In this paper, by adopting the methodology of Gini Coefficient as well as Variation Coefficient,the fairness of Shenyang social endowment insurance system is measured based on the detailed insurance payment and treatment data. It is concluded that the pension income is obviously unfair as a result of pension generation gap and pension contribution. One of the main causes is the independent civil servant pension system. Therefore, it is imperative to unify social endowment insurance system. In addition, the low level of substitution rate for urban and rural residents, which is far lower than that of other groups, will probably be the most significant acting factor of pension fairness.
In China's bank-based financial system, the banking market structure not only determines theefficiency and soundness of the banking industry, but also has greater effect on the stability of the financialsystem and in turn on the economic growth and stability. It is highly necessary to continue to monitor and assess the changes and effects of the banking market structure. Based on the provincial panel data over the period from 2005 to 2014, the paper explores the relationship between the banking market structure and financialstability at the regional level, using the z-score of regional systemically important banks as a proxy indicatorfor regional financial stability. It provides empirical evidence that the greater concentration of the regionalbanking market has a negative impact on the regional financial stability across the country, which is consistentwith the Concentration-Fragility View. The relationship varies in different regions. Therefore, financial marketreforms should be deepened to promote competition, efficiency and performance in banking industry, and thereform policy diversified to improve the regional financial development and stability as well.
With technological development, the telephone has gradually become an important way for companies to contact customers and in turn the quality of telephone service has become a key to influencing customers' satisfaction and loyalty. Thus,measuring the quality of telephone service will help companies know how to improve their telephone service. However, at present,the connotation, classification and quality measurement of telephone service are still under dispute. By redefining the connotation of telephone service, the paper classifies telephone service systematically from the aspect of differentiated motivation and explores the quality control of all kinds of telephone service to provide some theoretical basis for companies to improve their telephone service.
As the central city in Liaoning Costal Economic Zone, Dalian has formulated certain relevant legal documents in order to support the development of this area, though the scale is small and the coordination less effective. Therefore, some measures should be taken such as expanding the scope of legislation adjustment, paying attention to the transformation from polices and administrative normative documents to legislation, propelling regional legislation joint as well as attaching importance to the use of policy and legal performance evaluation mechanism, so as to provide more legal support and protection for the development of Liaoning Costal Economic Zone.
This paper gives a comprehensive interpretation about strategic rigidity and unveils its mystery from the following four perspectives: asset specificity, structural stability, memory of cultural organizations and entrepreneurs' cognitive inertia. It also explores the negative effects on entrepreneurs' development after strategic rigidity is formed. The paper ends up with countermeasures to overcome strategic rigidity in terms of resource flexibility, organizational flexibility, cultural flexibility and leadership flexibility.
By referring to the 2001-2012 data of foreign trade in Northeast China and Northeast Asia,the article explores the present situation of the regional economic cooperation between the old industrial base in Northeast China and Northeast Asia as well as the industrial structure in the old industrial base in Northeast China. It focuses on the impact of regional economic cooperation in Northeast Asia on the structure optimization and upgrading in Northeastern old industrial base. Finally, it proposes recommendations based on the conclusion.
Objective: To prepare the chitosan microspheres able to encapsulate both 5-fluorouracil and succinyl oleanolic acid. Methods: The ion-crosslinked method w as selected to prepare chitosan microspheres. Both 5-fluorouracil and succinyl oleanolic acid w ere entrapped in the chitosan microsphere. The parameters for preparing the microsphere w ere optimized by single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiments. The particle size distribution,zeta potential and the drug release profiles in buffer solution w ere also investigated. Results: Through single factor and orthogonal experiment optimization,entrapment efficiency of microspheres of fluorouracil by ionic crosslinking reached 53. 9%. The mass ratio of 5-fluorouracil and succinyloleanolic acid to chitosan ratio w as 1 ∶ 10 and 1 ∶ 30,respectively. The microspheres w ere round in shape,smooth surface,uniform particle size distribution,average particle diameter of(563 ± 101)nm. In vitro drug release studies show ed slightly retarded release rate of the microspheres.Conclusion: The ion cross-linked method for preparing chitosan microspheres entrapped both5-fluorouracil and succinyl oleanolic acid w as established stably and feasibly. The microspheres show ed good sustained release characteristics.
