Objective: To testify the feasibility and advantages of the combined use of purse-string closure and second-stage lenticular excision/linear closure in closing the defects of maxillofacial skin, and to direct the clinic to minimize the scar of skin. Methods: The right side genae of 14 SD rats were experiment group, and the left side genae of the same rat were control group. In experiment group, genae were excised a circular skin graft, which diameter was 0.5 cm. 28 days later, scars' length of experiment group were measured and a lenticular excision and linear closure was carried out. 14 days later,the length of final scars were measured. In control group, each gena was underwent lenticular excision/linear closure, and the scar's length was measured after 14 days. Results: In experiment group, the mean scar area was only 18 percent of the original area 28 days after first operation, and mean length of the final lineal scar was (0.516±0.052) cm. In control group, the mean length was (1.341±0.122) cm. There was significant difference between them (P0.01). Conclusion: The purse-string closure and second-stage lenticular excision/linear closure was better than one-stage lenticular excision/linear closures in closing circular skin defects.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antitumor effect of RARβ gene and ATRA on human oral squamous carcinoma cell xenograft in athymic nude mice and to investigate the mechanism of growth inhibition of tumor in vivo. Methods: At the end of the treatment, all the animals implanted with Tca8113 cells, named control group, ATRA group and RARβ+ATRA group were killed. Tumors were surgically excised. Some samples were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 to 48 hours before being embedded in paraffin. Hematoxylin and erosin staining were performed for regular pathological examination. Some samples were also prepared for electronic microscopic observation and flow cytometry test. Lysis precedure was used to analyze cell apoptotic ratio. Results: The sections of the tumors looked like the flesh of fish. There was necrosis in the center of the tumor. The tumor tissue was very crisp. The shapes of the tumor cells were round with condensly dyed nucleus, but the sizes of the cells were different. The ratio between nucleus and plasma was large. The tumor cells proliferated vigorously in the control group with more mitotic nucleus, while the mitotic cells were therapy less frequently in the two treated groups. There were pieces of cells showing karyopyknosis in the RARβ+ATRA treated group. Occasionally, there were pieces of necrotic cells in this group. Flow cytometry assay was used in apoptic examination. The average percentage of apoptotic cells was 6.3% in control group, but 16.4% and 16.6% of the cells in ATRA and ATRA+RARβ group,respectively. Electronic microscopic observation revealed that there were more apoptotic cells in treated groups than in control group. The typical morphological changes included cell shrink, smaller size, cytoplasma vacuolization, nuclear fragmentation with condensed chromatin and chrosome accumulated around nuclear membrane. There were pieces of apoptotic cells on the tissue sections of the tumor in ATRA+RARβ group. Conclusion: Combined treatment with RARβgene and ATRA may inhibit growth through inducing tumor cells apoptosis mainly.
Objective: To investigate the etiology of the cleft lip nose deformity and provide theory basis for cleft lip nose surgery. Methods: Gross dissection was undertaken on the alar nasal cartilages of an unilateral cleft lip stillborn fetus. Four points including medial crus 1/2?middle crus?lateral crus 1/2?lateral crus 1/4 of alar cartilages were embedded standardly and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, analyzed with image analysis system. Cellar areas,distribution, numbers, cartilage thickness were compared. Results: Comparing lateral and central cells' area, perimeter and the same circle diameter,there were no significant differences between two sides of alar cartilages of medial crus 1/2 and middle crus.But on lateral crus 1/2 and lateral crus 1/4,There were significant difference between two sides. In normal side, there were no differences between four points of the same side. But in cleft side, there were differences. Conclusions: There are development deficiencies in cleft lip nose lateral crus.
Objective: To study the expression and significance of PTEN in normal salivary gland and salivary gland carcinoma. Methods: The expression of PTEN in 8 normal salivary gland, 24 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and 26 adenoid cystic carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical S-P assay. Results: The expression rate of PTEN in normal salivary gland and salivary gland carcinoma were 87.5% and 22% respectively. It was significantly associated with histological grade (P0.05). Positive rates of PTEN was 35.3% in high and middle-differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinomas, positive rates of PTEN was 28.5% in low-differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinomas. It was not significantly associated with histological grade (P0.05). The PTEN protein expression rate in adenoid cystic carcinoma was significantly lower than that in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. It was significantly associated with histological grade (P0.05). Conclusion: PTEN protein plays a key role in the salivary gland carcinoma genesis and development. Expression of PTEN protein is not related to histological grade and is well related to salivary gland carcinoma.
