Dear Readers, With a phenomenal happiness, I need to impart my joy as we are in the tenth year of this logical distributing field. From the outset we started this Journal of Food and Nutritional Disorder with the desire to disperse propelled information everywhere throughout the globe. Luckily, with the consistent assistance of Eminent Editorial Board Members, potential analysts and dynamic creators (authors, reviewers) we can run this Journal so adequately till now and we believe it continues in future.
Appropriate nutrient is a vital factor influencing growth and immunity. Nutrition is very essential during pregnancy and infancy, which are critical periods for the formation of brain, putting out the foundation for the development of cognitive, cognitive, motor, and socio-emotional skills throughout childhood and adulthood. Certain nutrients have critical role in brain development and their deficiency causes severe life-taking risks. Deficiency of iodine leads to cretinism and other neural disorders while deficiency of iron results into disruptive mental, cognitive, emotional and behavioural functions. Likewise, deficiency of zinc and choline leads to alterations in attention, activity, neuropsychological behaviour and perception and construction of human intelligence respectively. The consequences of inadequate nutritional status during childhood may have long-lasting ill-effects on the health and performance of children during their adult years. Hence, young children need to develop healthy eating habits along with some physical activities at an early stage. It is really essential for children to consume all sorts of nutrients in their daily diet.
Microorganisms may be harmed by low temperatures, mechanical damage to cell dividers or films by ice gems shaped outside or inside cells, expanded groupings of harmful solutes in the extracellular medium, or lack of hydration of cells due to increased osmotic pressing factor or drying of the extracellular medium during the freezing of food varieties. Responses between portions of cells and those of the extracellular media during frozen capacity, or expanding drying up of the food, may cause cell injury. During defrosting, intracellular and extracellular ice precious stones may augment to harm cells, or glassified arrangements may soften to open microorganisms to concentrated arrangements. Sudden, moderately large temperature drops can harm growing microscopic organisms, resulting in the loss of internal metabolites and proteins and the fusion of novel, cold-stun proteins. Microbes in food varieties, nonetheless, for the most part would not encounter paces of cooling adequately quick to prompt virus stun. Accordingly, by and large, the straightforward cooling of microorganisms during freezing is probably not going to be quickly harmful. Microorganisms can continuously lose feasibility when their development is forestalled, yet such loss of suitability is by and large less at lower than at higher temperatures.
This study has explored the environmental, social and economic impact of food supply chains. Efficient food supply chains are the only solution to the feeding demand of growing global population. Food supply chains are responsible for depleting essential nutrients and gases to the environment, for providing livelihood to billions of people directly or indirectly and for improving the living standard & well-being of Agri-community. However, food systems are also responsible for GHG & carbon emissions, resource depletion and socioeconomic imbalance. It is impossible to cope with these challenges without devising a sustainable policy. This review paper provides an insight to the positive as well as the negative externalities of food supply process so that former can be enhanced and later can be mitigated.
Objective: The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between intestinal parasitic infection and anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia. We include six studies in different regions of Ethiopia. We have done this study focusing on intestinal parasitic infection. Materials and Methods: The databases searched were PUBMED and Advanced Google Scholar. on reference manager software reporting intestinal parasitic infection and anemia among pregnant women . Three researchers were carried out the data extraction and assessed independently the articles for inclusion in the review using risk-of-bias tool guided by PRISMA checklist. The combined adjusted Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effect model. Results: Six observational studies involving 2838 participants, 557 pregnant women who have anemia were included. The combined effect size (OR) for anemia comparing pregnant women who have intestinal parasitic infection versus pregnant women women who did not have intestinal parasitic infection was 3.74 (ORMH=3.74, 95% CI 2.58-5.43) Heterogeneity: Tau²=0.13; Chi²=13.11, df=5 (P =0.02); I²=62% Test for overall effect: Z5=6.94 (P < 0.00001). No publication bias was observed (Egger’s test: p=0.074, Begg’s test: p=0.091). 23.99% (681) pregnant women have intestinal parasitic infection during current pregnancy. In all studies, the proportion of anemia among pregnant women who have intestinal parasitic infection during current pregnancy was 227 (33.33%). Conclusions: The likelihood of anemia among pregnant women is approximately four times higher among pregnant women who had intestinal parasitic infection than who did not have the infection in Ethiopia.