The heat transfer of sulfur and sulfur-containing compounds in coal is one of the most key scientific problems for coal processing and clean utilization. In this w ork,the heat transfer of elemental suflur under 225 ~ 300 ℃ using the methyl group from paraxylene as the lively hydrogen source w as investigated. The reaction products w ere quantitatively and qualitatively characterized by GC-M S. The results indicate that there are nineteen GC-M S detectable products,among w hich the main tw o products are 4,4 u0027-dimethyldiphenylethane( I) and 4,4 u0027-dimethyldiphenylethene( II). In addition,there are four sulfur-containing compounds w hich are all thiophene-like compounds. Tw o pure coupling products 4,4 u0027-dimethyldiphenylethane( I) and 4,4u0027-dimethyldiphenylethene( II) w ere seperated and characterized. The reaction mechanism w asdiscussed primarily,w hich w as considered as radical reaction. The present w ork show s that the elemental sulfur mainly can move out in the form of H2 S,another little amount of sulfur is transferred to heterocyclic thiophene-like compounds w hich are very stable.
China has started the transition to a market economy since the Decentralization reforms.Because there are some problems of quantity, structures and institutions in economics, the basic macroeconomic characteristics contain cyclical fluctuations, greater efficiency losses and welfare costs.Correspondingly, the stabilization policy effects are far from perfect, and how to improve the effectiveness of stabilization policy has become an urgent problem. In August 2007, the US sub-prime mortgage crisis broke out, causing worldwide financial turmoil and global economic recession. In response to the crisis, the U.S.Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan embarked on quantitative easing monetary policy, which not only somewhat stimulated their domestic market, but also undoubtedly led to enormous spillover effect in other countries, such as China. PBOC had to passively increase money supply, which would add to inflationary pressures. In this context, the growth-inflation trade-off has become key element of monetary policy implementation. The sacrifice ratio measures the real output cost per unit of permanent decrease in inflation, so policymaker need to focus on it. In this article, we looks at three techniques used to estimate sacrifice ratio, then based on data from the first quarter of 1994 to the fourth quarter of 2012, the ratio estimates from the aggregate supply curve.
With the rapid development of computer technology,netw ork security has become an important guarantee of social development. There are a lot of sensitive information,or even state secrets w ill attract to various attacks. Campus netw ork play a crucial role in the study and management of the daily w ork of schools. How to make safe and efficient operation of the campus netw ork,give full play to teaching,management and service functions,has become an issue cannot be ignored. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics and common threats to the campus netw ork security management,netw ork security commonly used techniques such as firew alls,VLAN,and so on,made a series of security policy for the campus netw ork characteristics.
在金融垄断资本主义时代的大背景下,“三元悖论”成为世界各国研究宏观经济政策组合的理论基础.近年来,中外学术界对“三元悖论”的研究有了进一步的发展.数据模型分析都表明“三元悖论”存在非角点解,即“三元悖论”存在中间状态.新发展的“三元悖论”可以应用于我国的货币政策的选择、汇率制度选择和资本流动政策选择.长期来看我国的政策组合将是:有效的货币政策,逐渐市场化的汇率制度和逐渐放开管制的资本流动政策.
