This study examines the financial implications of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in family firms in Indonesia and the role of corporate governance (CG) in improving the CSR performance of family-controlled firms. Family firms, on the one hand, are known as firms that only care about families, are run privately and ignore wider CSR. On the other hand, it is precisely because it really maintains the "name" so that the family firms will strive to do CSR well to its stakeholders. Corporate governance is measured by using the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA). The research sample consists of 102 firm years. The data analysis method uses moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results of this study show that family ownership in manufacturing companies in Indonesia increases CSR disclosure, regardless of whether the stakeholders come from internal or external parties. The results also show that corporate governance, both effectively and efficiently, has no effect on CSR disclosure in general in family firms. However, effective corporate governance can strengthen the relationship between family ownership and CSR disclosure if it is based on internal and external stakeholders. Meanwhile, efficient corporate governance is proven to be unable to enhance the influence of family ownership on CSR disclosure, both in general and in separated way between internal and external stakeholders.
This study examines the corporate governance and innovation relationship of China listed firms. It aims to contribute to the literature on corporate innovation antecedents, corporate governance of Chinese firms, and its impact on innovation outcomes. Relying on agency and resource-dependence theories to understand corporate governance elements, and patents granted as a measure of successful corporate innovation, this study utilizes a quantitative research methodology and a longitudinal design to leverage data collected from the State Intellectual Property Office of China, the Chinese Research Data Services Platform as well as the China Stock Market & Accounting Database. The study sample includes 3,337 firms with a total 13,182 firm-year observations from the year 2010 to 2019. A better understanding of Chinese corporate governance practices in light of the country’s Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) recent reforms is needed, especially considering the necessity to derive a corporate governance theory from China for Chinese firms that has emerged in the literature. We find that board independence is the corporate governance component with the highest predictive significance on innovation, followed by CEO duality, and that board size is not a significant innovation predictor. We also find high incidence of CEO duality among China listed firms.
Recruitment and selection is the indispensable functions of human resource management. It is the process of searching and obtaining of potential candidates. Organizations are progressing the modern recruitment and selection methods for entry the multinational companies. The success of the organization depends on effective recruitment and selection system. In this paper, the main objective is to construct a conceptual framework for recruitment and selection procedures regarding the case study on university grants commission. The study also focuses its attention to determine how the recruitment and selection practices affect the organizational outcomes.
Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms in Kenya have been exposed to supply chain vulnerability, which has led to uncertainty in matching demand and supply of their products. Supply chain resilience enables Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms to manage disruptions. As a result, this study focused on examining the influence of supply chain resilience practices on the performance of Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The target population was 102 Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi City County and the sample size of the study was 50 Firms. Data was collected using questionnaires. Qualitative and quantitative data was coded and entered in SPSS Version 24 for analysis. A pilot study was conducted. Descriptive statistics were generated. Inferential statistics using linear regression and correlation analysis was carried out. The results were presented using tables and graphs. The study findings indicated that, supply chain risk management, agility, supply chain collaboration and supply chain integration significantly influence the performance of Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms in Kenya. Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms should embrace supply chain risk management, agility, supply chain collaboration and supply chain integration as supply chain resilience practices.
The aim of this paper is to study the effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Morocco and subsequent responses on the economy using in a linear DSGE model. The analysis takes into account internal and external shocks and a high level of unemployment since the pandemic crisis affects a priori some contact-intensive sectors but do widen to other sectors via general equilibrium, inducing a job loss worrying situation and subsequently a great recession. I use DSGE model with an open economy, nominal rigidities in prices and five types of agents (households, producers, retailers, monetary authority and fiscal authority). I calibrated the model using Bayesian techniques and data covering the period 1998Q1 – 2019Q2. Results indicate a lasting effect shock for at least 12 quarters after the impact. Higher public debt is an obvious result of all the shocks except for the consumption tax shock. Results indicates also a significant decline in GDP following external shocks, monetary policy shock, labor tax shock, capital tax shock and technology shock. The consumption tax shock has unlike the others a very small negative impact on GDP followed by an increase in GDP. For the government expenditure and investment shock, GDP eventually decreases after increasing on impact. The inflation shock has a surprisingly a positive impact on GDP followed by a negative one four quarters after the shock.
