Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and tissue destruction of lung. It is associated with structural changes due to chronic inflammation due to prolonged exposure to particles or gases most commonly cigarette smoke. Purpose: the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that patients with COPD have energies deficiencies in the chakras’ energies centers and the treatment of this condition is very important to treat the root of the problem, that are the energies deficiencies and not just the symptoms. Methods: thought one case report of a 66 years old woman with history of smoking during the last 50 years, 20 cigarettes per day. Since December 2020, she began to feel very fatigue and shortness of breath, mainly when she took out the oxygen that she needs to use since then. Radiesthesia procedure was done to measure her chakras’ energies centers and all her chakras were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight. Treatment using homeopathies according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to treat her condition. Results: she improved a lot after take the homeopathic medications in a daily sequence and have more energy to her daily life that was much compromised before the treatment. Her oxygenation improved a lot and the necessity of oxygen reduced allowing her to stay without oxygen more time. Conclusion: chakras’ energies centers measurement need to be evaluated in patients with COPD and the treatment of the energies’ deficiencies is very important to the improvement of the patient´s condition.
The Management is a tool to assist in the planning of protected areas. They relate to the objective of land management. It’s about referring to the objective of the protected area to know its management category. The managerial innovation is perceived as an evolution of the management techniques that constitute in itself a real importance towards the companies that would finish with the old modes and begin with the innovation techniques respecting the well-being of the employees and reaching a better performance. Daintree National Park is an Australian national park located in the far north of Queensland, 1,500 km northwest of Brisbane and 100 km northwest of Cairns. How the protected areas are managed? And is it possible to apply the managerial innovation inside the natural and protected areas such as parks, here, we’ll study the case of Daintree National Park – Australia, and we will figure out how these areas are managed and the efficiency of the managerial innovation
Conversion of stover/wheat straw Fermentation Residue (FR) to valuable resin is a big challenge for current fermentation process. Carbohydrates presents in residue strongly effects on the performance as well as physical properties of the lignin base resin. In this experimental work, we overcome this problem through simple and novel technique for the production of Fermentation residue base resin by the addition of cheapest catalyst sodium hydroxide and Sodium carbonate instead of using poison catalyst lead oxide. FR syntheses from two different residue of fermentation, investigated effects of lignin and carbohydrates on the physical and chemical properties of resin. Synthesized green resin from FR were utilized for the manufacturing of plywood with satisfactory bonding strength (1.09 MPa). Harmful organic compound (formaldehyde) emission reduced to 97%. Synthesis Resin characterized.
Industrial case studies play an increasingly important role in the teaching of systems engineering and sustainability within an industrial ecological framework utilising metacognitive and experiential learning principles. The principal classroom teaching tool of the experiential learning combines the student’s development of self-awareness and selfevaluation skills whilst they focus on providing optimal solutions to challenges provided by industrial case study examples. The learning process here relies on developmental and experiential learning with students attempting at iterative improvements to the industrial processes and plant operations being studied with a view to create a “best fit” to the efficiency of use of the resources at hand, specific ecological setting and circular economy constraints regarding recycle, re-use and regeneration of resources. Two alternative approaches of iterative case study evaluations are presented and compared here; one relying on the “bottom-up” approach to systems identification and development to enable the use of new material and energy resources and the other on a “top-down” approach to evaluate and improve an existing system of complex and integrated process plant operations. In each case, the student is challenged in an increasing order of complexity of issues through a self-learning and evaluation process which also requires the necessary deepening of engagement with the normative knowledge base comprising of core engineering and applied science teaching curricula. The additional benefit of the student-centered teaching and learning (see also Tuzun 2020 [8]) is the ability to draw upon core scientific and engineering science “hands-on”; as opposed to classic passive learning by lectures and tutorials in advance of any case study applications to real-life challenges.
