Objective To find an effective therapeutic intervention for acute lung injury induced by perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) inhalation. Methods Kunming mice were exposed to gaseous PFIB for 5 minutes in a dynamic whole-body exposure system. Effects of tetracycline hydrochloride (TET) on the lung toxicities and the mortality caused by PFIB inhalation were studied. Results Both TET pretreatment(40 mg/kg, ip, 20 min before inhalation) and treatment(40 mg/kg, ip, 60 min after exposure) significantly lowered the mortality when PFIB [(170±5) mg/m 3] was inhaled for 5 minutes. Furthermore, lung indexes were improved and the protein concentration in BALF in mice was significantly lower. Conclusion The preventative and therapeutic effects of TET against the toxicity of PFIB inhalation are identified, although the mechanisms of which needs further clarification.
ObjectiveTo study the prevalence feature, syntheses dust-proof effect and/or precaution. MethodsSQL SERVER 2000 database was built before all data of 8 985 pneumoconiosis cases were filled in the form card designed by the national pneumoconiosis epidemiological office. Then the data were processed by SPSS10.0 statistical software package. Results The prevalence, the death rate and the complicated tuberculosis of the pneumoconiosis were 6.94%, 29.88% and 18.99%,respectively. The average course of the disease was 12.56 years. Tuberculosis stood first on the list of ten main causes of death, followed by pneumoconiosis and lung cancer. The average working-age, the age and the average duration of stage deterioration were (21.647.09) years, (49.717.99) years,and (8.296.56) () or (9.965.88) () years. With the stage of pneumoconiosis increasing,the rate of complicated tuberculosis and mortality rose obviously. ConclusionThe morbidity and mortality of pneumoconiosis in the area is relatively higher. The work of prevention and treatment should be focused on the companies of well-construction and township coalmines. Prevention for tuberculosis should also be strengthened.
Objective To screen specific interference sequence which can induce gene silencing of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR).Methods Four different sequences were selected based on the RNA interference design principle.Each sense and anti-sense small interference RNA(siRNA) cassettes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using plasmid contained human U6 promoter as template.Mixed and purified cassettes were transfected into 16HBE.The total RNA were isolated and employed to quantitative competitive PCR to detect the mRNA expression difference of target gene and to determine the efficiency of interference.Results The average mRNA expression inhibition rates of siRNA expression cassettes containing interfere sequence a493,a671,a1337 and a1885 were 61.6%,-0.5%,78.6% and 95.4% respectively.Conclusion The effective interfere sequence for AhR from candidate sequences was screened by siRNA cassettes amplified by PCR,and offered conditions for studying the gene function of AhR.
Objective To study the effect of clenbuterol on limb bud cells of embryo of rats.Methods The micromass rat embryonic limb bud cell culture was used to determine the effects of clenbuterol on proliferation and differentiation of limb bud cells.Results Both the rate of proliferation and differentiation of rat embryonic limb bud cells were decreased with a dose-effect relation. The concentration of cell survival or proliferation by 50% of the control (IP_(50)) and the inhibitory concentration of the formation of differentiated foci by 50% of the control (ID_(50)) were shown to be 0.34 μg/L and 0.09 μg/L respectively. The rate of IP_(50)/ ID_(50) of clebuterol was 3.78.Conclusion Clenbuterol can inhibite the proliferation and differentiation of limb bud cells of rat embryo.
Objective Benchmark dose(BMD) was applied to determine the critical concentration of blood lead which led to adverse effects on neurobehavior. Methods 135 lead-exposed workers in one storage battery plant and 143 normal controls were tested with WHO neurobehavioral core test battery (WHO/NCTB). The logistic model in BMDS Version 1.3.1 was used to calculate BMD and the lower limit of BMD 95% confidence range(BMDL). Results The scores of positive mood states(POMSV), digital span(DSP)and pursuit aiming(PA) in lead exposure workers with blood lead1.93μmol/L changed significantly; all indices in WHO/NCTB changed except simple reaction time(SRT) in lead exposed workers with blood lead≥1.93 μmol/L .The results of linear trend test indicated there was a significant dose-effect relationship between exposure dose (blood lead) and WHO/NCTB indices except SRT and DSP. The study on BMD showed that depression-dejection (POMSD) of profile of mood states(POMS) was the most sensitive among all indices of WHO/NCTB. The BMD and BMDL of blood lead were 1.37 and 1.17μmol/L respectively. POMS is much more sensitive than neurobehavior indices. Conclusion POMS can be regarded as a sensitive index in evaluating lead-induced neurobehavioral impairment. The critical concentration of blood lead for neurobehavioral damage is estimated to be 1.17 μmol/L.