Funerals and burial practices are a universal human social experience, and every society has a unique pattern of dealing with the death of its members. In Ghana, it is noticed that Ghanaians revere the dead so much that funerals are at the heart of Ghanaians' social life. This study sought to estimate the cost of funeral celebrations on personal finances and on productivity through man-hour loss. Interviews and questionnaires were the basis for data collection. The results from the sample, using a purposive sampling technique indicated funeral attendees in Ghana often incur costs in the form of expenditure elements including, but not limited to transportation, the buying of funeral cloths and the expenditure at funeral ground. It also showed that families hosting a funeral incur high costs when organizing it. Data interpretation was done using Microsoft excel. It is recommended that funeral celebration days should be reduced to one day, especially Saturdays so that attendees can leave on Friday after work and return on Sunday. And that, families should reduce how much they spend on food and drink by organizing simple but befitting burials.
The objective of this article is to study the external competitiveness of Morocco. To do so, we first make a sectoral analysis of Moroccan international trade. This analysis reveals the sectors and products in which Morocco should specialize, as well as the products in which Morocco has a strong export potential. Then, we study the impact of the introduction of price and cost competitiveness indicators in the export's equations of Armington (1969). Using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimated over the period 1988-2017. The principal results confirm that Moroccan external competitiveness can’t be measured only by the price factor. We also show that the competitiveness is also reflected with other factors like cost of production and quality.
The counterfeiting market is increasing at an alarming rate because consumers are often unwilling to pay for brand names. This study investigates the factors that influence consumers’ preferences toward counterfeit and generic products by studying Egyptian consumers. By surveying a sample of 271 consumers, our study concluded that demographic variables, perceived risk, and prior experience are insignificant factors in choosing counterfeits or generics, while price, taste and preferences, quality, the price of related products, subjective norms, and expected prices are variables that significantly affect consumer preferences and demand. The research concludes that consumers who care about the quality, expected prices, and the price of related products are more likely to purchase generics, whereas consumers whose tastes and preferences are primarily influenced by others’ expectations, prestige, and acceptance are more likely to purchase counterfeits. These conclusions match the expected relationships between those who are influenced by external variables such as prestige and those who are not and their tendencies to prefer counterfeits or generics. Finally, price affects consumer demand negatively, and the price of related products and expected prices affect consumers’ preferences positively toward generics and negatively toward counterfeits.
Purpose- This paper investigates an intensive case study about a small branch of a high street retail company in the United Kingdom. Theoretically, it is based on Burawoy's (1979) labour process theory 'Manufacturing Consent' and Actor-Network Theory (1992) by John Law. This study has addressed the urged for more research on accounting information in managerial control (Hall,2010). The effort has been given to explore the role of accounting information and gaming at shopfloor management.
Charitable crowdfunding is a new and rapidly developing way of fundraising, attracting interest from academics and practitioners. Existing research on reward-based crowdfunding and charitable giving cannot fully explain donation behaviors in donation-based crowdfunding. Developing methods for promoting donations is of interest to practitioners, and it remains unclear whether prior donation information promotes or inhibits subsequent contributions. To explore this question, we used data from the Tencent Philanthropy platform to analyze the impact of previous donation information. The results revealed a negative relationship between the cumulative donation amount and subsequent contributions. The cumulative donation amount had no significant impact on the number of donors, but reduced the amounts of individual contributions. Although a larger cumulative number of previous donors resulted in larger individual donation amounts, this number was associated with a smaller number of subsequent donors, resulting in a zero net effect of donor number on subsequent donations. Our results indicate that conformity and anti-conformity donation behaviors exist simultaneously in donation-based crowdfunding, elucidating the mechanisms underlying the effects of prior donation information on reducing subsequent contributions. Our findings deepen the theoretical understanding of individual donation behavior, providing helpful insight for practitioners designing presentation strategies for charitable crowdfunding projects.
This work compares two models of corporate hedging, to show how optimal investment, debt, and hedging strategy can be strongly dependent on the mechanism linking the firm’s internal funds to its return on investment. Approximated analytical solutions for hedging and a numerical example simulating the effects of a productivity shock are obtained to shed light on the different empirical implications associated to the two mechanisms. The latter appear to be distinguishable by observing the extent of hedging for equal values of the relevant parameters, and the correlation between investment and debt in a period of technological change.