Objective: To find a new treatment to reconstruct the defects of mandible. Methods: 14 patients with mandibular defects were reconstructed by fibula free flaps after ostectomy immediately. Results: All flaps were survival with the success rate of 100%. The function and contour of the mandible were excellent. Facial contour in all patients was graded to be very good. X-ray films were taken to observe bone flap healing 3 months after surgery. And the aesthetic assessments in all patients were good or fair. no ankle unstability were reported. Conclusion: Fibula free flap has a good blood supply and high density of cortical bone. There is enough bone available. Vascularized free fibula flap takes its distinct advantages to other autogeneous free bone flaps and is confirmed to be one of the optimal methods for mandible reconstruction by our study.
Objective: To analyze the relation between Bax protein's expression and chemotheraplly resistance of oral Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma cell line. Methods: SACC cell line, which purchased from Hua-xi medical center of Sichuan University, was exposed to DDP with concentration of 1.0 mg/L for 48 hours every month. 6 months later, the cell line of SACC/DDP was established. AO fluorescent stain was adopted to observe apoptosis of SACC cell and SACC/DDP cell with various chemotherapeutic agents (MTX, PYM, VCR, MMC) at different concentrations.Immunohistochemical SP was taken to test the expression of Bax protein. Results: SACC/DDP cell line was established with stable growth level after exposing to DDP of 1 μg/ml for 6 months. All of the four chemotherapeutic agents-VCR, MTX, PYM, MMC had strong killing effects on SACC cell line, while their effects on SACC/DDP cell line reduced. The apoptotic proportion of SACC/DDP cell line was reduced obviously compared to SACC cell line. The positive expression rate of Bax protein was 20.7% in SACC/DDP, and obviously lower than that in SACC cell line (P0.01). Conclusion: The DDP resistant human Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma cell line (SACC/DDP) could be established by exposing parent cell line periodically to DDP. SACC/DDP was resistant to chemotherapeutic agents with different structure. And it was proved that the apoptotic proportion and the positive expression rate of Bax protein in SACC/DDP cell line was reduced obviously compared to SACC cell line.
Objective: To build a three-dimensional finite element model of edentulous mandible with implant and analysis the influence of different bone contact ratio to stress distribution in bone around dental implant. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of edentulous mandible with implant was established by using spiral CT scan, image process, and CAD and FEA software. The stress around dental implant with different bone contact ratio was calculated. Results: The cortical bone around implant neck was always the stress concentration area in different bone contact ratio. The stress of cortical bone area around implant neck decreased significantly when the bone contact ratio was equal or more than 60%. Conclusion: The stress of cortical bone around implant neck decreases with the increasing of bone contact ratio. In order to increase the long-term success of implant-prosthesis, it is necessary to avoid disadvantages of osseointergration to increase the bone contact ratio.
Objective: To observe the expression of Smoothened(Smo) in the maxillofacial region of mouse embryo. Methods: ABC immunocytohistochemistry method and image analysis were used to detect the expression of Smo in maxillofacial region from 11.5th,13.5th to17.5th day of mouse embryo stage. Results: The positive expression was found in maxillary and mandibular region in all three stages (P0.05). No significant difference of expression between maxilla and mandible of mouse embryo was found. And there was no distinct difference of expression between epithelial and connective tissue. Conclusion: Smo was positive expression in maxillofacial region which was considered to involve in development of this region.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of sutural distraction in treating midface hypoplasia. Methods: Eight cases with class Ⅲ maxillary deficiencies after cheiloplasty or palatoplasty, were treated with sutural distraction. Mean treatment time was 4～5 months. Lateral cephalometric films were taken and analyzed before and after treatment. Results: The position of the maxilla was significantly advanced. Point A advanced by 2.5～6 mm (mean 3.56 mm). The ANB angle increased by 4～7°(mean 5.38°). The convex of middle face and soft tissue profile improved significantly. Conclusion: This technique can advance the maxilla effectively and quickly. It can avoid anti-clockwise rotation of the maxilla. Long time results should be observed.
Objective: To observe the changes of the tumor suppressor gene Tip30 on the growth of transplant tumor on BALB/C mice with high metastasis cells of human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods: 30 BALB/C nude mice(four-week-old, weighted 18-20g), divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 in each group, were injected at submandibular with AdTip30/ACC-M , wt/ACC-M and AdLacZ/ ACC-M . Observed the tumor growth and survival period. Results: The results of AdTip30/ACC-M showed that the tumor occurs 3 days later than that of wt/ACC-M and AdLacZ/ACC-M, and the tumor grew much slower(P0.01); the survival period of AdTip30/ACC-M was (53.0±3.3)d , with two mice survives for good, while wt/ACC-M was (26±2.2)d and AdLacZ/ACC-M was (29±2.4)d. Conclusion: Tumor suppressor gene Tip30 could significantly inhibit the growth of human SACC cells in nude mice and prolong survival time.
