Objective: ADHD is one of the most common early-onset neurobehavioral disorders. It is highly heritable and persistent across the lifespan so is likely to co-exist in children and parents within families. In this study, we aimed to take a family-level approach linking parent-child symptom relationships, not only to the level of ADHD symptoms in each parent but also to the level of partner's symptoms. Method: In this study, we used a case-control design. Participants of the study group were recruited from the newly diagnosed 100 children with ADHD and their parents and age- gender-matched control group was recruited from an elementary school in Ankara. Parents filled the demographic information form and Adult ADD/ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and teachers filled the Conners Teacher Scales. Results: Firstly we found that not only ADHD children parents but also control groups' have high ADHD symptoms when compared with the population-based studies in this cohort. Secondly, we demonstrated that women/men who have higher ADHD symptoms prefer ADHD marital partners than others. Thirdly, women's hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) is associated with all types of husband's ADHD symptoms, while women's ADHD related features are associated with the husbands' comorbidities. And finally, children's ADHD symptom correlations were stronger with fathers than mothers according to teacher scores. Conclusions: This study showed that ADHD symptoms in families from low socioeconomical status could have different relations between individuals of the families. In future studies, it will be important to measure partner and parental satisfaction when ADHD is a general problem in the family.
Objective: Most patients with schizophrenia need personal support and care for their own health and safety. This long-term and comprehensive care needed can increase the susceptibility of the caregivers to physical and mental problems by exhausting their mental and physical resources. In this study, we aimed to examine the emotional burden level of family members who take care of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Methods: It is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. All family caregivers of schizophrenia patients who came to outpatient clinics during the specified period were included. The Participatory Caregiver Burden Scale was administered to all participants who provided informed consents. Results: Among the 100 caregivers recruited; 68% female and 54% were female. We found that the vast majority of caregivers had emotional care giving burdens (69%), especially low-level burdens (66.67%, 46/69). Emotional care burden was frequent among caregivers (93.75%, 15/16), fathers (94.11%, 16/17), and nonparticipants (80.00%, 8/10). Discussion: The burden of care for the family members was quite large. The results show that there is a need for interventions that allow identification and control of this problem, especially focusing on partners, parents, and less educated caregivers.
Objective: The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Daily Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) to evaluate women's experience of postpartum blues. Methods: The study sample consisted of 238 mothers. The data were collected using an Introductory Information Form (I I F), the DEQ and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), which were completed by the mothers through self-reports on the postpartum first, fifth and tenth days and through a question and answer session over the phone on the third day. Data were evaluated with content validity index, Pearson's correlation analysis, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and t-test. The EPDS was used as a criterion to determine the cutoff point of the scale. Results: The content validity index was found to be between 0.86 and 0.99 for the items and 0.93 for the entire scale. The exploratory factor analysis showed the factor loads to be between 0.34 and 0.72 for the negative affect (NA) subscale and between 0.39 and 0.71 for the positive affect (PA) subscale. The scale explains 35.5% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha value was between 0.85 and 0.88 for the entire scale, according to days, and between 0.91 and 0.94 for the NA subscale, and between 0.81 and .86 for the PA subscale. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that GFI=0.76, CFI= 0.92, IFI=0.92, and RMSEA= 0.068. Conclusion: The DEQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool, which can be used to assess postpartum blues in Turkish samples.
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between eating attitudes and interpersonal relationship and life satisfaction by late adolescents. A total of 511 students, 362 females and 149 males, studying in different departments of Faculty of Educations, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, On Dokuz Mayis University, Karadeniz Technical University and Ahi Evran University, participated. Sociodemgraphic Form, Eating Attitude Test, Interpersonal Relations Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale and were used as instruments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 23.00 software. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Multilinear Regression analysis and the independent groups t-test were used. Findings revelaled that a significant positive correlation was determined between eating attitudes and nourishing and inhibitory relationship styles. No statistically significant correlation was determined between eating attitudes and life satisfaction. Besides, interpersonal relationship account for 3% of total variance. Eating attitudes not differed according to gender is among the study results. The research reached the conclusion that interpersonal relationship styles contributed to the explanation of eating attitudes, while life satisfaction had no contribution to the explanation of eating attitude. Additionally another result of the research is that there was no difference between eating attitudes of males and females.
