An experiment was carried out in the Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (UP) in 2023 to investigate the impact of foliar application of plant bio-regulator and micronutrients on fruit drop, retention, yield, and quality attributes of Aonla, using nine treatments viz., NAA at 20 and 40 ppm; Borax at 0.2% and 0.4% and Zinc sulphate 0.3% and 0.6%, NAA @ 20 ppm + Borax @ 0.2% + ZnSO4 @ 0.3%, NAA @ 40 ppm + Borax @ 0.4% + ZnSO4 @ 0.6% including a control treatment (water spray) on twenty-three old trees of aonla cv. NA-7 replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. From the experiment, it is recorded that the higher concentration of NAA @ 40ppm + Borax 0.4% + zinc sulphate 0.6% significantly reduces fruit drop (23.80%) with maximum fruit retention (76.20%), fruit yield (89.88kg/plant), fruit length (4.66cm), fruit breadth (5.04cm), fruit volume (27.56cc), fruit weight (29.95g), specific gravity (1.08g/cc), pulp weight (43.92g), pulp: stone ratio (42.84), TSS (13.120Brix), ascorbic acid (627.24mg/100g pulp), TSS: acid ratio (9.86), total sugars (11.19%) and with minimum stone weight (1.08g) and titratable acidity (1.33%) followed by NAA 20 ppm + Borax 0.2% + zinc sulphate 0.3% (T7) as compared to control (T0) treatments.
The present experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Garden, Department of Fruit Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) from October 2022 to March 2023 to find out the effect of GA3 and NAA on fruit set, drop, retention, yield and quality of ber cv. Banarasi Karaka. The experiment was carried out using ten treatments viz., T1-Control, T2-GA3 @15 ppm, T3-GA3 @ 25 ppm, T4-GA3 @ 35 ppm, T5-NAA @ 10 ppm, T6-NAA @ 20 ppm, T7-NAA @ 30 ppm, T8-GA3 @ 15 ppm + NAA @ 10 ppm, T9-GA3 @ 25 ppm + NAA @ 20 ppm and T10-GA3 @ 35 ppm + NAA @ 30 ppm, with three replications in Randomized Block Design. The findings of the experiment clearly revealed that the foliar spray of GA3 @ 35 ppm + NAA @ 30 ppm significantly enhanced initial fruit set (170), fruit retention (19.40%), fruit volume (19.84cc), fruit length (5cm), fruit diameter (3.35cm), fruit weight (15.50g), fruit pulp weight (14.45g), pulp/stone ratio (13.76), TSS (15.300Brix), ascorbic acid content (99.35 mg/100g pulp), total sugars (10.10%) and yield (32.10 kg/tree). Additionally, this treatment regimen reduced fruit drop (80.10%), stone weight (1.05g) and titratable acidity (0.15%) contents in the plains of North India.
Present investigation was carried out to study the analysis of Gladiolus cv. Pusa Kiran for its yield and economics in Western region of Uttar Pradesh. The improved variety of Pusa Kiran was planted along with local variety Tigar Flame as check in 0.8ha each in the fields of six farmers at Pipli Khera and Lawar villages in block of Kharkhoda and Sardhana in Meerut district under the programme of “On Farm Testing (OFT)” during October 2017-18 and 2018-19. Two varieties were used in this experiment and Pusa Kiran gladiolus bulbs were supplied to the farmers under treatment T2 was Pusa Kiran whereas T1 was local variety Tigar Flame. The high yielding variety of Pusa Kiran has been compared with local variety i.e, Tigar Flame. The results revealed that among the varieties Pusa Kiran recorded significantly higher number of spikes per plant (1.45 no. of spikes/plant), number of flowers per spike (8.70 no. of flowers/spike), spike length (44.10 cm), and flower spike yield per hectare (143400 no. of spike/ha). The economic parameters viz., benefit cost ratio (1:3.86), marginal benefit cost ratio (17.24) and relative economic efficiency (28.12) were recorded more in Pusa Kiran than Tigar Flame varieties of gladiolus. The Pusa Kiran variety showed superiority over Tigar Flame and with found suitable for western region of Uttar Pradesh.