Psychopathy is complex phenomenon associate to personality disorder that manifests at a relatively early age and tends to be relatively stable throughout life. Psychopathy in adolescents is currently being studied using the approach of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Recent studies have shown that adolescents with these traits have different causal factors leading to their behavior problems and mental disorders. Here I propose to use the log-ratio analysis, for two-way contingency table, for assessing the correlation between CU traits and mental disorders in adolescents. The data are provided by H.E.R.A.C.L.E. Lab (Unicusano research center on health education) and obtained submitting to a sample of 689 high school students two questionnaires: The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). In two-way tables obtained, an odds ratio reflects the likelihood that a ICU trait (callousness, uncaring and unemotional) will have with SDQ values (normal, borderline and abnormal). Log-ratio analysis presents many advantages, among which the computation and the visual representation in a biplot map of the odds ratio that allows the correlation in terms of distances between points.
The current paper has discussed how CPEC can enhance mutual trust and integration in the region and how it can be successful in the future for the whole region and how the attitude of regional factors could influence the future of CPEC. CPEC's worth of $46 billion initiated in 2013 which links the area of Pakistan names Gawadar port with China’s Kashgar. The beauty of CPEC is it could enhance and establishes economic and strategic connectivity in the south Asian region because CPEC has the capacity to harmonize other regions of Asia. Furthermore, it can perform a magnificent contribution in the refining of the strategic and economic environment of the Asian region. However, the future of CPEC is a dreadful vision for some states, which can hinder the CPEC potential of generating mutual trust and integration and also threaten the political interest of some countries. Anyhow, if the implementation of CPEC has been executed according to its plan it will have countless benefits for many countries in the future. Both countries, Pakistan and china need to get rid of all the obstacles and keep a strict eye on the regional actors who could affect the success of CPEC. Moreover, it’s also the utmost responsibility of the whole region that beyond all constrains and disputes, they must deliver to the success of CPEC project because undoubtedly it will bring prosperity and economic stability in the whole region.
Unemployment is becoming one of the basic challenges that all developing countries including Ethiopia are facing. To curve the problem and achieve their millennium development goal, such countries should focus on entrepreneurial activities that could enhance employment opportunity to unemployed youth. Micro, medium and small scale enterprises are the most enabling engine for entrepreneurial development of nations creating significant employment opportunities. But because of various factors, these enterprises are not performing as expected. This article therefore, analysed the effect of financial management practice on entrepreneurial performance in four west Oromia major towns mainly; Jimma, Mettu, Bunno Bedele and Nekemtie towns. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through self-administered questionnaire while secondary data was obtained from various sources. The proportionate to sample selection was applied to select samples. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression was applied to analyse data. The logistic regression indicated that accounting information system, financial reporting practice, financial education and literacy, working capital management, field of education of the owners/managers and manner of formation of the enterprises are significant factors affecting entrepreneurial performance in west Oromia. Hence, it is recommended that financial management practice has to be improved to enhance entrepreneurial performance of the micro, medium and small scale enterprises.
The implementation of Supply Chain Integration is low in the Kenyan economy especially the manufacturing, health and banking sectors. This study focused on determining the influence of supply chain integration practices on the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. Mixed research design was used for the study thus both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The Study population consisted of the professional employees working at the top, middle and lower level of the management i.e heads of sections, technologists, technicians and clerks of Kenya Breweries Limited in Nairobi. The target population included 528 employees and the sample size of the study was 85 respondents. Stratified sampling technique was used to determine the specific sample size of each strata of the study. Data was obtained through questionnaire. Data analysis was done through SPSS Version 24 and the analyzed data was presented in form of tables. The study found that technology integration, internal operations integration and customer integration significantly influence the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. However, the results revealed that supplier integration had negative influence the performance of KBL. The management should consider freezing the financial, and other resources they use to invest into supplier integration and make an alternative use of them.
As introduction can be said that the initial assumption estimates the number of people affected by eruption of Mount Slamet in hazardous area are 215,953 people (BPBD Central Java, 2016). Unfortunately, there is a general tendency where people do not know how to act or respond to disasters. This research is urgent to discover the main determinant that can be used to make emergency response policies and build disaster reduction networks. In this framework the authors formulate several important issues, How to create a model of disaster reduction networks in disaster-prone areas (KRB) of Mount Slamet? Qualitative approach is used as methodology to answer research questions for understanding and describe a comprehensive and complete picture and the detail in case of disaster risk reduction. Theoretically, McEntire, David A and Gregg Dawson (2010) once said that disaster management requires the integration of policies, programs and execution involving many individuals and groups. The result of this study are; fisrt, disaster risk cannot be solved by the government itself, but requires synergic cooperation from government, private and community elements. Second, participative model (networks) has made in disaster risk reduction networks in disaster-prone areas (KRB) of Mount Slamet. Discussion about the result product the recommendations: 1) It is required to allocate more unexpected funds for overcoming disaster. 2) It is required for regular coordination to update the contingency plan documents in accordance with the progress including updating the data on the availability of resources.