Riverbank filtration is carried out at natural conditions and may occur by lowering the groundwater stream under the surface water levels either by hydraulic boundaries such as a bank of channels or by groundwater abstraction at pumping wells. In addition, the mixing of the infiltrated river water with groundwater at the pumping outlet well and the bank filtrate's retention time have been studied and identified as one of the critical parameters that determine the efficiency of riverbank filtration and water quality. RBF water results of pH, conductivity, TDS, hardness, color, alkalinity, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silica, sulphate, chloride, and turbidity were complying with The Egyptian Ministry of Health and WHO guidelines. The present study showed that groundwater's iron and manganese data in the study region did not comply with Egyptian regulation (Fe more than 0.3 mg/l and Mn more than 0.4 mg/l). The river surface water quality results did not comply with Egyptian regulation in some parameters, such as microbiological parameters (total bacterial count more than 5000 CFU/ml). The examination of river surface water samples was positive in total coliform fecal coliform examination. The study has shown that the water quality results from the RBF water had high water quality, especially in values of Fe & Mn and also microbiological parameters. The correlation coefficient between DOC recorded, and DOC estimated was very strong (r was 0.94).
Introduction: Western medicine’s cancer treatment focus on the destruction of the diseased cells, harming the healthy cells as well. In traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), cancer is the manifestation of the body’s energy deficiency and Heat retention. One direct way to search for the root of these energy imbalances is through the assessment of the chakra system, which offers vital information about the body’s energy levels. Purpose: To demonstrate that cancer patients have energy deficiencies and Heat retention as root and also chakra’s energy deficiencies in the lowest level. The balance of the energy deficiencies and taking out the Heat retention associated with the replenishment of these energies is important to prevent and treat cancer patients. Methods: Three clinical cases reports. All three patients with cancer diagnoses (case one: thyroid; case two: uterus; case three: lungs). All of them received treatment to reestablish the equilibrium between Yin, Yang, Qi, Blood and taking out Heat Retention through Chinese dietary counselling, auricular acupuncture with apex-ear bloodletting, homeopathy according to the Constitutional Homeopathy of Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and crystal-based medication after chakras energy measurement through radiesthesia procedure. All three patients were found to be at their lowest level of energy, rating one out of eight. Results: Out of the three patients, the first two case reports were cured of their cancer condition without any treatment by Western medicine, only with the treatment done. The third patient, though, was already under radiotherapy and chemotherapy but through the treatment previously described the metastasis disappeared and he achieved a better physical and emotional health state. Conclusion: TCM believes that energy deficiency and Heat retention causes cancer. Treatment with Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture, apex-ear bloodletting and recharge of the Chakras energy can be a path to prevention and treatment of cancer patients.
COVID-19 has been a major driver for innovations in digital healthcare as countries across the globe seek to both reduce the risks in the delivery of healthcare services via innovations in telehealth and address the need for preventative healthcare. There are many examples of telehealth applications targeted at both patients and clinicians. These can include online consultations and triage as well as group meetings between specialists and practitioners in different locations. The presentation will show examples of these types of applications along with the outcomes and benefits for both patients, clinicians and public health services. As Vice President of the International Society for Digital Medicine, David Wortley FRSA has been sharing the expertise of global clinical innovators through regular webinars and online interviews as well as developing innovative demonstrators of the use of immersive technologies and VR for preventative healthcare. This presentation shares an example of an online Coronavirus quiz game for multiple languages. The coronavirus quiz has been designed to educate and influence citizens about the COVID-19 in an engaging and interactive way. The use of Gamification strategies combined with immersive technologies offers an important innovation which can have an impact on patient compliance and the behaviours which directly influence the lifestyle behaviours behind many of the causes of mortality today. Preventative healthcare not only includes technologies which help to prevent poor health and well-being but also a range of solutions for chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease where the focus is on good management of the medical conditions and mitigation of the impacts of these chronic conditions in terms of both cost and patient welfare. This can also include mental conditions ranging from dementia to anxiety, stress and phobias. The presentation will also show examples of these types of innovations which fall in the category of digital therapeutics.