Objective To provide the background data to evaluate the morbidity of goitre affected by normal or fallout of a nuclear power plant. Methods 4 003 7 to 14-year-old children living within 30 km of radius around a nuclear power plant were first checked by the palpation, then 30% of them were randomly chosen to checked by ultrasonic B. The contents of iodine in salt that all children consumed and urine iodine in 216 children were determined. Results The morbidity of goiter was 8.34% among 4 003 subjects, but it was exceeded 10% in A town. Under ultrasonic examination, the morbidity of goiter was 9.69% among 1 590 subjects. The children in A town still had the highest morbidity of over 10%. Conclusion Some regions are probably endemic goiter prevalent areas.
Objective To study extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) producing bacilli causing pulmonary infection and drug resistance in coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients. Methods 264 Gram-negative bacilli isolated from sputum samples of coal pneumoconiosis patients suffering from pulmonary infection were detected for the presence of ESBLs, and drug resistance assay was subsequently conducted to ESBLs-producing strains. Results 62 strains (23.48%) were found ESBLs positive, including mainly 29 K. pneumoniae and 27 E. coli. All ESBLs-producing bacilli showed high resistance to cefetaxime and ceftazidime as well as ampicillin. Cefoxitin showed powerful antibacterial activity to ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli, while ESBLs-producing P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae showed 100% resistance to cefoxitin. Imipenem was high effective to all ESBLs-producing bacilli except for P. aeruginosa. Netilmicin, amikacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin had feeble antibacterial effects on ESBLs-producing bacilli. Conclusions It seems that pulmonary infection caused by ESBLs-producing bacilli, especially by ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli, is quite serious in coal pneumoconiosis patients. Imipenem may be considered as the preferred drug to cope with ESBLs-producing bacilli except for P. aeruginosa, and necessary measures should be applied to prevent the occurrence of pulmonary infection caused by ESBLs-producing bacilli.
Objective To explore molecular mechanism of B(a)p carcinogenesis, and to study the alteration of gene and protein expressions in human bronchial epithelial malignantly transformed cells induced by benzo(a)pyrene metabolite trans-benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide (trans-BPDE). Methods The altered gene expression patterns in trans-BPDE-induced malignantly transformed cells were detected by cDNA microarray which representing 4 096 different genes. The differential protein expression patterns in malignantly transformed cells were analyzed by two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and the ImageMaster 3.10 software. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/inoization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with database search was applied to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Results Compared with those of the negative control cells, 143 genes in BPDE-induced malignantly transformed cells were altered in expression, 52 of which were up-regulated and 91 were down-regulated; the levels of 72 proteins in malignantly transformed cells were changed, 44 of which were increased, while 28 decreased. And 7 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, showing v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3, zinc finger protein 127, KIAA0471 protein (Fragment), and peroxiredoxin 2 were significantly up-regulated, while calcium-binding protein 5, zinc finger protein Aiolos, Kelch-like protein 3 were significantly down-regulated in malignantly transformed cells. Conclusions There are significant alterations of gene and protein profiles in malignantly transformed cells induced by trans-BPDE . The altered genes and proteins might be associated with B(a)p carcinogenesis.
Objective To study kidney damage induced by aristolochia manshuriensis kom (AMK) in mice and the effect of neutralization of tea polyphonel (TP). Methods Mice were divided into 5 groups:1 control group, 1 AMK group and 3 TP groups (TP1, TP2 and TP3). Animals were administrated with sterile saline (control group) or AMK (AMK group and TP groups) at the dose of 5 g·kg -1·day -1 by gavage. Mice in TP groups were also exposed to TP (dissolved in saline) by gavage at the doses of 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 g·kg -1·day -1 respectively. The levels of Zn, Cu, Mg in kidney tissues were measured. Results Compared with the control, the weights of body and kidney in AMK group were lower (P0.01). The levels of Zn and Mg were higher (P0.01) but the content of Cu was lower (P0.01) in AMK group. When mice were administrated with different doses of TP, the weights of body and kidney, and the content of Cu in kidney increased, and the level of Zn and Mg decreased, showing significant differences (P0.05) especially at the dose of 3.0 g·kg -1·day -1 TP group. Conclusion The dysfunction of kidney may be caused by the loss of trace elements in kidneys induced by AMK. TP may has the effect of neutralization on the damages.
Objective To study the antagonism of cow-bezoar and bilirubin on the lipid peroxidation of ICR mice induced by trichloroethylene (TCE). Methods The model of lipid peroxidation was established by administering TCE to ICR mice by gavage. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, MDA in liver and kidney were then measured. Results The activities of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT were lower and the quantity of MDA was higher in TCE groups, as compared with those in the negative controls, and the differences reached statistically significant level(P0.05). The activities of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT were higher, while the the quantity of MDA was lower in cow-bezoar and bilirubin groups, as compared with those in the negative controls, and significant differences were also shown (P0.05). Conclusion Cow-bezoar and bilirubin could inhibit lipid peroxidation on ICR mice induced by TCE.