As the population of Indian cities are increasing, demand for food and expenditure also increasing. However, the resources are limited as farmland converts into residential, commercial or industrial space. This limits the risk of growing more and more diverse foodstuffs. Urban Agriculture (UA) has the ability to support inner-city populations by reducing food transport distances, raising food production awareness, and enhancing nutrition, health, and economic status. Contamination of food such as toxic chemical fertilizers and use of pesticides, etc., again grows at an unprecedented pace. In this situation, the establishment of growing vegetables on the roof top can be a feasible and possible option to solve these problems and find a way out. Rooftop vegetable farming can fulfil food demand by providing quality and hygienic vegetables, lowering household spending on vegetables, improving air quality and absorbing carbon from the environment, and reducing the effects of climate change.
Globally, water sources and distribution systems of towns have water quality problems. Water borne diseases are one of the top-ten diseases occurred in consecutive years in Woldia town. This study tried to assessing drinking water quality from source to households in woldia town, Northeast Ethiopia. Cross sectional study was conducted and 44 water samples were collected from deep wells, reservoirs and water taps which were determined based on the population number of the town and the total number of water taps present in each kebele. Simple random samplings were used to select the sampling points. Corresponding to the sampled water taps, 15 samples of household water containers were determined. The water samples were analyzed for physicochemical and bacteriological in Woldia town water supply and sewerage service, water quality laboratory. The result of the laboratory was entered in to SPSS version 20 for correlation and one way ANOVA analysis. Mean values of pH, turbidity, EC, TDS, Nitrate and Fluoride of deep wells, reservoirs, water taps and household water containers of the study area were within the range of WHO limit. But the mean values of temperature, TC, TTC and RCL of deep wells, reservoirs, water taps and household water containers were incompatible with WHO limit. From the total of 44 samples, 16(36.36%) had positive test for Total Coliforms and 3(6.81%) of them had positive test for TTC. Correlation has been seen between the TTC and the physicochemical parameters. Turbidity was moderate and positively correlated with TTC (r=+0.48, P<0.001) whereas EC and TDS were negatively correlated in weak relationship (r=-0.34, P<0.025). For physicochemical parameters PH, Temperature, NO3- (mg/l) and RCL (mg/l) shown significant variation among the concentration of different water sampled sites (P<0.001).
In the present study, nectar and jam products were developed from kirkir fruit following the standard steps. Both products were subjected to analysis for physicochemical characteristics and phenolic compounds. The results indicated an increasing in the total soluble solids content and pH value of kirkir nectar was in an increasing trend during storage for 3 months at room temperature (30 ? 50C) and refrigeration (4-60C). While the total sugars content of kirkir nectar was decreased from 14.32% to 13.6% and from 14.32 to 14.25% with increasing periods of storage up to 3 months. And ascorbic acid content of kirkir nectar was decreased from 23.3 mg/100 g to 14.34 and from 23.3 to 18.90 at two storage temperatures (room temperature (30? 50C) and (4-60C) respectively. The polyphenols (tannin) content of kirkir nectar were in decreasing trend from 0.3100 to 0.2510 and from 0.3100 to 0.2790 at both storage temperatures (room30?50Cand 4-60C), respectively. On the other hand, the analyses of kirkir jam indicated that both TSS and TA increased while pH and total sugar decreased with an increased storage period. Moreover, vitamin C of kirkir jam was decreased trend from 24 to 11 mg/g and from 24 to16, with increasing of period storage from zero time to three months at room temperature (30 ± 50C) and refrigeration (4-60C), respectively
There is a growing demand for biopreservatives that are natural and eco-friendly. Accordingly, yeasts are considered to be one of the promising biocontrol agents. In addition, the use of chemical pesticides may lead to health problems by inducing resistance in the fruit microbiome, which also poses a threat to theenvironment. Therefore, in this study, Metschnikowia sp. (Metschnikowia sinensis KTMD1-4, Metschnikowia pulcherrima BMD3B, and Metschnikowia aff. pulcherrima P01A016) yeasts were tested on grapes to control Botrytis cinerea infection. For all yeasts, in vitro mycelial growth inhibition rates were found above 80 %. Additional tests (iron depletion, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and biofilm activity) were conducted on yeasts to elucidate the inhibition mechanisms. Then, antagonistic yeasts were tested on grapes to see the biocontrol efficacy against B. cinerea. The findings showed that M. pulcherrima BMD3B had the highest iron depletion activity and biocontrol efficacy in