The mathematical framework of the principles of holistic systems interactions is demonstrated by facilitating experiential learning with specific industrial case study examples. Two industrial case study examples are introduced as potential interactive teaching tools. Industrial case studies play an increasingly important role in the teaching of systems engineering and sustainability within an industrial ecological framework utilizing metacognitive and experiential learning principles. Each individual case study example makes use of the “closed loop” optimization of material and energy inflows and outflows to minimize waste and harmful environmental emissions. The attainment of the “closed loop” is achieved by facilitating successive progressive stages of materials and energy recovery and re-processing coupled with the re-utilization and regeneration of intermediate byproducts and waste from each successive processing stage. The options that can be exercised to minimize harmful environmental impacts are explored by progressive sampling within the possibility envelope. The learner is expected to demonstrate the systematic process of “narrowing down” of the options and choices through a decision making process starting off with the lead activity lifecycle which defines the outermost boundary of the possibility envelope. The scope of all possible actions and consequences is explored and reduced successively by the introduction and consideration of all other life cycles; progressing along a decision pathway that updates and integrates the considerations made under each of the materials and energy life cycles
To make healthcare affordable to everyone, I started my research and developed more than 100 low cost inventions for the poor people. Following of my 25 inventions are for the first time in history of medicine. Flexible and rigid video laparoscopes, Flexible video laparoscope with 30, 45 and 60 degree mirror attachments, rigid ventilating video bronchoscope with forceps, Rigid ventilating video bronchoscope without forceps, adult rigid video cystoscope 24F, semi flexible thin video nephoscope, Rigid video nephoscope for PCNL, wireless laparoscopy and endoscopy device, laser tissue welding device, life force meter, Rigid video esophagoscope, Rigid video sigmoidoscope, Rigid video hysteroscope, Intravaginal video colposcope, Peritoneal laparoscopic microscope, Rigid video neuroscope, etc. These are produced at a record low cost of Rs. 5000-10,000 each. Other inventions which are first made in India are, articulating video laparoscope, 3D laparoscopy system, Capsule endoscopy device, VR magnifying loops, hydrophobic nano silicone coating, world’s smallest video camera, video laryngoscope, laser lithotripter and laser cautery, Transcranial magnetic stimulation device (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation device (tDCS), Intranasal lase therapy device, Machines for bronchial thermoplasty and Stretta procedure, Urodynamics and uroflowmetry device, C02 incubator, Portable and commercial O2 concentrators, Central vacuum machine, Digital Stethoscope, Pathology video microscope, Ophthalmic video microscope, Microscope for microvascular surgery, USB Spectrometer, muscle stimulator, nerve stimulator, Hemodialysis machine, Partial ECMO machine, Harmonic scalpel and ultrasonic lithotripter and led light cord, 24 hour PH monitoring. I also set up stem cell laboratory and tissue culture laboratory at record low cost of Rs. 50,000. My future innovations are hands Free Robotic Camera Holder, Da Vinci Laparoscopic Robot like system, Cochlear Implant, Artificial Urethral Sphincter, A Digital Radiography system, Electron Microscope, A Laser Microscope with one million times magnification, Alternatives to antibiotics and antivirals, Tissue nano Transfection(TNT), Usb Pocket Ultrasound Machine, Cardiac catheterization Monitor, Portable MRI scanner, ESWL Machine, Gamma Camera (scintillation Camera), Positron emission Tomography, Terahertz camera Imaging System, Terahertz Tomography
Graphene is a 2D carbon nanomaterial that is currently under heavy research investigation all over the worl due to its unique electrical, optical and mechanical properties. Graphene has profound applications in a variety of areas that include paper batteries, electronics devices for faster processor applications and enhanced memory & logic operations, biotechnology applications, mechanical applications, optical applications and even in practical workable spintronic devices that show large magnetoresistance at room temperature. Graphene is also envisaged for solar cell applications for highly efficient solar panels with high conversion efficiencies. Graphene is transparent in nature with light absorption coefficient as low as 2.3% ensuring higher absorption of a range of wavelengths of the impinged electromagnetic radiation. It can be used as an electrode, a buffer layer, an active support material layer or in form of an electron acceptor in solar cell devices. The solar cell market