The growth of an economy can be seen as a progression of its many sectors moving upwards from current levels to higher levels of performance. The physical structure of facilities required to offer goods and services to the general public is referred to as infrastructure. Empirical investigations and theoretical analysis have been conducted on infrastructure development and provision. Infrastructure is inextricably related to the growth of the economy. Infrastructure consists of long-term structures that provide economic inputs such as road networks, train facilities, power, schools, colleges, and hospitals, among others. Haryana, following its creation on November 1, 1966, began its development process later than the other states in the country. Infrastructure is viewed as a forerunner or pace setter for economic progress, and it is one of the most important determinants of economic development. Infrastructure can be considered the bedrock or foundation of the economy because of its impact on economic development. A large building, for example, cannot stand on a shaky foundation, and agricultural and industrial development cannot be conceived without adequate and robust infrastructure. Agriculture and industry have a direct impact on a country's or region's growth. If sufficient infrastructure facilities are provided, economic progress becomes easier and faster. For agricultural development, essential infrastructure facilities such as an appropriate supply of water for irrigation, storage and transportation facilities, a well-organized marketing network, financial institutions for short and long-term finance, and relevant information are required. With the use of these facilities, agricultural productivity can be enhanced at a cheaper cost, and production can be more diverse. However, additional production will be useless if it is unable to reach the market. As a result, integrated transportation infrastructure is required to carry agricultural products to local, national, and international markets.
In India marigold is one of the most commonly grown flowers and used extensively on religious and social functions in different forms. Because of their ease in cultivation, wide adaptability to varying soil and climatic conditions, excellent keeping quality, the marigolds have become one of the most popular flowers in our country. The present study was conducted in two districts viz., Gurugram and Jhajjar of Haryana state. From the selected villagesthirty marigold cultivators was selected randomly for the study. Thus, a total of 120 respondents were finalized from the four randomly selected villages for the present study. The results revealed that majority of the farmers 50.00 per cent were having medium knowledge level regarding marigold cultivation. Regarding concept, importance, harvesting, packing and marketing of marigold majority of the respondents had medium level of adoption. Whereas, in case of agronomic practices and fertilizers application majority of the respondents belonged to low adoption level. Further, from the results it was inferred that, all the selected independent variables together contributed 62.30 per cent variation in the knowledge level of the farmers and 60.50 per cent variation in the adoption level of farmers regarding marigold cultivation.
In India, the advertising industry first emerged during the British era and has since experienced an exponential growth. The fascinating history of its beginnings and growth supports the Indian marketing industry. In fact, given the current circumstances, it is turning out to be the tertiary sector of the Indian economy that is developing the fastest. The Indian economy has been impacted by changes in monetary policies, technical improvements, and globalization, which has boosted the advertising industry. Every firm now considers public relations to be essential, and sponsors are continuously searching for fresh approaches to develop appealing advertising in order to stand out in the crowded market of today. According to the investigators, the economy will continue to rise, leading to significant financial gains and higher requirements for professionalism and inventiveness. The industry also faces a number of difficulties, including the impact on Indian subcultures and customs, the aging of the workforce, the influence and development of regional India, and commitment to financial turn of events. Whatever the case, the company is geared up and working to get over these challenges. The messaging element is essential to every promotion since it creates effect among the targeted interest groups. Oftentimes, the messaging component is referred to as the “advertising appeal.” Because there is now a range of publicizing appeals thanks to the development of advertising systems, it is crucial for advertisers to choose their appeals carefully. In the field of public relations, “social appeal of promotion” is a fresh and developing idea. By influencing the behavior of the target interest group toward the cause, this promotional appeal is the overall idea that builds a brand within the context of a social purpose. The definition of social appeal in advertising is “an integrated advertising method that combines the benefits of brand advertising with those of social advertising.”
