraft.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the integration of the operational work of the Operational Administrative Service of the Moscow Department of Health into the “Safe City” system and to develop recommendations for adapting this model for implementation in other million-plus cities of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods of the study. The research materials include internal reports from the Emergency Response Department of the Ministry of Health for 2017–2021; regulatory legal acts governing the organization of the Service; and documented data on the Service’s performance in emergency situations. Research methods include statistical and content analysis, expert assessment, and systems analysis. Results of the study and their analysis. The study revealed that the phased formation of the Operational and Administrative Service of the Moscow Department of Health and the introduction of standardized algorithms for responding to requests, as well as checklists for duty officers, significantly improved the process of making management decisions. This contributed to improving the safety of citizens and their satisfaction with the quality of medical services as part of the integration of the Operational and Administrative Service of the Moscow Department of Health into the Safe City system.
The purpose of the study is to determine ways to improve the system of first aid provided by firefighters and rescuers, taking into account the changes in legislation, an expanded list of medical devices and medications, as well as the specifics of their professional activities. Materials and research methods. Materials of the study – regulatory legal acts and scientific publications on the research topic. General scientific methods – dialectical method, analysis and synthesis methods; specific methods – legal hermeneutics, formal legal, system-structural, and comparative legal methods of scientific knowledge. Results of the study and their analysis. The study showed that the current Procedure for Providing First Aid, approved by the Russian Ministry of Health, is basic and does not take into account the specifics of the activities of firefighters and rescuers, who must have skills in working with medical devices and medications. An analysis of the list of medical devices provided in the kits for firefighters and rescuers revealed the need to develop special procedures for providing first aid to them, as well as the risks associated with the incorrect use of medical devices and medications. The lack of in-depth training and education in the use of these medical devices can lead to negative consequences for the injured. Existing standard training programs require updating, expansion, and ensuring uniformity in teaching first aid at all levels of professional training for firefighters and rescuers. Based on the results of the study, practice-oriented proposals have been made to improve the existing model of first aid organization by firefighters and rescuers, aimed at: improving regulatory legal regulation; organizing training to acquire the necessary skills in the application of medical devices and/or medications; creating an expert council under the Profile Commission of the Russian Ministry of Health in the field of “First Aid”.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the problem of automation and robotization of search tools, extraction from hotspots, and medical evacuation of victims of radiation and chemical emergencies; to analyze possible solutions to the problem and examine design solutions used in U.S. emergency response teams. Research methods include methods of analysis and generalization. Materials and methods of research. The research materials are publications from online resources devoted to the issues of automation and robotization of search tools, extraction from hotspots, and medical evacuation of victims of radiation and chemical emergencies. The results of the study and their analysis. The existing and developing robotic systems in the USA for searching and extracting from lesions are considered. Fully autonomous medical care for injuries is considered as a perspective. According to the conclusions of American military medical experts, automation and robotization should be applied to providing assistance to victims in order to increase the efficiency and optimize the capabilities of the medical care system in the context of a multi-domain struggle against the consequences of accidents, catastrophes.
The objective of this study is to use the experience of interagency cooperation in providing medical care to wounded military personnel during the counter-terrorism operation (CTO) in the Kursk region to substantiate and develop a concept for a unified interagency medical space to improve the effectiveness of medical care for the wounded in modern military/armed conflicts. Research materials and methods. The study materials include the authors’ documented experience of participating in interagency cooperation in providing medical care to wounded military personnel during the counter-terrorism operation in the Kursk region. The research methods utilized retrospective analysis and generalization. Research results and analysis. This article presents the experience of developing a unified interagency space for providing medical care to wounded military personnel during the CTO in the Kursk region. The mechanisms for the functional integration of medical institutions and units of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency and the Russian Ministry of Health into the staged treatment system traditionally assigned to the Russian Ministry of Defense are discussed. The authors describe the structure of modern medical losses, characterized by a high proportion of mine-explosive and combined injuries caused by the use of remote weapons. Particular attention is paid to the concept of “hybrid logistics” and the role of civilian healthcare in ensuring the “golden hour” principle during the second and third stages of medical evacuation. The need for legally defining the status of civilian mobile medical teams and standardizing clinical protocols (Damage Control) for physicians at multidisciplinary hospitals is substantiated. The study’s results demonstrate that creating seamless interaction between agencies significantly increases the survival rate of the wounded and optimizes the use of medical resources in the conflict zone.