is heavily dominated by silicon (Si) based solar technology and graphene is highly compatible with Si because of its significantly high tensile strength. In order to attain commercial proficiency, there is a need to develop techniques for large-area graphene manufacturing with high reproducibility along with cost minimization. Graphene reduces the reflectance of solar cells by 20% which in turn enhances the efficiency of the solar cells by the same amount. Highly efficient solar cells are the requirement of the modern societies because of high power requirements that could not be fulffiled with the tradition energy resources, protection of environment through reduction of pollution. Development of highly demanding solar cells is a requirement that is endorsed by all the governments globally
The mathematical modeling of physical systems leads to a comprehensive description of the models. But the difficulty arises while analyzing the system or developing its control scheme. Thus, it is required to constitute a diminished model that preserves the inherent features of the parent system. Parallel to the classical techniques, researchers have also started exploring in recent times the problem of model reduction with the help of nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. But there are certain perennial problems of order reduction using metaheuristic approaches for which it is still not a popular choice. Most of the metaheuristic techniques are stochastic and give rise to different solutions on each independent run. Hence, multiple runs are required to test the accuracy of the results. Some statistical measures like best, worst, average, and standard deviation of the error function need to be calculated. Even some non-parametric statistical tests may also be conducted to validate the results with reference to the other metaheuristic techniques. Kruskal Wallis test, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank, and rank-sum tests, etc. are usually some of the commonly used tests available in the literature that can be employed to test the significance of the results. Moreover, the dc gain of the original and the reduced systems must match. This can be made possible by applying suitable equality constraints. In addition to this, a reduced system must preserve the stability of the parent model. This can also be satisfied with some constraint to have the poles of the reduced-order model on the left half of the s-plane. Further, the reduced system should not have a zero on the right half of the s-plane. This can be avoided by an appropriate inequality constraint. Even constraints can be set for matching the important time and frequency domain measures. So, it is thereby proved that the model reduction techniques using metaheuristic-based methods will require to solve the constrained optimization problem. There are moreover choices like population size, the maximum number of iterations, and search bounds of the model parameters to be estimated that are arbitrary. So far decision is taken either on the prior experience or through trial and error. A higher choice of population size, say for example 50 or 100 will stabilize the result on each run. The number of function evaluations, obtained by the product of the population size and the number of iterations can be checked out from the number of decision variables considered to be estimated. Some researchers also estimate the parameters of the denominator polynomial with the aid of classical based approaches. The stability equation method and moment matching technique are widely reported in the literature. This also reduces the number of decision variables and constraints in the optimization problem. Normally a response matching technique is adopted to identify the model parameters of the reduced system. As per literature records, the majority of the response matching took place with step input and some with impulse input. Few authors have also considered the unbiased pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) as the input signal to match the responses of the original and reduced models to obtain the unknown variables. Comparing the time and frequency domain parameters of the reduced model with that of the original system is also a good practice. Some authors also provide graphically the step and Bode responses of the parent and reduced models to show the closeness of the model. There is also a practice to measure the different popular error indices in systems and control and show comparison with the existing methods. So far only the single objective optimization methods are used to obtain the model parameters. A good multi-objective procedure can be taken up to solve efficiently the model reduction problem. Hybrid computing techniques have been utilized recently to develop reduced-order models. Formulation of new techniques can be taken up for the investigation. So, metaheuristic approaches can give a healthy competition to the age-old classical methods in solving model reduction problems.