A field experiment was conducted during the year 2019 on okra cv. Arka Anamika to ascertain the effect of different plant bioregulators on growth and yield parameters. The field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Campus, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) and replicated three times. The treatments involved in the study were ten in numbers viz. T1 Control (distilled water), T2 (NAA @ 50 ppm), T3 (NAA @ 100 ppm), T4 (NAA @ 150 ppm), T5 (IAA @ 50 ppm), T6(IAA @ 100 ppm), T7(IAA @ 150 ppm), T8(GA3 @ 50 ppm), T9(GA3 @ 100 ppm) and T10(GA3 @ 150 ppm). All variables parameters regarding growth attributes weresignificantly influenced by foliar application of different plant bioregulators. Results revealed that among all the treatments, the foliar application of GA3 @ 150 ppm gave the better effect on vegetative parameters viz. plant height (146.56 cm), leaf length (16.90 cm), leaf width (17.10 cm), root length (31.66 cm), number of leaves per plant (28.46), number of branches per plant (4.80), number of nodes main stem per plant (31.30), fresh weight of plant (342.33 g), dry weight of plant (100.33 g), fruit yield (159.11q/ha) as compared to other treatments.However, maximum root length (31.66 cm) was recorded under the foliar application of IAA @ 150 ppm.
Experience of occupational stress is inevitably involved in the execution of any type of work. Stress has an adaptive value. It motivates the individual to attend to the task and get rid of the tension or demand the unattended task produced. “Workplace stress” is the harmful physical and emotional responses that can happen when there is a conflict between job demands on the employee and the amount of control an employee has over meeting these demands. In general, the combination of high demands in a job and a low amount of control over the situation can lead to stress. Stress in the workplace can have many origins or come from one single event. This study revealed the relationship between the coping strategies and organizational commitment of teacher educators. Result showed that their exist significant relationship between the coping strategies and organizational commitment of teacher educators. Study further showed significant difference between the male and females occupational stress.
India is currently one of the most preferred business investment destinations. In the recent past, there has been a significant growth in the foreign direct investments across various sectors in India. A positive consumer sentiment has further added to the market potential. Firms have substantially increased their promotional spends, thereby contributing to the overall clutter in the marketspace. In order to improve their return on advertising expenditure, it is imperative that marketers and advertisers revisit their approaches to target their markets. Consumer perceptions and behaviour have been transforming at a rapid pace in India in recent years. Consumer perceptions towards marketing promotion, including advertising, have also been evolving. The purpose of the present research is to study consumer perceptions towards various advertising appeals and to examine the relationship between these perceptions and a set of antecedents, namely consumer demographics, consumer judgements about and feeling from the advertisements. the sample size 195 respondents. Primary data for this study was collected. The data was analysed with the help of SPSS using statistical tools such as t test, mean, s.d. The findings of the study confirm that there is a relationship between the respondents? judgements about the advertisement and their perception towards the advertising appeals used in the commercials.
Space farming, like moon farming, involves cultivating crops in space for food and other uses. Feeding space stations and other long-term missions takes time and money. Producing food in flight is intriguing because restocking is expensive and interplanetary expeditions are impossible. Space greenhouses distribute water, nutrients, and oxygen to plant roots using LED lighting, a porous clay base, and controlled-release fertilizer. The station's APH is a plant research growth chamber. Colonists who desire to farm off-Earth will face technical obstacles. Numerous companies want to lead the food production industry to space. Space agriculture could change farming on Earth with higher yields, more efficient production methods, and closed-loop fertilizer and water recycling technologies that maximize resource utilization.