ObjectiveTo search the differential expressed genes of low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) inducing the human embryo lung fibroblast (MRC-5). MethodsWith the method of MTT, the dose-effect relation of H_2O_2 toxicity to MRC-5 was built by means of MTT. The cellular viability of MRC-5 was observed after being treated separately with H_2O_2 by low concentration, high concentration, low concentration pretreatment then high concentration attack. When adaptive response model was selected, fluorescence differential display polymerase chain reaction (Fluoro DD-PCR) was used to search differential expressed genes of the different treatment groups of H_2O_2. ResultsBased on the dose-effect relation of H_2O_2 to MRC-5, (0.088), 0.88, 8.8, 88 μmol/L were chosen as low concentration, 1 100 μmol/L as high concentration . MRC-5 was pretreated with low concentration for 24 hours, and then attacked with high concentration for 1 hour .Cellar viability was observed and adaptive response model was found and 60 differential expressed straps were acquired by fluoro DD-PCR. 15 differential straps were cloned and sequenced. 7 of them were known genes, while 8 of them were new ones. ConclusionH_2O_2 could induce adaptive response of MRC-5, differential straps could be identified to provide scientific base for deepening the research of the mechanism of low concentration H_2O_2 inducing adaptive response of MRC-5.
Objective To evaluate the economic burden of occupational poisoning induced by organic solvents. Methods All the factories with the patients of occupational poisoning by organic solvents from January.1,2001 to December 30,2002 were surveyed. Results 24 factories and 96 patients were surveyed. The poisonous solvents were n-hexane, trichloroethylene, dichloroethane and mixed organic solvents. In these two years, the total economic burden was 8 059 095.2 yuan and the average was 64 992.7 yuan per person per year. The direct cost was 4 756 313.2 yuan (59.0%),the indirect cost was 922 782.0 yuan (11.5%),and the intangible cost was 2 380 000 yuan (29.5%). Conclusion The economic burden of occupational poisoning induced by organic solvents was very heavy. Much intervention should be done to prevent the occupational poisoning, such as to carry out Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease of China. It would be very worthwhile to protect the labor and so to promote the development of local economy.
ObjectiveTo observe the estrogenicity activity of alphamethrin and theta-cypermethrin. MethodsTwo pyrethroid pesticides, alphamethrin and theta-cypermethrin, were selected to perform Uterotropic Assay in NIH mice and in emasculated SD rats, as well as the proliferation assay with human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by MTT method. ResultsThe weights of uteri were significantly increased in the group exposed to β-estradiol, but were not increased in two pesticide groups in rats and mice. Compared with the control group, the absorbencies were significantly increased in the groups exposed to ostadiol and pyrethroid at 10~(-8)~10~(-10) mol/L. Two of the pyrethroed pesticides were able to stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7 cell to some extent, the order of their proliferate abilities were listed as follows: alphamethrintheta-cypermethrin. ConclusionNo obvious estrogenic effects of two pyrethroid pesticides are found in rats and mice in vivo. It is seemed that two pyrethroids have estrogenicity-like effects in MCF-7 cells.
Objective To study the brain stem ultrastructure changes in seasickness susceptible rats.Methods SD rats were stimulated by seasickness simulator. Brain stems were taken to observe the ultrastructure changes.Results Rat seasickness model was successfully established. Ultrastructure changes of sickness susceptible rats included mitochondrion edema, rough endoplasmic reticulum dilataltion and nucleus notch, which was similar to the pathologic changes of anoxia.Conclusion It is suspected that there may be some relationship between seasickness susceptibility and anoxia in brain stem vestibular area.
Objective To understand occupational hygienic circumstances in small wood furniture enterprises.Methods The investigation for the status of occupational hygienic administration was carried out with environment on the spot and the health of the workers were examined in the enterprises.Results Various problems were found on the occupational hygienic management and facilities in the 135 wood furniture enterprises. The qualified rate of wood dust concentration was 58.4%, while methyl benzene was 84.5% and noise intensity was 68.5%. Health examination indicated that the incidence of chronic rhinitis, nose inside flection, chronic pharyngitis, small airway functional obstacle, chest slice were increased, and that tooth bleeding, white blood cell reduction, blood platelets decrease and hearing loss in the exposed group were obviously higher, compared with the control group (P0.01). Conclusion Occupational hazardous factors in wood furniture enterprises have affected the workers'health.
