Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) data from remote sensing imagery have given various dimensions of benefits in different applications. Proposed work has applied a next-level approach to extract the pattern of change in the objects of LULC with time. The LULC mapped data has been applied to develop the predictive model for the LULC objects. The adaptive form of multilayer perceptron (MLP) architecture has been applied to make predictor efficient. The different regions of Karnataka state have been considered for analyzing the experimental results. The proposed model has shown a high level of prediction accuracy and can be considered as a support system for remote sensing-based applications for LULC.
Electronic commerce or Ecommerce involves commercial transactions of products or services through the use of computer networks. Generally, Ecommerce may operate on different settings such as online electronic environment, offline electronic scheme, and mobile platform. In all of the mentioned settings, security is one of the most crucial considerations. It is in this context that this research study is conducted in order to look over the leading security mechanisms that are implemented on Ecommerce. Specifically, the study aims to: a) identify the primary concerns involving Ecommerce security; b) identify measures to ensure security on Ecommerce transactions; and c) identify key factors involved in developing schemes for securing Ecommerce transactions. This research utilized descriptive methodology. Secondary data from several published literatures were reviewed with emphasis on promoting secured transactions to analyze the significance of the discoveries of the investigations introduced and their influence in promoting security. Each of the reviewed tools and protocols provided strengths and limitations depending on where they were applied. Based on the findings, it was concluded that aside from strong security features, the major advantages of reviewed protocols and tools focused on lesser costs on computation and communication processes. To further strengthen the security of transactions, combinations of these protocols and schemes may be considered.
In the last few decades networking and computer system fields have grown rapidly; a lot of organizations and countries have spent a lot of money on these areas. Most of the applications and businesses are moving towards eaccessibility, for which they require high security but unfortunately most of the systems are not sufficiently secure. Computer networks can be attacked by intruders (internal and external). With the increased use of computers and easy access to internet, the number and variety of attacks and vulnerabilities are on rise emphasizing the need to adopt some security measurements for the sake of privacy and reliability. Different security tools are presents such as authentication sequence, antivirus software, cryptography, firewall, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) etc. The relationship between access control level and user efficiency are inversely proportional, i.e. stricter the defense, lower the efficiency. Still they cannot provide 100% security to the systems individually, due to certain design or implementation restrictions. Cryptographic algorithms have their own limitation, as passwords can be cracked or lost. Firewalls make the network secured from the outsiders; even highly secured systems can be misused by internal intruders who violate their privileges. IDS on the other hand, identifies attacks of the computer networks and takes corrective measures (generate alarms) in order to prevent systems. In this paper our major aim is to discuss the utilization of Type 2 Heuristics (T2H) algorithms in Intrusion Detection Systems. T2H are generally known as meta-heuristics; which majorly focus on heuristics guidance. Major algorithms related to T2H are; Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) etc. the results shows that ACO performs well as secondary function with Fuzzy logic. Another pleasant fact is revealed that data reduction algorithm with T2H produces high detection rates.
Growing processing power of smartphones, the simplicity and speed of communications via these devices, and their important functions (e.g. mobile banking and payment) have made them prime targets of cyber-attacks. It is obvious that software solutions are unable to provide sufficient security for smartphones. The most appropriate Secure Elements (SE) of smartphones employed in this study to propose a security architecture for installing and operating a mobile payment system on these devices. This architecture utilizes the SIM card as the basic SE for its notable features, including resistance to interference (even hardware interference). It also benefits from a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), based on the TrustZone technology, to develop a secure User Interface (UI) for the SIM card. Furthermore, the same architecture is employed to propose a secure protocol for registering ATM cards on smartphones. The protocol was developed by HLPSL (High-Level Protocol Specification Language) and then analyzed by the AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool for security evaluation.
Data mining nowadays became more and more important; it's used to extract knowledge from a large amount of data to help decision-makers to make decisions. Based on the type of the data and the type of the variable we want to predict, we choose the suitable algorithm, classification is one of the different algorithms used in data mining. In this survey paper, we first presented a brief overview about data mining, data mining classification algorithms, and the data mining process, after that, we presented classification algorithms used in data mining for prediction, and we presented previous works and experiments using classification algorithms, such as Decision tree, Logistic regression and Naive Bayes.