Smart electronic systems, modern wireless communication networks, and remote-controlled systems are sources of electromagnetic pollution. Over and above that, intentional interference such, as the electromagnetic pulse, is unwanted radiation which can disturb and disrupt the operation of the targeted electronic systems. Electromagnetic interference may yield malfunction of electronic devices, data theft, and security threats. Electromagnetic energy is also used as a weapon in the battlefield or as a jamming tool, which can cause malfunction of electronic components on ships, radars, and aircrafts, and may also compromise security of enemies. Thus, military has regulations to ensure that equipment and systems are not susceptible to interference. Industrial countries also have regulations where electromagnetic emissions from every commercial product should comply with specified maximum permissible limits. To avoid the adverse effects of interference and to comply with regulations, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) techniques come on the scene. EMC measures that significantly reduce interference include shielding, filtering, grounding, circuit and interconnects layout, transmission line techniques, partitioning, decoupling, and control of signal spectrum. In fact, the application of EMC technology is facilitated through the use of nanomaterial’s. With nanotechnology, not only the type, thickness and quantity of material can be chosen, but also the internal structure of the matter can be designed to achieve more efficient functional structures. Nanotechnology is concerned with the design and use of functional structures by manipulating matter at atomic and molecular scale to enhance material properties. To achieve EMC goals of minimized interference and normal operation of equipment not only in the lab but also in the real world, nanoparticles and nanotubes are employed to make new composite materials using nanotechnology with superior performance and higher efficiency as compared with conventional materials. For instance, nanostructured composites for broadband shielding of radio frequency electromagnetic fields and for shielding of low frequency magnetic fields have shown multifunctional properties and higher shielding effectiveness. Nanostructured transparent thin films can shield buildings and vehicles from ultraviolet radiations and heat from sunlight. Nanofoams have the potential to act as shielding elements for space and aviation applications due to their lightweight. Radar radiation absorbing materials designed by nanotechnology have much better performance. Nanowires and nanoribbons interconnects in electronic circuits have lower resistivity and thus can support higher current densities as compared with copper alternatives. Nanoparticles are also important in the natural environment. The present paper tackles the above-mentioned topics.
Maghnite-H+ xM” were prepared by a method similar to that described by Belbachir et al. raw maghnite (20 g) was crushed for 20 min using a Prolabo ceramic ball grinder. It was then dried by baking at 105 °C for 2 h. The maghnite was then weighed and placed in an Erlenmeyer flask together with distilled water (500 mL) and magnetically stirred maghnite/water mixture was combined with sulfuric acid until saturation was achieved. After 2 days at room temperature the mineral was washed with water until it became sulfate free and then dried at 150 °C. Sulfuric acid solutions of 0.05M, 0.10M, 0.15M, 0.20M, 0.25M, 0.30M and 0.35M concentration were used to prepare “Maghnite-H+0.05M”, “Maghnite-H+ 0.10M”,”Maghnite-H+ 0.15M”, “Maghnite-H+ 0.20M”, “Maghnite-H+ 0.25M”, “Maghnite-H+ 0.30M” and “Maghnite-H+ 0.35M”, respectively. The best yield was obtained using “Maghnite-H+ 0.25M”, so for this reason this sample was used to study the effects of catalyst on polymerization. Acid treatment of “Raw-Maghnite” causes a reduction in octahedral content (Al2O3) and resulted in an increase in the proportion of silica (SiO2) observed.
Artificial Intelligence, Deep learning, Humanoid Robotics, Big Data, Block chain, etc. are exponential concepts which need to be integrated with the everyday leaning of the modern student. As educators, it is imperative to equip ourselves with these shifts in traditional practices. The flipped classroom, Student-led lessons, personalized assessment and maker approach to learning are just a few of the many tools that can have a massive impact in shaping this Education Revolution which is taking place now. As we move into a world dominated by technology, homes filled with the internet of things, cars driving autonomously and drones delivering your coffee, a truly global lifestyle are fast becoming a reality, and our students need to be prepared. As educators, we must do what we can to prepare and equip these modern learners for the world that awaits them.
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are complex mixtures of polychlorinated n-alkanes with varying chain lengths and degrees of chlorination. CPs are classified as short-chained CPs (C10–C13, SCCPs), medium-chained CPs (C14–C17, MCCPs), and long-chained CPs (C18+, LCCPs). CPs have a broad range of industrial uses (e.g. metalworking field and polyvinyl chloride processing). CPs are chemically stable, highly lipophilic and can biomagnify through food webs. Exposure to CPs poses a threat to human health while several studies have assessed the presence of CPs in foods. Despite the instrumental advances, analysis of CPs remains a challenging task. Obvious drawback for applications of LRMS is its lack of selectivity CPs themselves can cause interfering MS peaks. In order to eliminate this issue, high-resolution MS (HRMS) could be used. As of now, the majority of recent CP detection methods relay on time-of-flight MS (TOFMS) or Orbitrap-MS techniques to separate and characterize CPs. In our study, we present for the first time an HPLC-FT-ICRMS method to analyse CPs in food products. Elaborated method is a promising tool for overcoming the limitations of insufficient MS resolving power in CP analysis which ensures acceptable performance characteristics which is proved by the analysis of inter-laboratory PT materials.