An experiment was conducted under Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to study the effect of different floral preservatives on the vase life of cut gerbera flower cv. Ruby Red. Uniform sized stalks of gerbera at the outer ray florets completely elongated were harvested and kept in 10 different holding solutions comprised of (T0) Distilled water (control), (T1) Sucrose (2%), (T2) Sucrose (4%), (T3) Acetic acid (100 ppm), (T4) Acetic acid (200 ppm),(T5) Sucrose (2%) +Al2(SO4)3(200 ppm), (T6) Sucrose (4%) + Al2(SO4)3(300 ppm),(T7) Sucrose (2%) + Citric acid (100 ppm), (T8) Sucrose (4%) + Citric acid (200 ppm), (T9) Sodium thiosulphate (300 ppm). It was observed that treatment (T6) Sucrose (4%) + Al2(SO4)3(300 ppm) was found best than rest of the treatments and resulted in minimum weight loss (26.46 %) and maximum value for solution uptake (68.80 ml/L), number of days took to freshness (13.76 days), vase life (18.29 days), head and disc diameter (7.43 cm) (4.73 cm) respectively. Although, other treatments show better result than control.
Artificial intelligence is the process by which humans create intelligent machines. It falls under the broad category of computer science that emphasizes the development of physical and intangible systems that not only behave intelligently but also exhibit behavior on a par with how people think and behave, achieving human-like performance in all cognitive tasks through the use of only logical reasoning. AI having wide application in horticulture; By this we can detect diseases, enhance the yield, can control the weed, detect the required nutrient to the plant, by this we can control the use of fertilizers .Learning from prior data and making rapid, efficient decisions are the fundamental building blocks of AI. A part of artificial intelligence called machine learning is where the tools are developed. For the purpose of determining the most mature fruits or vegetables an AI-based automatic method has been created and developed. This method uses an algorithm based on computer vision and machine learning that uses Hear-like features. AI technology is quickly fixing the issues and advising precise steps that need be taken to solve them. AI is effective at keeping track of information and promptly finding solutions. The digital transformation of the agriculture and horticulture sector offers both producers and consumers enormous potential. The next great agricultural and farming revolution is about to begin thanks to the introduction of digital agriculture, industrialization and mechanization of production processes, networking, and data management.
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important cucurbitaceous crop relished for its sweet taste. Before starting any breeding programme it is pertinent to know the inheritance of horticultural traits. By studying the genetics of some horticultural traits and the precise estimation of components of genetic variation, the appropriate breeding strategy can be formulated for their improvement. The present investigation was aimed at the mode of inheritance of some horticultural traits in muskmelon by evaluating biparental progenies (BIPs) which were develop and statistically analyzed by North Carolina Design-III. The sixteen BIPs of two crosses, MM-28 × NDM-21 and Hara Madhu × NDM-21were evaluated. For node at which first pistillate flower opens, the BIPs of cross MM-28 × NDM-21 showed that additive genetic variance was significant but variance due to dominance was non-significant.The average degree of dominance was less than one. For polar diameter of fruit, both additive genetic variance and dominance variance were highly significant but the value of additive genetic variance was higher than the dominance variance. The average degree of dominance was more than one. Similarly, both additive genetic variance and dominance variance were significant but the value of additive genetic variance was more than double to that of dominance variance for equatorial diameter of the fruit. The average degree of dominance was near to one. For vine length, additive genetic variance was highly significant but variance due to dominance was non-significant. The average degree of dominance was less than one. Similarly, the BIPs of cross Hara Madhu × NDM-21, exhibiting additive genetic variance was significant and dominance variance was highly significant for node at which first pistillate flower opens. For polar diameter of fruit and equatorial diameter of fruit additive genetic variance was significant but variance due to dominance was non-significant. The value of additive genetic variance was four times more to dominance variance. However, the results showed that both additive genetic variance and dominance variance were highly significant but the value of additive genetic variance was twice to that of dominance variance for vine length. The average degree of dominance was more than one for node at which first pistillate flower opens, which hinted at exploitation of over-dominance for heterosis but other traits have the degree of dominance less than one, these traits can be improved by simple selection methods.