Objective To study the effect of manganese on neuron-specific enolase (NSE) activities in the caudate putamen nucleus and substantia nigra of filial rats during intrauterine exposure. Methods Pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including group A, group B and group C. Group A was used as the control, group B and group C received intraperitoneal injections of manganese chloride (MnCl2) at the doses of 38 mol/kg and 78 mol/kg respectively for 8 times every other day. After normal delivery, the activities of NSE in the caudate putamen nucleus and substantia nigra of 21-day-old filial rats’ brains were determined with peroxidase conjugated method. Results NSE activity in the caudate putamen nucleus of group C was decreased significantly compared with that of group A (P0.01) and group B (0.01P0.05) [Integral Absorbency (IA) were 15.38±2.53 in group A, 12.86±1.26 in group B, 7.95±1.03 in group C]. NSE activity in the substantia nigra of group C was decreased compared with group A and group B (P0.01), NSE activity of group B was lower than that of group A (P0.01,IA were 19.86±2.11 in group A, 12.08±2.10 in group B, 6.31±0.08 in group C). Conclusion It seems that the activities of NSE in the caudate putamen, nucleus and substantia nigra of brains of filial rats could be inhibited after intrauterine exposure to MnCl2, causing abnormal cell energy metabolism, which is harmful to the growth and development of the filial rats’ brains.
Objective To research the health status of the patients in a poisoning accident caused by trimethyltin chloride 6 years ago.Methods Twenty-nine poisoned patients and 26 controls who lived in the same village were interviewed. Nerve reflex were examined by a neurologist, and their blood and hair samples were collected. Measured parameters included tin content of hair, liver function and anaemia.Results The interview showed that main rudimetal symptoms were hypomnesia and headache. The frequencies of the decreased patellar reflex and achilles reflex in patients were significantly higher than the controls.Conclusion Adverse effects still remain in the nerve system in the patients 6 years after the accident, but correlations are not found between blood biochemistry indexes,tin contents of hair and the accident.
Objective To explore the changes of electrocardiogram(ECG) and hearing on the workers exposed to medium or low intensity noise. Methods A hygienic investigation in the workplaces was carried out in a petrochemical company. The results of ECG and hearing examination on 249 noise exposers were compared with 92 controls. Results The intensities in 95 noise points were measured and 15 points (15.8%) exceeded the national hygienic standard. The noise intensity and average noise intensity were 53.6～98.0 dB(A) and (81.7±5.8)dB(A) respectively, while the noise intensity in control rooms was(56.7±2.7) dB(A). A significantly higher detecting rate(28.1%) of abnormal ECG in exposure group was found, compared with the control group(16.3%,P0.05), and sinus arrhythmia(11.6%) was the most remarkable finding. The workers exposed to noise had a significantly higher abnormal rate(18.9%) of hearing than that of the control(7.6%,P0.01),showing the damages increasing with the length of service, especially in those working for more than 15 years. Conclusion ECG and hearing in workers could be affected with long-term exposure to medium low intensity noise, even if the exposure average level was lower than the limited level of hygienic standard.
Objective To evaluate the relationship between the polymorphism of genes CYP2C9 and the susceptibility to lung cancer. Methods The patients with lung cancer (LC group,n=56) diagnosed clinically or/and cytologically were selected. And the control group(n=42) were also selected from the same areas. The genotype frequencies of AvaⅠ and Nsi Ⅱwere analysed with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment length Polymorphlism (PCR-RFLP) in the LC group and the control group. Results The mutation genotype of CYP2C9~*3 was found in LC group (8.93%), which was not significantly higher than that in the control group (4.76%), and the OR=1.96(95%CI=0.63-10.33). The mutation genotype of CYP2C9~*2 was not found in both the LC group and the control group. Conclusion There was no association between the mutation genotype of CYP2C9~*3 and the susceptibility of lung cancer in this study.
Objective To explore the effect of combined exposure of formaldehyde and benzene on DNA and RNA synthesis in spleen and thymic lymphocytes in mice. Methods Mice were intraperitoneally injected with formaldehyde and benzene at various doses. The assay of radioactive compounds ( 3H-thymidine and 14C-Uridine) incorporation was used to detect the effect of DNA and RNA synthesis in spleen and thymic lymphocytes. Results The percentages of 3H-thymidine and 14C-Uridine incorporation disintegrations per minute (dpm) of spleen and thymic lymphocytes by combined exposure to formaldehyde and benzene in mice were much lower than those exposed alone to formaldehyde or benzene (P0.05). Conclusion It was suggested that formaldehyde and benzene could have a combinatively inhibitive effect on DNA and RNA synthesis in spleen and thymic lymphocytes in mice.