In the era of Internet of Things (IoT), there has been enormous increase in the implementation of smart devices with constrained resources to implement various cryptographic arithmetic primitives. Most of the conventional cryptographic algorithms like the IDEA, RSA etc. involve simple operations like addition, multiplication and complex operations like addition-modulo, multiplication-modulo etc. such algorithms may not be fit the resource constrained devices. While the current conventional algorithms approved National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - can be implemented to route the resource constrained devices, their performance may not be satisfactory. Over the years, extensive research has been carried out configuring the cryptographic arithmetic structures, the basic arithmetic modules using different design styles, algorithms and aspects. In this paper efficient cryptographic arithmetic modules is implemented by combining the reversible logic and Vedic mathematics. The synthesis and implementation show that the proposed modules have considerable amount of improvement in the Area, power dissipation and delay.
The capability of manually manned gate security system in most developing countries is often hampered by the limitations of the security personnel who, after granting access to a physical location, lack the ability to effectively monitor the entrants from the gate. A sinister entrant could cause a serious havoc within the physical location unnoticed and without being caught. One technology for addressing this problem is surveillance camera, where moveable digital cameras are appropriately placed to monitor and record the activities of every entrant within the physical location. In this work, an embedded computer based security and surveillance system is proposed. A smart card is used to generate a unique identifier for every entrant as soon as an entrance to a location is allowed. The proposed system could alert the security personnel of a nefarious activity as it occurs (real time). The smart card based security system is an active, real time, low cost surveillance system that assists in the safeguarding organizational resource by constant facilities monitoring.
Network and Web attacks cause enormous threat in the current Internet world. Invaders try many techniques to get access to sensitive information for identity theft, vandalism, etc. In this paper, we evaluated a large number of possible methods to attack websites through SQL injection methods. We further experimented and evaluated several alternatives using SNORT rules to detect SQL injection attacks and prevent their access or damage. A case study and evaluation for a large number of web pages from different websites is collected and presented. Methods of detection and prevention are implemented in a way that prevent as much as possible attack approach while at the same time allow legal information to access in or out the website or the network.
Machine learning is one of the latest trends models and methods that can be implemented, and the users can get the right results. The growth of this area was developing day to day by almost all areas of applications and research and the other important area to be considered as cyber security. Most of the ordinary people also being trapped by these technologies and the people are losing their valuable data in some cases and some other cases the people or losing their valuable money also. In some other cases, the people are losing their lives due to the sharing of their data to the public domain. Hence, people need to think of these problems in a different manner and also to solve these technical problems by using these advanced technologies. In the current article, some of the cybersecurity issues and threats that were occurred in these days were highlighted and how the utilization of these machine learning techniques will be used to identify such threats and can be avoided or can be protected from these sorts of attacks.
Even though the data is encrypted, an attacker can try to decrypt the message/data by attaining the key through the brute force attack. If a same key is used for encryption of different files, an attacker can guess the key by using brute force attack. Another way is admin can use a static list of keys for encryption of data. But if the attacker gets access to the file of keys then accessing data gets quite easy. So, to solve these problems, we generate keys dynamically, by using a pseudo random number generator function. And these dynamic keys are generated, whenever a file is uploaded, updated and deleted to encrypt the file in cloud. And if the requested user is authenticated and authorized then he/she will receive a mail, which consists of a key, for decryption. Not only that, it is not necessary that the attacker is always an outsider, sometimes the attacker can be an employee within the organization. In such cases, an authorized user can try to get access to data that he/ she has no privilege. In this paper, we are going to propose a solution to the problems mentioned above. To avoid/prevent the attacker from cracking the key, we need to re-encrypt the text by using a new key. Moreover, re-encryption has to be done whenever a malicious activity is recorded. Whenever an authenticated user tries to get access to data that he/she has no privilege, the administrator can block that user.
