In December 2019, the outbreak of a new type of acute viral respiratory disease (pneumonia) was reported in central China and the number of people infected with it increased rapidly. Specialists named the disease COVID-19 and identified its origin as a virus called SARSCoV-2. So far, no effective drug has been developed that can be used to definitively treat this disease, but some drugs have been identified and introduced that have shown a significant impact on the recovery of patients. In this review study, several published articles on the structure, characteristics, origin and prevalence of COVID-19 virus, as well as drugs used to inhibit COVID-19 virus, were reviewed. All the documents and articles have been collected from reputable sites PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus with keywords such as "COVID-19", "Coronavirus 2019" and "COVID-19 and drugs". Among the drugs studied in this study, lupinavir and ritonavir have been clinically evaluated in many cases along with complementary drugs such as Interferon Alfa, and the results indicate the effectiveness of this drug in reducing the load capacity of the Betacoronaviruses family. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been shown to be effective in limiting the replication of COVID-19 in vitro. The antiviral drug amantadine reduces the virus' replication capacity due to its disruption of the lysosomal pathway. Amantadine, as an anti-influenza drug, prevents the virus from uncoating and releasing its nucleic acid into the respiratory epithelial cells. Remdesivir can also prevent damage to the human lungs caused by coronavirus infection. In relation to favipiravir, studies showed a recovery rate of 91.43%, which indicates a very high effectiveness of this drug. Among the studied drugs, favipiravir and remediator have shown significant effectiveness in many cases and are even recognized and used as COVID-19 effective drug in some countries, so that the efficacy of favipiravir has been reported to be 91.43%. Lupinavir and ritonavir, which have been used in combination with supplements such as Interferon Alpha, as well as hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, which reduce the load capacity of the virus, have been shown to be less effective. Key word: Coronavirus, COVID-19, Antiviral drug , IAU science. Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Quds Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Email: f_foroohi@ymail.com D ow nl oa de d fr om n cm bj pi au .ir a t 6 :1 5 + 04 30 o n S at ur da y Ju ly 2 4t h 20 21 یلوکلوم یلولس یژولونکتویب یاه هزات هلجم 1400 راهب 42هرامش 11 هرود 20 تروص هب هلاقم نیا هدهاشم یارب دینک نکسا نیلانآ یرورم هلاقم ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ :لوئسم هدنسیون هورگ یژولویبورکیم دحاو، سدقرهش دازآ هاگشناد، ملاسا ی ، نارهت :یکینورتکلا تسپ f_foroohi@ymail.com خیرات تفایرد : 52 / 25 / 2911 :شریذپ خیرات 52 / 25 / 2022 نامرد رد فلتخم یاهوراد یشخبرثا یسررب COVID-19 یهورف همطاف ،یرتنلاک اضردیمح ،یزیربت نیسح یجاح ادیآ * هورگ یژولویبورکیم ، دحاو سدقرهش ، ملاسا دازآ هاگشناد ی ، نارهت ، ا ی نار
Aim and Background:Hashimoto's disease is a thyroid gland autoimmune disease that can lead to type 1 diabetes autoimmune disease and cause irreparable harm to the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thyroid hormones on glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated albumin in Hashimoto patients with type 1 diabetes and in comparison with healthy subjects. Material and methods:In this study, 30 patients with Hashimoto and type 1 diabetes, 30 patients with Hashimoto and 30 healthy subjects as control group were studied. From these subjects, 5 ml of venous blood was taken to measure T3, T4 and TSH, hemoglobin glycosylated and Glycosylated albumin, and then the serum levels of these factors were measured. Results:The results of this study showed that in patients with Hashimoto's and type 1 diabetes, the amount of thyroid peroxidase antibodies decreased significantly (P-val> 0.001), and TSH increased significantly in patients (0.043). P-val). The hormone triiodothyronine did not change significantly in patients with Hashimoto's disease compared to the healthy group (P-val = 0.168). Thyroxine was reduced in patients with Hashimoto's disease (P-val = 0.013). Glucose was significantly increased in patients with Hashimoto's disease (P-val = 0.036). Glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly increased in patients with Hashimoto's disease (P-val = 0.013). Glycosylated albumin did not change significantly in patients with Hashimoto's disease (P-val = 0.0191). Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that Hashimoto's disease was associated with type 1 diabetes with changes in thyroid hormones, peroxidase thyroid antibodies, as well as glucosamine hemoglobin, and that these parameters could be used as biomarkers to diagnose early symptoms.