Risperidone, a benzisoxazole derivate, is a widely prescribed antipsychotic agent that binds with high affinity to dopamine D2, serotonin type 2 (5-HT2) and al-adrenergic receptors, and causes antagonism at these receptor sites. Although risperidone has several side effects such as weight gain and sedation, edema is a very rarely observed side effect in children and adolescents. Here, we report a case of facial edema in a child with conduct disorder (CD) who was receiving low-dose of oral solution risperidone. Three days after risperidone discontinuation, the facial edema resolved entirely. Because a plausible mechanism of risperidone-induced edema remains unknown, further investigation is warranted to elucidate the risk factors and potential mechanisms of the edema.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonly observed pediatric psychiatric disorders in today's child and adolescent psychiatry clinics. Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychostimulant that acts on the dopaminergic system, is frequently used in treatment. Several studies have been performed concerning hiccups, and although some neurological mechanisms have been described, the pathophysiology is still unclear. However, neurotransmitter changes and hypo-/ hyperdopaminergic states are known to lead to hiccups. A 7-year-old boy was brought by his parents to our clinic due to hyperactivity, inability to remain still, frequent boredom, and compulsive talking. ADHD was diagnosed on the basis of DSM5 diagnostic criteria following psychiatric assessments, and MPH was initiated. Hiccups had developed and persisting 3-4 hours after medication administration. Hiccups had resumed when the drug was administered again, and stopped after 3-4 hours. Resolution in cases of hiccups treated with MPH is probably associated with improvement of a hypodopaminergic state through MPH raising dopamine levels. Additionally, we think that MPH can also trigger hiccups (as in our case) by causing a hyperdopaminergic state. We therefore think that further studies are needed in order to clarify the etiology of hiccups and the relationship with drug interactions.
In this study, determining the knowledge and practices of primary health care professionals regarding maternity blues was aimed. The descriptive study was conducted in the Family Health and Community Health Centers in the city center of Manisa together with health care professionals (N:252). The entire relevant population was tried to be reached without using any sample selection method (n:214). The data of the study were collected with a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers in accordance with the relevant literature. Informative questions were evaluated indefinitely by giving correct answers for one score out of the total knowledge score (32 points in total). The average age of the health care professionals included in the survey was 40.22 ± 8.99. Of the research group, 41.1
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used as a primary treatment in major depressive disorder, including suicide risk, unresponsive manic excitation, and catatonic schizophrenia. Most side-effects of ECT are nondestructive and transient and can be prevented by special precautions. We describe an adolescent patient with bronchospasm developing after ECT. A 17-yearold male with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder was referred to our clinic due to non-response to treatment. He had a history of asthma. We decided to administer ECT due to non-response to treatment. The patient was prepared for ECT following evaluation by an anesthetist. Propofol was administered as an anesthetic and rocuroniumbromide as a muscle relaxant before ECT, and sugammadex was given after ECT. After the second ECT session, saturation decreased to 30%. All possible organic etiologies were excluded. We suspected that the crisis was caused by asthma, and the patient was treated accordingly. Two days subsequently, saturation rose to 95%. Reports of ECT-related bronchospasm are very rare. Propofol is widely used in ECT anesthesia because it has little deleterious effect on hemodynamic stability. Although rare, anaphylactic reactions resulting in bronchospasm have previously been reported.The presence of asthma in our patient may have been a facilitating factor in the progression of bronchospasm. Although in this case it is uncertain whether the bronchospasm was due to ECT or propofol, this should be remembered when applying ECT to patients with asthma.
Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. It is well established that adult women with PCOS suffer from reduced quality of life, depression, and anxiety. But psychiatric problems of adolescents with PCOS are not adequately addressed in studies although the potential role of hyperandrogenemia and high levels of testosterone in inducing anger and anxiety are known. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between anger and anxiety in adolescents with PCOS compared to the healthy controls. Methods: 28 adolescents with PCOS and 16 healthy adolescents were recruited to the study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI I-II) and The Trait Anger and Anger Expressions Scale were administered to all adolescents. Results: Our results indicated that anxiety and anger types, except for internalized anger, were higher and anger control was lower in adolescents with PCOS than controls. Also state and trait anxiety were negatively associated with anger control in adolescents with PCOS, while there were no such associations in healthy controls. Conclusions: In this present study, we demonstrated that, there was a unique relationship between anxiety and anger in adolescents with PCOS than controls. This could be a consequence of chronic hyperandrogenemia and both medical and psychiatric treatment could prevent adolescents with PCOS from anxiety.
The main characteristic of high functioning autism or Asperger's disorder (HFA/AD) is severe and sustained impairment in social interaction as well as development of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities. Pharmacotherapy helps to alleviate some symptoms and signs of autism and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the main problem with these patients is the incompatibility of the drug with various reasons. In this article, a case with the diagnosis of HFA/AD followed in the same clinic for more than 10 years has been presented. The files are being examined retrospectively, discussing the difficulties encountered during the diagnosis in the presence of varying symptoms during the follow-up, and presenting results from 12-weeks prospective follow-up in the context of various tests..
Several studies have been conducted for a long time to identify the borderline personality and to elucidate its distinctive characteristics from other psychopathologies. However, the different findings obtained in these studies carried out provided findings that this disorder is not yet understood sufficiently. Therefore, studies about the prevalence, the comorbidity, causative factors and treatment approaches of borderline personality disorder are of vital importance. Moreover, studies about suicidality among BPD patients also have a separate importance because repetitive suicidal behaviors complicate the medical care significantly. In this review, we aimed to reevaluate the recent studies conducted on the diagnosis, the prevalence, the comorbidity, causative factors, and treatment of borderline personality disorder.
The study found out that individuals with higher intakes of trans fats experienced “difficulties with emotional awareness,” and a lower level of emotional “clarity”. While the people who had lower transfats were better able to control their emotions. Consumption of a diet that contains more transfats increases the cholesterol level in blood which in turn can cause heart attack, strokes and even depression
Background: Opioid dependence syndrome has deleterious consequences not only on addict but also on the members of family especially his spouse who is most vulnerable to develop significant psychiatric disorder given the intimate nature of their relationship. Addressing these issues will be beneficial as spouses are important source of moral support and assistance to the substance user’s quest toward abstinence.Methods: For psychiatric morbidity, 100 spouses of men with opioid dependence syndrome were evaluated. Severity of opioid dependence in the husbands was assessed using severity of opioid dependence questioner (SODQ). Quality of life and marital satisfaction was assessed using short form health survey 36 (SF 36) and marital satisfaction scale (MSS) respectively.Results: Data analysis reveals that 33% of spouses had a psychiatric disorder. Primarily mood and anxiety disorder was present in 22% and 9% of subjects respectively. Highly significant difference existed between cases and controls in terms of marital satisfaction (p = 0.0001) and quality of life (p≤0.05) indicating low marital satisfaction and poor quality of life in spouses of opioid dependent individuals.Conclusions: Psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity in spouses of opioid dependent men is high, with poor quality of marital life and marital satisfaction being low. Hence, interventions that aim at allaying their distress and improving their mental health can improve the condition of the substance user and contribute to a better outcome of substance abuse treatment.
Background Oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, along with immune-inflammatory response, might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying major depression and bipolar disorder. Objective The aim of the present study is to investigate paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and its correlations with disease parameters in patients with major depression and bipolar affective disorder. Methods PON1 L55M and Q192R single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed in a group consisted of 100 patients with major depression, and 100 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 96 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction. Results Our findings reported no association between Q192R and L55M polymorphisms of PON1 and major depression and bipolar disorder. Additionally, there was no association between the PON1 genotypes and disease variables in both depressed and bipolar patients. Discussion Evaluating the different stages of patients with affective disorders and and investigating the connection between PON1 polymorphisms and treatment outcomes will help us to clarify the relationship between PON1 and mood disorders.