This paper using a set of flowinjection analysis system,studies the nanoγ-Al2O3 to V( V) adsorption behavior,inspected the adsorption parallel time,p H value,the temperature of the influence of the factors adsorption process. Use the solid-liquid interaction,the method of calculating the adsorbent( γ-Al2O3) and adsorption quality( v) interaction performance. The results showthat nanometerγ-Al2O3 to V( V) when the adsorption of 3 min basic balance,p H = 4- 11 range can be quantitatively adsorption. Adsorption onγ- Al2O3V( V) can use 0. 2 mol / L K3PO4 and 1 mol H2SO4 with mixed solution,just 5 min backwashing rate of more than 95%. Adsorption processes meet Langmuir and D- R isotherm equation,for ion exchange primarily. Has good fitting,correlation coefficient( r) are greater than 0. 977.
Individual-based landscape genetic methods have become more and more popular for detecting how fine-scale landscape influences gene flow. Gene flow and landscape features are often contacted w ith geography,w hich leads to difficulty and complication for individual-based methods. One method of partial statistics,M antel tests,often correlate genetic differentiation and landscape variables by controlling the effects of geography. In this study,w e use simulated landscapes to evaluate the performance of partial M antel tests and ordination method for detecting isolation by landscape resistance. We described the effects of suitable habitat proportion and fragmentation on metrics of accuracy( frequency of correct results) for each simulation of geneflow. M antel tests exhibited higher accuracy in landscape genetic simulation w ith low habitat amount,and the accuracy increased w ith increasing fragment. Ordination methods w ere effective for detecting isolation by resistance in different suitable habitat amount. A combination of statistical tests can provide higher accuracy for further landscape genetic simulation study.
Research-based teaching method is one of the most efficient w ays for the multiabilities such as learning ability,inquiry ability and innovation ability for college students. The concept of research-based teaching is applied to our "Computational M aterials Science "course introduced in this paper. According to the features of the course,open questions w ere designed,then group assignment,student feedback system and exam method w ere also designed for students.The assignments are for the students groups,not for single student. Through this w ay,w e can foster student the sense of teamw ork and spirit of cooperation and team-w ork skill as w ell. We also can stimulate student interests to explore,foster their ability to analyze and solve problems by using the combination of teaching and researching method. Then w e can achieve the goal of fosteringstudents research ability and innovation ability.
Dalian is located at the southern tip of Liaodong peninsula ow ning quite a few islands. An investigation of w ild vascular plants diversity w as conducted on five typical islands.Based on the result,439 w ild vascular plants w ere recorded belonged to 260 genera and 81 families,including 16 pteridophytes belonged to 9 genera and 9 families,3 gymnosperms belonged to 2 genera and 2 families,and 420 angiosperms belonged to 249 genera and 70 families. There is a various composition of species as w ell as a scattered composition of genera. The flora w as composed of in a large part of temperate elements and also accounts for certain tropical elements.The similarities betw een each of these islands are low. M eanw hile similarity coefficients betw een nearby islands are related to the area,the distance from the shore and the degree of artificial disturbance. M oreover the speciation-area relationship of the five islands accords w ith the theory of island biogeography reported by M ac Arthur RH. The amount of plant species of the five islandsincreases as the island area increase.
The disciplinary construction public has its own resources and practice. Certainly, the process the disciplinary construction has been influenced American public discipline construction thought. This exploration process may be divided into four stages on the whole: the coexistence popular application and American public the substitution of the popular history by the populace history, the construction Chinese populace history or public history according to the pattern in public, and the establishment the real public history. The discipline formation public is typical in being rooted in culture and learning from the Western experience. We must build the public discipline system with characteristics.
In the course of exploring the popularization of Marxism, early Marxists were restricted by many negative factors, which affected the realization of the popularization of Marxism. Those factors, including insufficient research on Marxism, the lack of reliable media resources, and the shortage of powerful mechanism, in addition to meager funds and the low level of mass culture, affected the depth, breadth and validity of the popularization of Marxism.
This paper deals w ith reliable control problem for a class of nonlinear cascade sw itched systems w ith time delay and uncertainties. By combining M ultiple Lyapunov Function w ith average dw ell time approach,the state feedback controller is designed and the exponential stability of corresponding closed-loop system is obtained in actuator failure case.