The present experimental work was conducted during the year 2018-19 on turnip cv. Purple Top White Globe to ascertain the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth parameters. The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Campus, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) and replicated three times. The treatments involved in the study were eight in numbers i.e. T1 Control (No fertilizers), T2 (RDF (120 : 60 : 60) NPK Kg/ha), T3 (Farm yard manure @ 24 tonnes/ha ), T4 ( Vermicompost @ 6 tonnes/ha), T5 (75%RDF + Farm yard manure @ 6 tonnes/ha), T6 (75%RDF + Vermicompost @ 1.5 tonnes/ha), T7 (50%RDF + Farm yard manure @ 12 tonnes/ha), T8 (50%RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 tonnes/ha). All variable parameters regarding growth attributes were significantly influenced by various combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The present investigation results indicated that application of 50%RDF + Vermicompost @ 3 tonnes/ha gave maximum vegetative growth viz., plant height (39.95cm), number of leaves per plant (17.3), leaf length (38.49cm), fresh weight of plant with root (305.13g), dry weight of plant with root (28.20g), fresh weight of plant without root (114.15g), dry weight of plant without root (16.00g) and yield (277.84q/ha) as compared to other treatments.
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) present in the rhizosphere play a vital role in increasing the bioavailability of soil phosphate for plant through solubilization and mineralization. The present study aimed at analysing PSB from different rhizospheres and testing isolates on growth of mung bean plant at different medium with the future prospects. PSB were isolated by spread plate technique using Pikovskaya's medium (PVK) and further identified using appropriate biochemical test. Pot experimentswereusing for green gram plant rhizosphere soil to determine the efficiency of the isolated PSB on growth of mung bean. The total number of 6 microbial isolates with halo-zone of phosphate solubilization more than 5mm were isolated from the various rhizosphere soils samples. All of the 6 isolates showed in the efficiency to phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas). All over the results were significantly.Therefore, they can be used as biofertilizer to enhance the availability of P in the soil and improving the efficiency of mung bean and other crops as like black gram, pea and gram.
The present study was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Horticultural Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Modipuram, Meerut. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) on a 6-year-old guava orchard and the number of treatments was 4, each replicated 3 times. Each treatment consisted of one plant. A total 12 plants were selected for study spaced at a distance of 3×3 m. The obtained results showed that the number of flowers per plant, stem girth, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width were found significant. On the other side, number of primary branches and plant heightwere found to be non-significant. The results of present study indicate that on the basis of their vegetative behaviour, Dhawal appeared to be superior variety in terms of tree morphology and other as moderate. Further, it can be concluded that variety Shweta had more productivity and the fruits of Dhawal and Shweta were having more marketable fruit traits.
Horticulture could benefit from using nanotechnology, which has the potential to disrupt and alter a number of industries. Crop production, plant breeding, pest control, and post-harvest technologies are just a few of the many activities that fall under the umbrella of horticulture, the science and art of nurturing plants. Exciting potential exist to address significant issues facing the horticulture sector, such as increasing crop output, promoting plant nutrient uptake, controlling diseases, and reducing environmental consequences. Nanotechnology-based methods have been investigated in the field of crop production to optimize nutrient delivery systems, enhance seed germination, and enhance plant development in general. A controlled release and targeted distribution of fertilizers, insecticides, and growth regulators are made possible by nanoparticles and nano coatings, which maximizes their effectiveness and reduces wastage. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of soil conditions, water availability, and plant health using nano sensors and nano biosensors has proven invaluable in enabling accurate and effective crop management techniques. Nanotechnology has potential for managing diseases and protecting plants. Nanoparticles have antibacterial qualities, making them an environmentally acceptable alternative to conventional pesticides made of chemicals. They can efficiently battle plant illnesses while reducing negative effects on the environment thanks to their capacity to limit pathogen growth, improve plant defense mechanisms, and provide particular bioactive substances. Early pathogen identification is made possible by nanotechnology-driven biosensors, allowing for prompt intervention and a reduction in crop losses. There are still difficulties despite the enormous promise of nanotechnology in gardening. Thorough study and risk evaluation are required due to the safety implications of nanoparticles on human health and the environment. For the successful integration of nanotechnology into horticulture practices, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory frameworks are also crucial factors.