Objective: To investigate if cytotoxicity of DNL can be enhanced in vitro by inducement of TNF-α gene-transduced human Tca8113 cells. Methods: The TNF-α gene was transduced into the Tca8113 cells, and the transgenic cells were inactivated by irradiation. After the irradiated transgenic Tca8113 cells were cultured with the DNL obtained from a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of tongue, antitumor effect of the DNL against non-transgenic Tca8113 was analyzed by improved LDH release assay. Results: The DNL induced by TNF-α gene-transduced Tca8113 cells showed higher cytotoxicity than the parental DNL did. Conclusion: Cytotoxicity of DNL can be enhanced in vitro by inducement of TNF-α gene-transduced human Tca8113 cells, and it is supposed that there are some CTL in induced DNL.
Objective: To investigate an effective method of orthodontics for the patients after the sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Methods: 37 patients with mandibular prognithism without presurgical orthodontic,underwent orthodontic treatment just the next day after the sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The edgewise appliances were used and the intermaxillary distraction was adopted for the setting up of normal occlusion. Results: All patients got the normal occlusion and the satisfactory intermaxillary relationship with the treatment of 3～7 months. Conclusion: The immediate orthodontic is efficient for the rapid occlusion establishment of the patients with mandibular prognithism after the sagittal split ramus osteotomy.
Objective: To evaluate the surgical methods and treatment effects of reconstruction of bone defects for dental implants with onlay bone grafts from intro-oral donor. Methods: 18 consecutive patients underwent onlay bone grafting from autogenous mandible. 22 implants were inserted 4-6 months later or simultaneously. The implants were exposed and final porcelain restorations were made 4-6 months later. Results: There were no evident complications happened. 2 cases showed evident bone resorption. The average bone resorption rate was 20 percent when inserting implant. The final restorations were made for all the cases. There was no implant defeated after 6-28 months' observation. Conclusion: The onlay bone grafting technique is simple and reliable for the restoration of severely atrophic alveolar crest.
Objective: To explore the possibility of rapid construction of tissue engineered bone in vitro by RCCS. Methods: MSCs were seeded on CBB-collagen , and then cultured in RCCS and static environment respectively. 8, 24 and 72 hours after set up, the osteogenic potential of the cell-scaffold constructs were investigated by cell counting, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity tests, and ultrastructural observation under scanning electron microscope. Results: With the increase of culture time, the proliferation and ALP activity of cell all increased. But the increase of RCCS group were significantly higher than those of static group. Ultrastructural investigation revealed that marrow stromal stem cells produce collagen fibrils and form 3-dimensional extracellar matrix. Conclusion: RCCS may be an ideal method for rapid construction of tissue engineered bone in vitro.
Objective: To provide morphologic data of the third part of maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa for the craniofacial surgery. Methods: Twelve adult cadaveric heads were dissected under microscope by the lateral infratemporal approach. The branching patterns of the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery were observed. Results: The third part of the maxillary artery were classified into four type: the Y type (20.8%), T type(25%),intermediate type (37.5%) and M type (16.7%) according to its course.The average distance from the most inferior point of the pterygopalatine fissure to the posterosuperior alveolar foramen,infraorbital fissure and descending palatine artery was 15.5 mm,32.0 mm and 24.7 mm respectively. The average distance from the foramen of the infraorbita fissure to the foramen rotundum and the canal of the optic nerve was 13.34 mm and 23.13 mm respectively. Conclusion: The location of the third part of the maxillary artery and its branches could be identified by means of the pterygopalatine fissure. The safe boundary could be acquired by use of the foramen of the infraorbital fissure for locating the foramen rotundum and the deep structures of the pterygopalatine fossa.