Recent years have witnessed increasing threats of phishing attacks on mobile computing platforms. In fact, mobile phishing is particularly dangerous due to the hardware limitations of mobile devices and the habits of mobile users. Phishing attack is the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. It often directs users to enter personal information at a fake website, the look and feel of which is identical to the legitimate site. The most common technique to detect suspicious webpages links is blacklist and whitelist approach, in addition to machine learning and visual similarity techniques. Although, these existing solutions are useful, they are limited due to outdated databases, limited datasets, false positive, and/or expensive analysis. The aim of this research paper is overcome some of these limitations by proposing an anti-phishing approach that protects users' data from phishing attacks by focusing on phishing links that direct users to semi-legitimate login webpages. The proposed approach is a hybrid solution that utilizes the advantages of some of the available solutions, i.e., blacklist and whitelist technique, and introduces two new anti-phishing techniques; page detection and dummy data techniques, in which phishing detection is performed in three phases. The authors believe that, this innovative approach can solve some of the challenges facing the existing approaches such as detecting new phishing links that are not reported in blacklist databases. The experimental study has shown good and encouraging results in which the proposed approach surpassed some of the available commercial anti-phishing tools.
The first impression of the term Cloud of Things (CoT) refers to the integration of cloud computing and the internet of things (IoT). Data generated by IoT devices need storage and processing infrastructure, cloud infrastructure provides storage as well as processing needs. CoT possesses similar challenges of security, lack of transparency, trust, and loss of controls as in cloud computing. Technology eases quickens the processing of information but holds numerous risks including hacking and confidentiality problems. The study proposes numerous solutions for the challenges of privacy trust, and security issues in CoT, these include anti-malware, firewall, intrusion prevention systems, and hardware authentication. Anti-malware encompasses software used to guard against viruses and spyware among other harmful applications, and barriers affecting CoT, CoT adoption, and assurance. The interpretive technique is proposed in order to evaluate the needs of adoption and barriers of CoT technology. The research shows that there exists a proportional relationship with cloud computing and the internet of things. Results show the most important factors that are influencing the adaptation of CoT are ubiquitous network access, cost reduction and flexibility of resources, utilization of resources and operational cost, while barriers are threat and attacks due to security issue, legal issues, service level agreements, Lack of Control over hardware & software, compliance with industry slandered. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test Statistics is used to test the normality and reliability of the study. The result indicates the positive attitude towards use the CoT technology and important factors that are influencing the adaptation of CoT are ubiquitous network access, cost reduction and flexibility of resources, utilization of resources and operational cost.
Blockchain Technology has pulled in apparent consideration because of its enormous determination of potential applications. It at first showed up as cryptographic money, alluded to as Bitcoin, in any case, it has since been utilized in a few unique organizations and non-business applications, rather than most existing frameworks that are upheld concentrated structures, this new innovation uses peer-to-peer arranges and circulated system that join blockchain registers to store exchanges. Its structure is expected as an advanced log record and hangs on as a progression of coupled groups, alluded to as squares, each individual square is locked cryptographically with the past square. When a square has been another, it can't be modified. A few security authorities conjecture that the intrinsic cryptographically nature of the blockchain framework is agreeable to oppose consistent hacking and security dangers. In any case, past examinations on the assurance and protection of blockchain Technology have indicated that few applications have succumbed to flourishing digital assaults. Because of the expanding interest for digital money and its present security challenges, past investigations haven't fixated on blockchain technology cybersecurity vulnerabilities broadly. Here, our examination stretches out upon the past investigations on vulnerabilities and explores the classifications of potential assaults. Our investigation at that point gives extra course to highlight potential attacks against blockchain innovation defenselessness to cybersecurity.