The objective of the study was to develop a concept for an intelligent emergency notification system for healthcare workers using a portable bracelet integrated with a healthcare organization’s mobile corporate app. Research materials and methods. The study’s materials include relevant regulatory legal acts; statistical data from the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations and the World Health Organization (WHO) on the scale and dynamics of emergencies. Research methods: analysis and questionnaires. Research results and analysis. Key vulnerabilities of traditional notification systems were identified. Telephone calls: inability to provide mass notification, manual operator interaction, and critical delay times. Loudspeakers: lack confirmation of signal receipt, do not convey specific information about the nature of the emergency, do not inform healthcare personnel of the procedure, and have limited audibility. SMS messaging: delayed message delivery, limited volume of transmitted information, dependence on cellular network congestion, and unreliable message delivery and reading. The developed system reduces alert transmission time to 0.026 seconds and ensures signal receipt confirmation for 99.9% of healthcare workers.
The objective of this study was to assess the opinions of regional Disaster Medicine Service specialists on the current system for organizing and conducting command-and-staff exercises of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service to address the medical and sanitary consequences of large-scale emergencies with a large number of casualties and to identify key areas for improving the methodology for preparing, organizing, and conducting these exercises. Research materials and methods. A 27-question questionnaire developed by specialists from the Federal Center for Disaster Medicine (FCDM) was used to survey 51 specialists from regional Disaster Medicine Service from 36 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The information contained in the first 20 questions allows us to determine: the quality of preparation and conduct of command-and-staff exercises and the quality of interaction between their participants; the adequacy of logistical support for conducting command-and-staff exercises; the level of professional training of specialists; and the presence of problematic issues in the organization and conduct of command-and-staff exercises of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service. Respondents’ answers were evaluated on a point scale: “yes” – 5 points; “not sure” – 3 points; “no” – 1 point. Questions 21 through 27 allowed for open-ended responses from specialists and suggestions for improving the organization and conduct of command-staff exercises, including changes to their scenarios, exercise methodology, and format, as well as further refinement of the regulatory framework. The study program included participation by managers and specialists of the Regional Center for Disaster Management in 89 regions; however, at the time of processing the survey results, responses had been received from 36 regions. Research methods included a questionnaire, analytical and statistical methods, and logical and information modeling methods. Research results and analysis. The quality of command-staff exercises organized by the FCDM with the participation of the regional Disaster Medicine Service on the organization of medical evacuation measures during large-scale emergencies with a large number of casualties directly impacts the degree of acquisition and retention of new knowledge and skills. Studying the opinions of command-staff exercise participants on the quality of preparation, organization, and conduct of exercises allows for adjustments to the current model (regulations) to achieve maximum educational and methodological objectives.
The purpose of the study is to identify the age-related features of psychophysiological adaptation at the physiological, psychophysiological, and mental levels in workers performing particularly demanding tasks in the Far North. Materials and methods. Men < 40 years old (14 people, (33.4±3.2)) and men > 40 years old (10 people, (45.1±3.9)) were compared. At the physiological level, PFA was assessed using the heart rate variability (HRV) method. At the psychophysiological level, it was assessed using visual-motor tests (VMT). At the mental level, it was assessed using the self-assessment scale (SAS) and the differential diagnosis of reduced work capacity (DRC). The functional activity of the central nervous system was assessed using EEG, visual analysis, and indicators of cerebral energy metabolism. Results of the study. At the physiological level, the tension of the regulatory systems of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) was revealed, to a greater extent in persons > 40 years of age. The tension of the ANS was also evidenced by the EEG data, which revealed signs of dysfunction of the cortical structures and stem formations involved in the formation of emotional reactions and the regulation of autonomic functions. At the psychophysiological level, persons < 40 years of age demonstrated better performance of functions carried out by the cortical-subcortical pyramidal-striatal level of movement organization. And better performance of functions carried out with the predominant participation of cortical functions – by persons > 40 years. At the mental level, higher well-being, activity, mood were revealed in persons < 40 years and a greater degree of fatigue in persons < 40 years. Cerebral energy metabolism in persons < 40 years was higher than in persons > 40 years, which indicated a lower level of PFA in persons < 40 years compared to persons > 40 years. A possible reason for revealing a lower level of adapt.