Objective: To observe the influences of LaCl3 and PrCl3 on human tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cell lines in vitro and the difference between the inhibitive effects of these two rare-earth ions. Methods: Tca8113 cells cultured in vitro were treated with the different concentrations of LaCl3 and PrCl3, and the growth curves of Tca8113 cells were obtained. The proliferation rates of Tca8113 cells were detected with MTT assay. Apoptosis of Tca8113 cells treated by LaCl3 and PrCl3 was ascertained by flow cytometry and nucleus DNA electrophoresis. Results: The proliferation of Tca8113 cells treated by various concentration of LaCl3 and PrCl3 was obviously suppressed, and some cells presented apoptosis. There was no significant difference between the cell inhibitive ability of these two rare-earth ions. Conclusion: The growth inhibition and apoptosis of Tca8113 cell can be achieved through the pre-treatment of LaCl3 and PrCl3, but the effects depend on these two rare-earth ions' concentrations and treatment time.
Objective: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of angiofibroma protruded the face. Methods: Five patients with nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were treated by surgery in our department from January 1994 to October 2003. The patients had the application of hypotensive anesthesia, or unilaterally superselective artery preoperative embolization. The operative approach through the maxillary sinus was applied to removing tumor. Results: Five patients were cured and their diagnosis of pathology were all angiofibromas. They all occluded well and had not tumor recurrence after following up from 2 to 24 months. Conclusion: CT, MRI and IADSA may all have a high value in the diagnosis of angiofibroma. Preoperative embolization could reduce bleeding and increase the safety of the operation. Operation through maxillary sinus is one of the effective treatment methods for nasopharyngeal angiofibromas intruded into pterygopalatine and infratemopral fossae.
Objective: To investigate the blood vessel reconstruction that occurred in the superiorly and inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flaps in different site and postoperative time. Methods: Ten mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two experimental groups, which were performed superiorly or inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap surgery respectively. Each group was then subdivided into five subgroups ,and were sacrificed immediately after operation or on 3, 7, 30, 90d postoperative respectivly. One mongrel dog was used as normal control. Microangiography and histology were used to assess the vessel. Results: (1) The number and vessel-cross-section area increased rapidly in the superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap and returned to normal in the 30d flap. The blood vessel distributed equally and reconstructed synchronistically in different site of the flap. (2) The number and vessel-cross-section area increasing was firstly occurred in the pedicle and the muscular layer of the apex, which returned to normal in the 30d inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap. There were no blood vessel in the middle and the submucous layer of the apex during the early postoperative period.The middle of the flap remains as a blood vessel sparse area until 90d postoperative. Conclusion: Both superiorly and inferiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap can reconstruct an equally distributed blood vascular network.
Objective: To study the effect of alveolar ridge augmentation with TiNi-SMA distractor on the masticatory muscles. Methods: 18 dogs weighing 20～30 kg, were extracted bilateral premolars and the first molar. 3 were selected as control group. The rest 15 dogs were randomly divided into 3 experiment groups, 5 dogs in each. One month later, the TiNi-SMA distractor were buried into one side mandible of all experiment dogs. The bone segments were lifted up immediately after the insertion of the distractors, and the height achieved 7.5～11.5 mm one week later and no more changes were observed since then. 5 experiment dogs and one control dog were sacrificed respectively at 1, 3 and 6 months. The bilateral masseter muscle, temporal muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle and medial pterygoid muscle were harvested and processed for histological and TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope) evaluation. Results: No abnormal changes were observed in control group. In experiment group of one month,in experimental side the myofibrils dilated slightly, a few of inflammatory cells were observed. More histological changes were found in experiment group of 3 months, such as the wrench and deformation of muscular fibers, the dissolution of partial myofibril, the swelling of mitochondria. In experiment group of 6 months, no obvious changes of masticatory muscles were observed comparing with control group. Conclusion: The TiNi-SMA distractor used to elevate alveolar ridge is safe, and its harmness on masticatory muscles is slight and reversible.
Objective: To investigate the expression of p16?p21 in the tissues of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and malignant pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) and to reveal their roles in the occurrence and development of PA and MPA. Methods: We studied the expression of p16?p21 in 10 samples of normal salivary gland tissues(NM),60 samples of PA, 40 samples of MPA by SABC immunohistochemichal technique. Results: 1.p16 expression: The positive expression rate was 100% in NM, 95% in PA and 82.5% in MPA.There were significant statistical differences (P0.05) between NM and MPA,PA and MPA,but not between NM and PA. 2.p21expression:The positive expression rate was 0% in NM,65% in PA and 72.5% in MPA.There were significant statistical differences (P0.01) between NM and PA, NM and MPA, but not between PA and MPA. Conclusion: 1.The results indicate that p16 gene aberration may be involved in the development of PA and MPA; 2.The overexpression of p21 may play an important role in the early stage of the tumorigenesis.
