This article determines the heat transfer analysis of two-layer flow through a channel that is anchored by peristalsis. The fluids in the two layers are assumed to be incompressible. The first layer is of Ellis liquid, and the second layer is of viscous liquid. Separable fluid flow is considered in both layers. Moreover, the effect of viscous dissipation is also considered. A mathematical model consists of non-linear PDEs that are being solved by using a small Reynolds number and a long wavelength assumption. The solutions for the velocity and temperature profiles have been obtained with the help of “Mathematica” software. Furthermore, an expression for the pressure rise is obtained. The impact of key flow parameters is explained graphically. A comparison with available literature shows an excellent agreement with the current investigation, while analytical and numerical results exhibit good agreement.
Anticancer pharmaceuticals have become important aquatic contaminants because of their persistence and potential ecological risks. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from low-morphine poppy capsules by pyrolysis followed by KOH activation and applied for Olaparib removal from water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the use of low-morphine poppy capsules for producing activated carbon for Olaparib adsorption. The prepared adsorbent exhibited a BET surface area of 1066.70 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.5794 cm3 g− 1. Under optimum conditions (20 mg adsorbent, 30 mg L−1 Olaparib, pH 7, and 25 °C), 93% removal efficiency was achieved. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 204 mg g−1. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and mildly endothermic process. The prepared PAC maintained approximately 80% removal efficiency after five regeneration cycles, demonstrating promising reusability.
The present work describes a sensitive electrochemical method for the detection of congo red (CR) by modifying tin dioxide (SnO2), graphite powder and activated carbon (AC) composite paste (B(SnO2/GP/AC)) using poly niacin (PNCM(SnO2/GP/AC)). The green synthesis technique was applied to synthesize SnO2 using Azadirachta indica leaves extract and used as the electrode material. Techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) were utilized to study the surface characteristics of both B(SnO2/GP/AC) and PNCM(SnO2/GP/AC). A linear response was observed over the concentration range of 0.2–4.5 μM, with calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.875 μM and 0.793 μM for CV and LSV, respectively. The proposed electrode was applicable for the analysis of CR in tap water and effluent water with good recovery rates of 100.67%–101.06% and 97.67%–99.68%, respectively.
The new extended (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Boussinesq equation is investigated in this work. Through a dependent variable transformation, the model is transformed into Hirota's bilinear form. A variety of ansätze are incorporated to retrieve several exact solutions, such as lumps, periodic solutions, solitons, breathers, and various other interaction solutions. The physical attributes of the yielded solutions are highlighted in 3D and density plots. The parametric constraints and existence conditions are also studied. On the qualitative forefront, the model is investigated by the corresponding planar dynamical system. The dynamical system is then used for a comprehensive bifurcation and phase portrait analysis. The quasi-periodicity of the system is investigated through different chaos detection tools such as Poincaré maps, phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, power spectrum, and time series analysis. The sensitivity of the system is explored through sensitivity analysis.
Let [Formula: see text] be a nontrivial finite group and let [Formula: see text] be a generating set. We study the largest nontrivial absolute eigenvalue [Formula: see text] of the normalised adjacency operator of [Formula: see text] through multiplicative energy and the minimal nontrivial representation degree [Formula: see text]. The fourth-moment/Plancherel argument gives the sharpened estimate [Figure: see text]λ(G,S)4≤|G|E(S)−|S|4m(G)|S|4, with the exact trivial Fourier contribution removed. Hence the bound is nonvacuous precisely when [Formula: see text]. For normal [Formula: see text], central Fourier decomposition improves [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and yields an exact character formula for the excess energy, with nonvacuity threshold [Formula: see text]. We make explicit that these estimates are direct consequences of standard finite-group Plancherel theory combined with a singular-value fourth-moment inequality; the contribution is the excess-energy formulation, the normal-set specialisation, and their systematic consequences rather than a new quasirandom convolution inequality. We also quantify the obstruction created by concentration in normal quotients, compare the upper nonconstant spectral parameter with an averaged Kazhdan constant, and derive corrected logarithmic diameter bounds. Worked examples include a sharp two-point case, a non-normal generating set, and a normal generating set in [Formula: see text]. Property (T) is used only for the upper nonconstant spectrum, not for the absolute spectral parameter.