The degradation of an adequate medical facilities for safety and healthy human atmosphere motivated researchers to think more generously to provide a smart solution in medical applications.Wireless body area network (WBAN) is one of the potential platform to cope up to the needs of prevailing medical demands and challenges.In the literature, WBAN is a femto-network (ranges up to few meters) formation around a human body for sensing, transmission and reception functionality.These functionalities are executed using various modes by placement of sensors node on human posture or by injecting inside of the human body.This mode of communication have various challenges when deployed in medical applications.Due to the critical nature of human physiological sensed data which demands a reliable and secure transmission, reception between sensors, intermediate and master node.This article outcomes are two fold, first is the state of art challenges of WBAN and the need of the ultimate smart solution for safe and reliable communication in Wireless body area Networks.Secondly, using Cooperation techniques for mitigation of WBAN issues, proposed cooperative model is presented for reliable data transmission using an efficient network resource utilization mechanism.
Use case modelling is an industrial de-facto standard technique to express functional requirements.Security bad smells are design flaws that can potentially degrade the quality of software by affecting a system's ability to prevent malicious activities.The presence of security bad smells in a use case model is likely to propagate security vulnerabilities to other software artefacts.Therefore, the detection and refactoring of security bad smells in use case models is important for ensuring the overall quality of software systems.In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm-based detection approach to detect security bad smells.A refactoring process is then applied to correct the security bad smells.Finally, the improvement to security is assessed through the statistical analysis of quality metrics.The practicality of the approach is demonstrated by applying it to a set of use case models.The results show that the proposed security bad smell detection and correction technique can significantly improve the quality of use case models.
Cloud computing is the most advanced and mostly used technology for the never-ending IT and software technologies.Various number of large servers was used in cloud models for storing the vast amount of data.To store massive databases, various setoff servers with high-end hardware and with fast internet facilities were required and with set of servers for providing services to the end users.In these servers, users store massive amount of data and also retrieve from time to time, providing security to the data in these cloud computing models was very much essential and important.Hence, as the data storing in the various locations of the servers, the provision of adjusting the various amount of considerable data in the servers at various locations from time to time was essential and also the provision of security to these massive set of databases and also retrieving and storing the data is more critical.Hence, we need to provide more security to the data being stored in the huge number of the server.As we need to provide security to these servers, several factors are important to note.The detail description about these points was presented in the current article in detail.
The vision of the people gives an opportunity to see the surrounding of a human being and the surrounded world around the human being. Till today, the people who lost their vision due to several reasons are struggling to get a useful device or an article such that to help them in their day to day life. If we get success in preparing such a device can help them a lot in their lives. In the current article, we developed a cheap, friendly and operation simple tool that can benefit both the users like visually challenged and the impaired people such that they can use in their life. This device helps such people to use this device by having a wearable device like the wearable head cap and hand stick such that the impaired people can walk on the roads without the help of any other persons or other persons support. The blind people can walk of their own, and the device will guide the person to maintain some distance from the objects that were present on the way of the blind people on which they are going. The principal part of this framework is the ultrasonic sensor which is utilized to examine a foreordained territory around daze by transmitting reflecting waves. The reflected signs got from the boundary objects are being used as contributions to Arduino Uno microcontroller. The microcontrollers carry out the issued commands and then convey the obstacle message to the user through headphones. So, by listening to the authorities by microcontroller, the blind can walk safely on roads.
In the current scenario, the wireless sensor networks are nothing but communication, computation, and sensing can be combined into a small-scale device. These devices provide connectivity to reach out the cyberspace to the real world or physical world with the help of mesh networking protocols. The connectivity in the mesh network consistently finds or searches for the feasible communication path by moving data from one to another while searching for its target. When any single device shows minimum capability, then the configuration of many devices shows rigorous prospects in new technology. The main functionality of Wireless Sensor Networks is always relies on the formation of small nodes, which can acquire and built by themselves. The Implementation scheme for such mechanism scales from real-time tracking to supervision of substantial states to pervasive enumerates environments, to the observation of the soundness of structures or equipment. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is precisely implanted with many distributed real-time controlled applications and automation applications in industries and robotics. But still, there is a problem with the CAN based distributed control system as the size of the dispersed area is small and also devoir to communicate with other wireless networks and with distant CAN piece. In this paper, we have recommended a new system, which makes use of inter-working components with wireless support to connect CAN portions by using Wireless Sensor network with particular protocols.