controlling B. cinerea, also maintaining the integrity of the fruit cell wall. Furthermore, M. sinensis KTMD1-4 had a moderate effect in controlling B. cinerea. Although Metschnikowia aff. pulcherrima P01A016 displayed the highest biofilm activity (0.88 ± 0.03) and VOCs formation, it was ineffective in controlling B. cinerea. Metschnikowia yeasts prolonged the shelf life of grapes by reducing the disease incidence and lesion diameters compared Metschnikowia pulcherrima BMD3B, and Metschnikowia aff. pulcherrima P01A016) yeasts were tested on grapes to control Botrytis cinerea infection. For all yeasts, in vitro mycelial growth inhibition rates were found above 80 %. Additional tests (iron depletion, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and biofilm activity) were conducted on yeasts to elucidate the inhibition mechanisms. Then, antagonistic yeasts were tested on grapes to see the biocontrol efficacy against B. cinerea. The findings showed that M. pulcherrima BMD3B had the highest iron depletion activity and biocontrol efficacy in controlling B. cinerea, also maintaining the integrity of the fruit cell wall. Furthermore, M. sinensis KTMD1-4 had a moderate effect in controlling B. cinerea. Although Metschnikowia aff. pulcherrima P01A016 displayed the highest biofilm activity (0.88 ± 0.03) and VOCs formation, it was ineffective in controlling B. cinerea. Metschnikowia yeasts prolonged the shelf life of grapes by reducing the disease incidence and lesion diameters compared to control. These findings could pave the way for the use of natural yeasts as an alternative to synthetic pesticides.
Undernutrition in childhood is assessed to cause 3.1 million children passing every year through a potentiating impact on normal irresistible infections, like pneumonia and diarrhea. Thusly, unmistakable and subclinical diseases, and aggravation, particularly in the gut, modify supplement admission, assimilation, discharge, redirection, catabolism, and consumption. An account outline of the current comprehension of diseases, irritation, and antimicrobials corresponding to youth lack of healthy sustenance. Albeit the epidemiological proof for expanded vulnerability to hazardous diseases related with lack of healthy sustenance is solid, we are just barely starting to see a portion of the components in question. Wholesome status and development are firmly impacted by ecological enteric brokenness (EED), which is basic among kids in agricultural nations, and by adjustments in the gut microbiome. At this point, there are no demonstrated mediations against EED. Anti-toxins have for some time been utilized as development advertisers in creatures. Preliminaries of anti-toxins have shown striking adequacy on mortality and on development in youngsters with simple extreme intense unhealthiness (SAM) or HIV contamination. Anti-infection agents act straightforwardly by forestalling contaminations and may act in a roundabout way by diminishing subclinical diseases and irritation. We depict a progressing multicenter, randomized, fake treatment controlled preliminary of day by day cotrimoxazole prophylaxis to forestall passing in youngsters recuperating from convoluted SAM. Auxiliary results incorporate development, recurrence and etiology of contaminations, insusceptible actuation and capacity, the gut microbiome, and antimicrobial obstruction.
The World Health Organization defines obesity as a disease in which the excessive increase of body fat causes serious health problems (WHO) Over the last 50 years, obesity has become a global epidemic and is listed in the main problems of public health in many parts of the world. Adolescence represents a critical period for weight control. At this stage of growth, the individual receives about 25% of the final size and 50% of the body weight Adolescence can also be critical for the development of obesity due to changes in the amount and distribution of body fat.
This research endeavour aims at focussing on Total Quality Management techniques to address a significantly fulcrumoriented aspect of Food processing, namely Food Fortification. This ethos has been chosen as the focal point of the research as it is extremely relevant in the backdrop of the Global Pandemic. The need of the hour is to make available a spectrum of locally grown, accessible and native dietary inclusions from the Indian diet, to attain, retain and maintain Holistic Wellness in the populace. The perspective and mind-set are Universally relevant due to many factors. They are designed to benefit paediatric to geriatric subjects. They are biochemically nodal in generating a quantum enhancement in immune profile of the subject and furthermore, the research can be extrapolated to commercial ,large-scale and entrepreneurial dimensions.The added advantage is a substantial capacity building in Trained and skilled Workforce equipped in making available Novel Nutritional Products for consumption which are backed with emphatic Organoleptic acceptance. The postscript, of course, is the ensuing commercial viability and sustainable Wellness at the societal level. The underlying research methodology is governed by certain commonalities.