There have been numerous studies which examined the impact of board structure on firm performance. However, all these studies have failed to provide any form of consensus on how board structure or board composition impact firm performance. Hence, we are left asking is there an effect on firm performance? The missing link therefore, is the absence of a comprehensive review of the literature which addresses the issue. The objective of this paper is to provide a thorough analysis of previous studies with the aim of providing some direction to and closure of the debate regarding the effect of board structure on firm performance. The results of the literature review showed that there are compelling arguments on both side to either support or refute the hypotheses that board structure impacts firm performance. Hence, paper provides a new direction for that researcher need take in an attempt to answer this decade-old question.
Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure (ownership concentration and ownership composition) and firm performance in Kuwaiti non-financial firms. To this end, it examines the relationship between firm performance and ownership concentration to determine whether the impact of this relationship is conditional on the nature of the large shareholders. Design/methodology/approach – First, the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance was tested using ordinary least squares regressions on 618 observations (103 listed firms) from 2005 to 2010; next, the ownership compositions were classified as institutional, government and individuals (families) and their impact on firm performance examined. Findings – The overall concentration ownership by large shareholders showed no impact on firm performance. However, when the type of shareholders was introduced, only the government and individuals (families) ownership categories influenced firm performance. Therefore, certain types of shareholders are better at monitoring, and not all concentration by large shareholders is beneficial to Kuwaiti firms. Research limitations/implications – This study examined only one important aspect of the corporate governance mechanisms, namely, ownership concentration. Thus, further study may include other mechanisms such as board variables, role of debt and shareholders rights in examining the firm performance. This study is limited to the Kuwaiti environment, and thus, next step can be very useful in case of comparing ownership concentration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia) or across different Arab countries. Practical implications – The results of this study have important implications for the regulators in Kuwait in their efforts to increase the efficiency of the rapidly developing capital markets and in protecting investors and keeping confidence in the economy. They may mandate a corporate governance code to protect minority shareholders. Investors may use the findings to understand Kuwaiti companies. Such findings may assist them to diversify their investment portfolios. Originality/value – This paper extends literature review by investigating the role of large shareholders in the context of a developing country that is characterized by high level of ownership concentration and weak legal protection for investors as well as the absence of code that organized the corporate governance practices.
Background and purpose: In the retail industry shelf space competition are common phenomena from many decades. Shelves are organized very attractively with many offers and variety of option choices. The purpose of the study to analyze shelf space influence on consumer buying behavior in the retail store.Methods: 171 samples were taken by using multi-stage cluster sampling and systematic random sampling from Bangladesh. Three independent variables; shelf display, shelf position and product assortment were used to measure consumer buying behavior. Regression analysis, ANOVA, Tukey HSD, K-means clustering were used to analyze data. Findings: shelf display, shelf position and product assortment all are significantly influence on buying behavior. Respondents can be divided into three cluster group in terms of their buying behavior.Conclusion: Retailers need to create more attention on shelf arrangement because consumers are highly influenced by shelf decoration, layout, and style.
In this era of globalization, numerous court rulings and laws have legitimized women empowerment and their right to be treated equally both at the society and at the workplace. Yet certain discriminatory behaviors remind females that they are not truly equal at the workplace. Ready-made Garments (RMG) sector, especially of a developing and a male dominated country like Bangladesh, is also not an exception to that. Although women empowerment and gender equality are interrelated concepts; this paper tried to find out among these two concepts which one should be emphasized to enhance the job-satisfaction and performance of the female employees' in the RMG sector of Bangladesh. Data were gathered following a quantitative survey by a structured questionnaire conducted among a diverse group of female employees (N = 350) working in 30 different ready-made garment factories of Bangladesh following convenience random sampling method. For analysis purpose, several statistical techniques have been applied using SPSS software. Based on the analysis it was found that gender inequality impedes women empowerment. This study, therefore, recommends that gender equality should be emphasized over women empowerment to augment the job satisfaction and performance of the female employees in the RMG sector of Bangladesh.