Bitumen is a black, soft viscoelastic material which is made up of several components (predominantly hydrocarbons and their derivatives). It is obtained by fractional distillation during petroleum industry refinery processes of crude oil. Bitumen is a complex solid or semisolid colloidal dispersion of asphaltenes in a continuous oily phase of saturated paraffins, aromatics and resins. The chemical composition of bitumen is largely dependent on the initial crude oil and the cracking process carried out on it. Bitumen is widely used as a binder for asphalt mixes in the construction of pavements throughout the world. Bitumen is easily oxidized during paving and pavement service life, especially under thermal and/or ultraviolet radiation (UV) conditions. Oxidized bitumen is very hard because at high temperatures, its aromatic components and resins which are responsible for a certain grade of mobility are oxidized to asphaltenes and reduced to saturate. Hence, asphaltene micelles become larger so that the fluidity of the system is reduced. Additives which act on the chemical structure of aged bitumen to restore its physical properties to a state very similar to virgin bitumen are called rejuvenators and these are used in order to reverse the effects of oxidation on asphalt. Similarly but not interchangeably, softening agents can be used and these are capable of restoring only the physical properties. One way in which oxidized bitumen is of practical importance is the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) refers to removed and/or reprocessed pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates. In recent years, researchers have conducted many investigations on the use of RAP materials in the production of recycled asphalt and this shows some promise and potential in understanding bitumen aging and how to mitigate this problem. This study aims at evaluating the different performances between a new chemical additive (called TPI) and a softening agent (soy oil) which both function as rejuvenating agents. The effects of the additives on aged bitumen have been investigated through advanced rheological (Dynamic shear rheometer DSR) analysis, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and optical microscope.
Energy is the key source of input to drive and improve the life cycle. The finiteness of fossil fuel has increased the demand for other sources. Biodiesels are promising alternative fuel and they are renewable. It has gained attention due to the smallness of fuels and environmental concern. The usage of liquid fuels prepared from used edible oil by transesterification process is one of the alternate methods for the use of fossil fuels. The recent focus relies on using used edible oil for producing biodiesel.
Carbon nanotubes have been advocated as promising agents for in vivo imaging, tumour targeting and drug delivery systems. When carbon nanotubes are combined with inorganic compounds, the resulting hybrid materials benefit not only from the properties of their constituent nanomaterials but also from synergistic effects. The most explored approach consists on the external decoration of carbon nanotubes with inorganic nanoparticles. One advantage of using carbon nanotubes though is that their inner cavity can be employed for the encapsulation of a chosen payload. The outer surface remains available and can be subsequently modified to attach biomolecules with the aim of improving the dispersability and biocompatibility of the developed hybrids. Even for targeting agents can be anchored to the external surface.In this talk we will see some examples on both the external decoration of carbon nanotubes with inorganic nanoparticles and the encapsulation of a variety of inorganic payloads. The resulting hybrid materials find application in biomedical imaging and are being explored as therapeutic agents
Iron-based nanocomposites were prepared by high energy ball milling process. Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to investigate the structure and its correlation with micro hardness behavior as a function of milling time. The spectrum obtained after 1 h of milling contains a magnetically split sextet with the hyperfine field Hhf = 33.1T and isomer shift IS = 0.00 mm/s, characteristic of the starting bcc Fe powder. The spectrum recorded after 32 h of milling reveals more advanced alloying. A significant decrease of the intensity of the bcc Fe sextet in favour of the intensity of the paramagnetic doublet was observed at this stage. The doublet seen in the centre of the Mossbauer spectrum was attributed to the paramagnetic solid solution. The microhardness increased gradually with increasing milling time due to grain refinement and solid-solution formation.
Bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi are resistant to drug cause 700,000 death each year. By 2050 superbugs inured to treatments could cause up to 10 million deaths annually and costs the global economy US$100 trillion. AMR (antimicrobial) resistance is regarded nowadays as a major threat to global public health. The issue is receiving high-level political attention (G7 and G20 in 2017 for first time). Pandemics, drug resistance and neglected diseases framing health as a “global security issue” as recent example of coronavirus and previously Ebola. The list was drawn up in a bid to guide and promote research and development (R&D) of new antibiotics, as part of WHO’s efforts for AMR but need to be extended. Tuberculosis (MDR/XDR) and latent tuberculosis represent a major issue to tackle attracts global attention as witnessed by recent WHO and inter-ministerial meetings several times and figured on economic agenda given the fact of health importance for sustainable economic growth in this interdependent and aging world. Problem of resistance get worsened due declining number of new antibiotics and limited number of new classes. Multifaceted strategy to promote and prioritize highly potential alternatives to tackle AMR like vaccines development is required. Vaccines like diphtheria and tetanus did not prompt resistance. In 1980 the smallpox vaccine had eradicated the naturally circulating virus worldwide without generating resistance. Recent development of LATV for pertussis shows positive off target effect where not only antibody but innate and cellular immunity plays role. Additionally, introduction of live vaccines like measles and BCG has been associated with much larger reduction of morality than can be explained by the prevention of the targeted infections. Thoughtful and innovative vaccines development considering host microbiota “superorganism” and immune crosstalk - Immune system training linked with several inflammatory/autoimmune diseases open large avenue for future development. Accurate diagnostic and surveillance with better understanding of genetic and immunologic background of host specific response and pathogen evolution drives successful country adapted vaccine research. Importantly vaccines, as highly potent tool and valuable alternative from long term perspective being clearly recognized as a major tool for public health already. Collection of microbiome data as Oncobiome project or Metagenome (gut, nasal, reproductive organs, skin) and deeper understanding of interaction withing immune and neuroendocrine system along with adapted intervention considering personal, immune status and geographical differences need to be considered and helpful for diagnostic, prevention and earlier intervention. There is a strong call for vaccine in infectious diseases area and neglected diseases (dengue, malaria - vector born diseases and climate) but also NCDs. Vaccine (but innovative approach to explore natural sources of new medicines – reverse pharmacology) might bring strong valuable approach. This given safe empiric use for natural compounds in many Asian, African, South American countries. This – vaccines, given protection of microbiome influenced by many factors -(nutrition, delivery, use of antibiotics) for non-communicable diseases like in immune oncology, aging, obesity, diabetes etc., Especially in very young age (under 3 years old) where example of stunning and microbiome (nutrition) in Afribiota study have to be looked at along with sanitation, hygiene, water access, education. Further strong support to promote all options including vaccins but natural resources (herbal, marin) can fuel accelerated clinical development based on data (surveillance online with openly shared research available free of charge for emerging countries). Helpful to craft national, regional and global policies and regulatory paths for population needs which diverse in each country and region. This in order to be better prepared for upcoming pandemics from sanitary, economical and societal level within the frame of coordinated regional and global strategy) need joint endorsement including regulatory and economic stakeholders along with necessary partnership at Global level. Additionally, I propose R&D Global consortium PP endorsed by governments, regulators, private sector, institutional research involving strongly voice of society and patients and bring Health and Research, education as priority on all Economic agendas. (Health/health infrastructures /access as prerequisite for Economy and population wellbeing). Finally – Climate, environmental changes, our rapport with animals are source of issue impacting directly or indirectly health of global populations (proliferations of vectors, breaking of natural chains with disastrous effect on agriculture, fishery sector – nutrition /immunity, but pollution, radiation etc.,) Greener economy, urbanization and transport will have direct impact on health but societal well-being and WOMEN plays essential role in this transition.