Excessive hepatic fat is associated with increased metabolic risk factors, production of inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress. High protein intake might trigger an increased hepatic lipid oxidation through an increase in hepatic energy expenditure. Furthermore, the majority of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in humans have failed to show whether carotenoids can be used to prevent and treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is notable and contradictory that NAFLD is rapidly escalating in Iran and other countries with lower intakes of fruit and vegetables (as sources of β-cryptoxanthin [β-CX] and carbohydrates) and higher intake of carbohydrates (as an agent of NAFLD); and the effects of β-CX and a high protein diet (HPD) on NAFLD need to be investigated further.
In human body almost 53% of magnesium (Mg) is involved in the development and maintenance of bone and other calcified tissues, 27 % in muscle, 19 % in the soft tissues and the remain 1% in the serum. Mg is a nutrient involved in protein synthesis, muscle and nerve functions, blood glucose control and blood pressure regulation. In addition, Mg deficiency is uncommon in humans because of the kidney limit urinary excretion of this nutrient. However, there are some group of people at risk of Mg inadequacy, people with gastrointestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes, chronic alcoholism. Mg biofortification is a strategy that promotes nutrient enhancement in food crops and can increase nutrient uptake and accumulation in the human body. This study aims to develop a technical itinerary for Mg biofortification of two tomato varieties (H1534 and H9205) during the 2018 production cycle. As such, the study was carried out in a test area with 15 x 66 m, in Beja region, Portugal. In this framework, leaf fertilization of plants was promoted after planting and throughout the respective production cycle. Six leaf applications were carried out with four different treatments of magnesium sulfate. At harvest were studied the interactions between Mg accumulation and with others chemical elements present in the tomato tissues. The average of Mg biofortification index in variety H1534 was 16.2% and the opposite was verified in variety H1534, by atomic absorption. However, it was found, performing the mapping at tissue level using a μ-EDXRF M4 Tornado ™ system, that the content of Mg increased 90% and 78.8%, respectively, in H1534 and in H9205. Using scanning electron microscopy, with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), it was possible to identify in which area of the tomato tissue the Mg predominates.
Micronutrient deficiency affects individuals all around the world, being a public health problem. To minimize this problem, several alternatives are being developed, namely agronomic biofortification, to increase the amount of nutrients in food crops. In this context, Zn is one of the most relevant micronutrients for the human body, displaying catalytic, structural, and regulatory properties. Considering that Zn deficiency leads to health disorders (namely, neurological disorders, autoimmune and degenerative diseases related to age, Wilson’s disease, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes mellitus), a technical itinerary for biofortification was outlined in a field of grapes located in Palmela (Portugal), aiming to optimize Zn content for the Syrah variety. Biofortification was performed with foliar spraying of zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) throughout the production cycle (at concentrations of 0%, 30%, and 60%—0, 450, and 900 g ha−1). The zinc biofortification index increased about 59% and 45%, respectively, with OZn60 and SZn60 (i.e., concentrations of 60% with treatment ZnO and ZnSO4 respectively), whereas its deposition in the flesh of the grapes increased 2.41- and 2.37-fold and in the seeds by approx. 1.76- and 2.19-fold (with OZn60 and SZn60, respectively). After vinification, significant increases in Zn content in the wine were also found (1.92- and 1.77-fold); however, considering the amount of this nutrient in grapes, it was concluded that vinification must also be optimized.
The food industry will face determinant challenges in the future, namely, feeding a growing population, set to reach up to 9 billion people by 2050, while maintaining food quality, in circumstances of resource limitations and sustainable use. In this outlook, minimizing mineral deficits in the human diet can prevent health diseases. Calcium is one of the most abundant minerals in human organisms, performing both structural and signaling functions, its deficits being associated with the development of osteoporosis and other pathologies. To minimize this issue, foliar spraying of edible plants can increase the amount of minerals, triggering additional value in unprocessed food products. Following this assumption at an orchard of Rocha pears located in the West region of Portugal, seven foliar sprays were carried out with calcium chloride (4% corresponds to the exclusive use of CaCl2 4 kg ha−1; 8% corresponds to the use of CaCl2 4 kg ha−1 (for the first three sprays) and CaCl2 8 kg ha−1 (for the four remaining sprays)). At harvest, calcium levels increased about 12.2–38.3%, whereas significant differences in physicochemical parameters occurred only in malic acid and total soluble solids. In conclusion, calcium levels increased in fruits after foliar spraying, but quality parameters only revealed minor changes, enabling the production of biofortified Rocha pears.