Aim and Background: The high prevalence of Covid-19, which has been spreading from Wuhan, China since late December 2019, has led to a sharp rise in global mortality, so that we are witnessing a global viral pneumonia, which has led to a major health problem in the world. Therefore, in order to control the prevalence of this disease, it is necessary to early prevention of virus infection through proper and timely diagnosis of this disease, especially in certain patients and asymptomatic patients and also to prevent its recurrence. Material and Methods: In this study, according to the results of research published in ISI, Wiley, Science direct, PubMed, Scopus, etc. from January to July 2020, diagnostic methods based on the structural features (Serological techniques including ELISA kits) and clinical manifestations (Lung CT scan) of covid-19 have been used for accurate and timely diagnosis of this disease. Results: Due to its 2 to 14-day incubation period, the similarity of its symptoms to the common cold, and its high transmission capacity among different people, Covid 19 has become very prevalent around the world and it is currently considered a major health problem. Therefore, using appropriate and efficient diagnostic methods is one of the most important options for controlling this disease. The results of published research show that the covid 19 diagnostic kits and methods, which are based on serological, molecular and CT scan techniques, are among the most common diagnostic methods in the world. However, in some cases, these methods have false positive and negative results. Among them, false results from CT scans have been reported less than other methods. Conclusion: It is recommended to diagnose this disease correctly and in a timely manner especially in asymptomatic people, diagnostic testing should be performed using several diagnostic methods and different patient samples. Keyword: Covid-19, Diagnostic, Serological, Molecular, CT scan. Corresponding author: Research Institute of Police Science and Social Studies, Tehran, Iran Email: jalili.shirin@yahoo.com Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Methods of Covid-19 Freshteh Rahmati, Shirin Jalili* 1Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2Research Institute of Police Science and Social Studies, Tehran, Iran Abstract Aim and Background: The high prevalence of Covid-19, which has been spreading from Wuhan, China since late December 2019, has led to a sharp rise in global mortality, so that we are witnessing a global viral pneumonia, which has led to a major health problem in the world. Therefore, in order to control the prevalence of t is disease, it is necessary to early prevention of virus infection through proper and timely diagnosis of t is disease, especially i cert in patien s and asymptomatic patients and also to prevent its recurrence.Aim and Background: The high prevalence of Covid-19, which has been spreading from Wuhan, China since late December 2019, has led to a sharp rise in global mortality, so that we are witnessing a global viral pneumonia, which has led to a major health problem in the world. Therefore, in order to control the prevalence of t is disease, it is necessary to early prevention of virus infection through proper and timely diagnosis of t is disease, especially i cert in patien s and asymptomatic patients and also to prevent its recurrence. Material and Methods: In this study, according to the results of research published in ISI, Wiley, Science direct, PubMed, Scopus, etc. from January to July 2020, diagnostic methods based on the structural features (Serological techniques including ELISA kits) and clinical manifestations (Lung CT scan) of covid-19 have been used for u ate and imely diagnosi of this diseas . Results: Due to its 2 to 14-day incubation period, the similarity of its symptoms to the common cold, and its high transmission capacity among different people, Covid 19 has become very prevalent around the world and it is currently considered a major health problem. Therefore, using appropriate and efficient diagnostic methods is one of the most import n options for controlling this disease. The results of published resear h show that the covid 19 diagnostic kits and methods, which are based on serological, molecular and CT scan techniques, are among the most common diagnostic methods in the world. However, in some ca es, these methods have false p sitive and negative results. Among them, false results f om CT scans have been reported less than other methods. Conclusion: It is recommended to diagnose this disease correctly and in a timely manner especially in asymptomatic people, diagnostic testing should be performed using several diagnostic methods and different patient samples. Keyword: Covid-19, Diagnostic, Serological, Molecular, CT scan. Corresponding author: Research Institute of Police Science and Social Studies, Tehran, Iran Email: jalili.shirin@yahoo.com Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Methods of Covid-19 Freshteh Rahmati, Shirin Jalili* 1Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2Rese r h