Climate-resilient and sustainable development in horticulture holds immense importance in addressing climate change, ensuring food security, and promoting environmental sustainability. By integrating innovative approaches, such as climate-smart agriculture, vertical farming, and water- efficient practices, the horticulture industry can adapt to climate challenges while minimizing resource consumption. Sustainable development principles, including biodiversity conservation, fair trade practices, and community empowerment, contribute to a more inclusive and equitable agricultural system. Success stories from the Netherlands, Costa Rica, and India highlight the transformative potential of climate-resilient and sustainable horticulture, inspiring further action. By investing in research, collaboration, and market incentives, we can create a greener future and pave the way for a resilient and sustainable horticulture industry. Climate change is a global threat to the food and nutritional security of the world. As greenhouse-gas emissions in the atmosphere are increasing, the temperature is also rising due to the greenhouse effect. The concentration of CO2, which accounts for a major proportion of greenhouse gases, is increasing at an alarming rate, and has led to higher growth and plant productivity due to increased photosynthesis, but increased temperature offsets this effect as it leads to increased crop respiration rate and evapotranspiration, higher pest infestation, a shift in weed flora, and reduced crop duration.
Being one of the most important vegetable in this country, okra is also growing various partof the world due to its robust growing nature. Increasing in use of chemical fertilizers day by day not only cause harm to soil condition but also harms to all over environment as well as humanhealth.Use of bio-inoculants as bio-fertilizers has become alternative to chemical fertilizers. Bio-inoculants as seed treatment, seed priming and soil application can significantly increaseseed germination. Especially when it used as presoaking. Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and other are use as bio-fertilizers. Use of various bio- fertilizers with organicmanure like cow dung, vermicompost,etc. and chemical fertilizers not only increase the production of okra crop but also reduce thequantity of recommended dose of chemical fertilizers.Quality of okra can be also increased when application of bio-fertilizers is done along with lesser dose of chemical and other conventional fertilizers.
Vegetable production activities are very high labor demanding, during various activitiesworkers adopted different postures like bending, twisting, standing, and sitting which aredirectly associated with drudgery and occupational health hazards.The purpose of combiningergonomics with farm workers who are engaged in the vegetable production system is to reducedrudgery and provide an appropriate working environment that enhances their workingcapacity as well as productivity. The present study was carried out in vegetable research centerPantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand to study activity profile and to assess work-related health hazards among farm workers by analyzing their work postures, duringland preparation, nursery preparation, sowing, transplanting, weeding, irrigation, spreading ofmanure and harvesting of tomato, broccoli, and garlic vegetable production. The totalpopulation sample of respondents (N=30) was selected for descriptive data on differentactivities from land preparation to harvesting vegetables. The descriptive data was collectedwith the help of an interview schedule and postural analysis methods such as REBA, RULA,and OWAS. The RULA, REBA, and OWAS scores were analyzed with the help of ERGO FELLOWsoftware, whereas SPSS version 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis such asfrequency, percentages, mean, and multiple linear regression). The analysis of data revealedthat farm workers suffered from various health hazards during the various activities of thetomato, broccoli, and garlic vegetable production system.It was found that joint pain is a causeof concern in harvesting, transplanting, weeding, and irrigation activity. It was also found thatin multiple linear regression of work-related health hazards, the “p” value is found to be highlysignificant for the age of the respondent, which indicates that the age of the respondents has ahigh impact on work-related health hazards in the vegetable production system in tomato,broccoli, and garlic.