Background: Stunting is a well established child health indicator of chronic malnutrition related to environmental and socio economic circumstances. In Ethiopia, childhood stunting is the most widely prevalent among children under age five years. Thus, this study aimed to assess and model the determinants of stunting prevalence among children under age five in Ethiopia. Methods: Samples of 8487 children under age five and 640 community clusters were selected from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey in this study. The survey sample was designed to provide national, urban/rural, and regional representative estimates for key health and demographic indicators. The sample was selected using a two-stage stratified sampling process. The statistical model applied to determine the individual and community level factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia was multilevel logistic regression model. Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of stunting among children under age five years in Ethiopia was around 39.39%. The multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the variation of predictor variables of the prevalence of stunting among children under age five. Accordingly, it has been identified that ages of the child above 12 months, male gender, children from poor households and no mother education have a significant effect on prevalence of stunting in Ethiopia. It is found that variances related to the random term were statistically significant implying that there is variation in prevalence of stunting across the regional states of Ethiopia. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that prevalence of stunting among children under aged five years in Ethiopia was severe public health problem, where 39.39% of them are stunting. Therefore, governmental and nongovernmental organizations or stakeholders should pay attention to all significant factors mentioned in the analysis of this study.
Dehydration is a common issue that many people will face at some point during their lifetime. Dehydration can cause an abundance of health problems, both physically and mentally. However, many people are unaware that a lack of hydration can impair their cognitive ability, which can be especially harmful to individuals enrolled in a university. College students are often overwhelmed by the chaos of homework and other obligations, causing them to spend little time reflecting on their health and well-being. Individuals may forget to eat or drink water on a daily basis, which can have negative consequences for both physical and mental health. Specifically, dehydration can cause a significant decline in a student’s academic performance.
The increase trusts in therapeutic is an exceptional phenomenon which is expanding on daily basis. Between the preventive role and the actual management of diseases there are many grey zones in which milk can be a real ally against various illnesses. If you get sick what would you choose as a remedy? Milk or medicine? In many fields milk has earned its role as a sole player in management of human diseases. From dermatology to neurology there is a long journey full of choices where patents are increasingly choosing milk over medicine. Doctors may shortly give their patients the luxury of choosing between milk and pharmaceutical preparations to achieve their therapeutic goals. In other words, therapeutic nutrition with milk as its unique gem is becoming a real trophy that patients will soon compete.
Context. The study considered the issue of creating a mixture of oils with a balanced fatty-acid composition, namely the required ratio of ω-6 and ω-3 acids. To create a mixture of oils with a balanced fatty acid composition, an analysis of various vegetable oils was carried out to study the possibility of their use in providing the human body with polyunsaturated fatty acids by using a mixture with a balanced fatty acid composition. Sunflower predominates in the Kazakh oilseeds market and in recent years flax has taken more and more stable positions and safflower is successfully cultivated in the southern regions. Safflower oil has a significant content of linoleic acid (over 78%), which is essential and is necessary to ensure the integrity of plasma membranes, growth and reproduction processes, skin and other organs. The aim of the study is to obtain a mixture of vegetable oils with a balanced fatty acid composition. As components of a mixture of vegetable oils with a balanced fatty acid composition, it is recommended to use sunflower, linseed and safflower oil, which are successfully produced in Kazakhstan. The objects of research were sunflower, safflower, linseed oil and their mixtures in a ratio of 70:05:25; 75:05:20; 70:15:15. In vegetable oils and their mixtures, organoleptic parameters, fatty acid composition were determined on the CHROMOS GH-1000 gas chromatograph (Russia) with a flame ionization detector. Results and conclusions. Studies of the fatty acid composition of the mixtures have found that the use of vegetable oils (sunflower, safflower, linseed) in an amount of 70:05:25 and 75:05:20 allows to obtain a product with an acid ratio of ω-6: ω-3 ≤ 5:1, which is more desirable to reduce the risk of many chronic diseases.