Institute of Police Science and Social Studies, Tehran, Iran Abstract Aim and Background: The high prevalence of Covid-19, which has been spreading from Wuhan, China since late December 2019, has led to a sharp rise in global mortality, so that we are witnessing a global viral pneu onia, which has led to a major health problem in the world. Therefore, in order to control the prevalence of this disease, it is necessary to early prevention of virus infection through proper and timely diagnosis of this disease, especially in certain patients and asymptomatic patients and also to prevent its recurrence.Aim and Background: The high prevalence of Covid-19, which has been spreading from Wuhan, China since late December 2019, has led to a sharp rise in global mortality, so that we are witnessing a global viral pneu onia, which has led to a major health problem in the world. Therefore, in order to control the prevalence of this disease, it is necessary to early prevention of virus infection through proper and timely diagnosis of this disease, especially in certain patients and asymptomatic patients and also to prevent its recurrence. Material and Methods: In this study, according to the results of research published in ISI, Wiley, Science direct, PubMed, Scopus, etc. from January to July 2020, diagnostic methods based on the structural features (Serological techniques including ELISA kits) and clinical manifestations (Lung CT scan) of covid-19 have been used for accurate and timely diagnosis of this disease. Results: Due to its 2 to 14-day incubation period, the similarity of its symptoms to the common cold, and its high transmission capacity among different people, Covid 19 has become very prevalent around the world and it is currently considered a major health problem. Therefore, using appropriate and efficient diagnostic methods is one of the most i portant options for controlling this disease. The results of published research show that the covid 19 diagnostic kits and methods, which are based on serological, molecular and CT scan techniques, are among the most common diagnostic methods in the world. However, in some cases, these methods have false positive and negative results. Among them, false results from CT scans have been reported less than other methods. Conclusion: It is recommended to diagnose this disease correctly and in a timely manner especially in asymptomatic people, diagnostic testing should be performed using several diagnostic methods and different patient samples. Keyword: Covid-19, Diagnostic, Serological, Molecular, CT scan. Corresponding author: R earch Institute of Police Science and Social Studies, Tehran, Iran Email: jalili.shirin@yahoo.com New Cell Mol Biotech j.10/40 , 2020 Research article 9 Scan online to view this article D ow nl oa de d fr om n cm bj pi au .ir a t 8 :4 6 + 03 30 o n T hu rs da y F eb ru ar y 4t h 20 21 یلوکلوم یلولس یژولونکتویب یاه هزات هلجم 1399 زییاپ 40هرامش 10 هرود 10 تروص هب هلاقم نیا هدهاشم یارب دینک نکسا نیلانآ یقیقحت هلاقم ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Aim and Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases of the endocrine system. The disease is caused by a lack of cellular absorption of blood sugar and is associated with certain changes in intracellular metabolism in tissues including the liver and pancreas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of borage on the concentration of glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde and also the histopathology of liver and pancreatic tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this study, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8, including healthy group, diabetic control, treatment with boonaq alcoholic extract 1.6 g/kg, treatment with boqnaq aqueous extract 1.6 g/kg, metformin treatment 1.6 g/kg were divided. Healthy rats became diabetic after two weeks of treatment with normal food by injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin and then received borage powder and metformin daily by gavage for 2 weeks. Before induction of diabetes and at the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from all animals and the concentration of glucose, insulin and malondialdehyde in the blood was analyzed by enzymatic method. Cal Wallis and Wilcoxon and analysis of variance were analyzed. Results: The results showed a significant increase in glucose concentration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats compared to other groups (p<0.05). Bougainvillea plant significantly increased glucose and insulin compared to the diabetic control group. Histological studies show a positive effect of plant extract on reducing liver inflammation in diabetic rats and protecting pancreatic cells from oxidative damage. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, borage has not reduced glucose but may be effective in treating diabetes. Also, the alcoholic extract of borage plant induced its anti-diabetic effect by reducing malondialdehyde and improving the antioxidant pathway of cells. The reduction of MDA as an oxidative index was not significantly different from metformin.
Aim and Background: Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common and newborn antibiotics, and effects of indiscriminate use of antibiotics on some organs of the body. Researchers are trying to find alternative drugs with plants, organic and physical sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ozonated grape seed oil on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Material and Methods: Grape seed oil by Soxhlet was extracted and ozonated, then the effect of ozonated grape seed oil using inhibitory growth diameter size and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration indices on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using analysis of variance (ANOVA) was evaluated and determined. Results: Comparison of the diameter of the growth inhibitory zone with different treatments indicated that ozonated oil and ozonated water had high inhibitory effects (P<0.05). The turbidity and clarity of ozone oil in microplate wells showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (0.128 mg. ml-1) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (ineffective) on bacteria Conclusion: According to the obtained results, grape seed oil can be used as an effective natural substitute for controlling these pathogens, especially S. aureus with proper safety.
Aim and Background: the genus Burkholderia (mallei and pseudomallei species) are classified as dangerous human pathogens. Diagnosing cultures for this bacterium is costly and time consuming and on the other hand it is very dangerous to work with and it is very difficult to access this bacterium. the porpose of this research Design and production of a genetically simulant construct for the detection of B. pseudomaleii Material & Methods: initially, a simulant construct containing the reference and specific genes of the mallei and pseudomallei species was not observed in other species of the family, and then the operational efficiency of the designed construct was quantified using Real-Time Quantitative PCR. Quality (SYBER Green) and qualitative (using TaqMan probe) were evaluated. Finally, Real-Time PCR amplification products were analyzed by melting curve and electrophoresis. Results: the minimum and maximum sensitivity were 0.1 pg and 10 ng on the constructs designed in the present study, was obtained. Conclusion: This simulat can be used as a positive control for the detection of the Burkholderia agent and can further enhance the development of new diagnostic kits in the field.
Aim and Background: Due to the high rates of diabetes in Iran and the world, as well as due to the lower side effects of medicinal plants in comparison with chemical and industrial drugs, this study investigated the effect of the active ingredient of Mary Magenta (Silybum marianum) on the expression of the Neuro D1 gene, one of the genes of the genes And the restoration of beta and alpha pancreatic cells is also a study of blood glucagon levels in rats. Material and methods: 42 male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into seven groups of six. Diabetic rats received different doses of silymarin and metformin every other day for 1-3 days and after 40 days anesthetized with chloroform. After blood sampling, the serum glucagon level was measured by glucagon assay kit ELISA Then, the stages of the description and operation of pancreatic tissue extraction and extraction of RNA and cDNA were performed and expression analysis was performed using Real Time RT-PCR technique. Results: The results of this study showed that STZ causes the destruction of pancreatic tissue and type 1 diabetes. Application of Silymarin improved diabetes and decreased glucose levels and increased serum glucagon levels in rats receiving different doses of silymarin compared to the control group (diabetic). Also, the expression level of NeuroD1 gene increased significantly compared to the GAPDH gene (reference gene). Conclusion: The expression of NeuroD1 gene in STZ-induced diabetic rats showed a significant increase (P-Value = 0.000), which resulted in improved pancreatic tissue and decreased blood glucose and increased rats and muscle mass by regenerating cells The pancreatic alpha, as well as the binding to the promoter of the glucagon gene, enhance the expression of this gene.
